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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Neuroplasticity induced by general anaesthesia

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2018-001252-35
    Trial protocol
    DK  
    Global end of trial date
    13 Aug 2021

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    01 Mar 2025
    First version publication date
    01 Mar 2025
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    DANA-2018-1.
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT04125121
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Rigshospitalet
    Sponsor organisation address
    Valdemar Hansens Vej 15, Glostrup, Denmark, DK-2600
    Public contact
    Glostrup, Rigshospitalet, signe.sloth.madsen@regionh.dk
    Scientific contact
    Glostrup, Rigshospitalet, +45 38633156, signe.sloth.madsen@regionh.dk
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    29 Aug 2024
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    13 Aug 2021
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    13 Aug 2021
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    Yes
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To explore and compare possible the de novo neuroplastic changes (visualised by magnetic resonnance imaging (MRI)) induced by anaesthesia with a volatile agent (sevoflurane) and total intravenous anaesthesia (propofol) respectively.
    Protection of trial subjects
    Any condition (or history thereof) that could cause or be suspected to cause contraindications for general anaesthesia or magnetic resonance imaging led to non-inclusion or exclusion from the trial. Participants could withdraw from participation at any time without having to state a reason for cessation of participation. The participants could contact the principal investigator directly by phone call, text message or e-mail, and were encouraged to do so in case of any question or concern at any time throughout their participation. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were revisited with the participants before each session in the study, and informed consent was reconfirmed before intervention (general anaesthesia). The comfort and safety of the participants were first priority in all aspects of this trial.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    03 Sep 2019
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Denmark: 23
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    23
    EEA total number of subjects
    23
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    23
    From 65 to 84 years
    0
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Participants were recruited in Denmark via online advertising and in magazines for medical students in Copenhagen. Information and screening of applicants for eligibility, physical examinations, and obtainment of informed consent as was carried out by a physician at Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Denmark.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    For detailed inclusion and exclusion criteria, please refer to www.clinicaltrials.gov, trial ID NCT04125121, and protocol article published in Trials 2020: DOI 10.1186/s13063-020-04468-y. Recruitment, screening and inclusion was carried out continuously throughout the trial period.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall trial period (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Single blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    No

    Arm title
    Sevoflurane
    Arm description
    1. Confirmation of eligibility for participation. 2. Baseline magnetic resonance imaging. 3. Intervention: Two hours of general anaesthesia with sevoflurane. 4. Magnetic resonance imaging four hours after general anaesthesia with sevoflurane. 5. Magnetic resonance imaging one day after general anaesthesia with sevoflurane. 6. Magnetic resonance imaging eight days after general anaesthesia with sevoflurane. Questionnaires, cognitive testing and blood sampling was carried out corresponding to each MRI scan.
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Sevoflurane
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Inhalation vapour, Medicinal gas, liquefied
    Routes of administration
    Inhalation use
    Dosage and administration details
    Two hours of general anaesthesia with sevoflurane, minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) 1.5 or lower.

    Arm title
    Propofol
    Arm description
    1. Confirmation of eligibility for participation. 2. Baseline magnetic resonance imaging. 3. Intervention: Two hours of general anaesthesia with propofol. 4. Magnetic resonance imaging four hours after general anaesthesia with propofol. 5. Magnetic resonance imaging one day after general anaesthesia with propofol. 6. Magnetic resonance imaging eight days after general anaesthesia with propofol. Questionnaires, cognitive testing and blood sampling was carried out corresponding to each MRI scan.
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Propofol
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Emulsion for infusion, Emulsion for injection
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Two hours of general anaesthesia with propofol, infused with target controlled infusion using Schnider’s pharmacokinetic model for propofol.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Sevoflurane Propofol
    Started
    21
    22
    Completed session 1
    21
    21
    Ready for session 2 after wash-out
    20
    21
    Completed session 2 (end of trial)
    20
    21
    Completed
    20
    21
    Not completed
    1
    1
         Protocol deviation
    1
    1

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Overall trial period
    Reporting group description
    23 subjects were included and proceeded to randomisation. After randomisation, two subjects were excluded due to protocol violation, and one subject withdrew from further participation after completing one arm (propofol). Thus, results from 21 subjects were included in further analysis from the propofol arm, while data from 20 subjects are included in the analysis from the sevoflurane arm, and two subjects appear at baseline while their data could not be used for further analysis.

    Reporting group values
    Overall trial period Total
    Number of subjects
    23 23
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0 0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0 0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0 0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0 0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0 0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0 0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    0 0
        From 65-84 years
    0 0
        85 years and over
    0 0
        Young adults (18-35 years)
    23 23
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (full range (min-max))
    23 (18 to 32) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    13 13
        Male
    10 10

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Sevoflurane
    Reporting group description
    1. Confirmation of eligibility for participation. 2. Baseline magnetic resonance imaging. 3. Intervention: Two hours of general anaesthesia with sevoflurane. 4. Magnetic resonance imaging four hours after general anaesthesia with sevoflurane. 5. Magnetic resonance imaging one day after general anaesthesia with sevoflurane. 6. Magnetic resonance imaging eight days after general anaesthesia with sevoflurane. Questionnaires, cognitive testing and blood sampling was carried out corresponding to each MRI scan.

    Reporting group title
    Propofol
    Reporting group description
    1. Confirmation of eligibility for participation. 2. Baseline magnetic resonance imaging. 3. Intervention: Two hours of general anaesthesia with propofol. 4. Magnetic resonance imaging four hours after general anaesthesia with propofol. 5. Magnetic resonance imaging one day after general anaesthesia with propofol. 6. Magnetic resonance imaging eight days after general anaesthesia with propofol. Questionnaires, cognitive testing and blood sampling was carried out corresponding to each MRI scan.

    Primary: Sevoflurane, Whole brain volume, Baseline

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    End point title
    Sevoflurane, Whole brain volume, Baseline [1] [2]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline
    Notes
    [1] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [2] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Sevoflurane
    Number of subjects analysed
    20 [3]
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    1220 ( 112 )
    Notes
    [3] - One participant was excluded after allocation to sevoflurane, 20 participants completed the arm.
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Sevoflurane, Whole brain volume, +4 hours

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    End point title
    Sevoflurane, Whole brain volume, +4 hours [4] [5]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +4 hours after emergence from general anaesthesia with sevoflurane
    Notes
    [4] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [5] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Sevoflurane
    Number of subjects analysed
    20 [6]
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    1220 ( 109 )
    Notes
    [6] - One participant was excluded after allocation to sevoflurane, 20 participants completed the arm.
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Sevoflurane, Whole brain volume, +1 day

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    End point title
    Sevoflurane, Whole brain volume, +1 day [7] [8]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +1 day after emergence from general anaesthesia with sevoflurane
    Notes
    [7] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [8] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Sevoflurane
    Number of subjects analysed
    20 [9]
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    1215 ( 111 )
    Notes
    [9] - One participant was excluded after allocation to sevoflurane, 20 participants completed the arm.
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Sevoflurane, Whole brain volume, +8 days

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    End point title
    Sevoflurane, Whole brain volume, +8 days [10] [11]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +8 days after emergence from general anaesthesia with sevoflurane
    Notes
    [10] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [11] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Sevoflurane
    Number of subjects analysed
    20 [12]
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    1213 ( 109 )
    Notes
    [12] - One participant was excluded after allocation to sevoflurane, and 20 participants completed the arm.
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Sevoflurane, Grey matter volume, Baseline

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    End point title
    Sevoflurane, Grey matter volume, Baseline [13] [14]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline
    Notes
    [13] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [14] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Sevoflurane
    Number of subjects analysed
    20
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    697 ( 63 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Sevoflurane, Grey matter volume, +4 hours

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    End point title
    Sevoflurane, Grey matter volume, +4 hours [15] [16]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +4 hours after emergence from general anaesthesia
    Notes
    [15] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [16] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Sevoflurane
    Number of subjects analysed
    20
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    696 ( 62 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Sevoflurane, Grey matter volume, +1 day

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    End point title
    Sevoflurane, Grey matter volume, +1 day [17] [18]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +1 day after general anaesthesia with sevoflurane
    Notes
    [17] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [18] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Sevoflurane
    Number of subjects analysed
    20
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    691 ( 63 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Sevoflurane, Grey matter volume, +8 days

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    End point title
    Sevoflurane, Grey matter volume, +8 days [19] [20]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +8 days after general anaesthesia with sevoflurane
    Notes
    [19] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [20] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Sevoflurane
    Number of subjects analysed
    20
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    690 ( 60 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Sevoflurane, Hippocampus volume, Baseline

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    End point title
    Sevoflurane, Hippocampus volume, Baseline [21] [22]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline
    Notes
    [21] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [22] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Sevoflurane
    Number of subjects analysed
    20
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    9.0 ( 0.8 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Sevoflurane, Hippocampus volume, +4 hours

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    End point title
    Sevoflurane, Hippocampus volume, +4 hours [23] [24]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +4 hours after emergence from general anaesthesia
    Notes
    [23] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [24] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Sevoflurane
    Number of subjects analysed
    20
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    9.0 ( 0.8 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Sevoflurane, Hippocampus volume, +1 day

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    End point title
    Sevoflurane, Hippocampus volume, +1 day [25] [26]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +1 day after general anaesthesia with sevoflurane
    Notes
    [25] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [26] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Sevoflurane
    Number of subjects analysed
    20
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    9.0 ( 0.7 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Sevoflurane, Hippocampus volume, +8 days

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    End point title
    Sevoflurane, Hippocampus volume, +8 days [27] [28]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +8 days after general anaesthesia with sevoflurane
    Notes
    [27] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [28] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Sevoflurane
    Number of subjects analysed
    20
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    9.0 ( 0.8 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Sevoflurane, Thalamus volume, Baseline

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    End point title
    Sevoflurane, Thalamus volume, Baseline [29] [30]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline
    Notes
    [29] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [30] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Sevoflurane
    Number of subjects analysed
    20
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    15.8 ( 1.4 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Sevoflurane, Thalamus volume, +4 hours

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    End point title
    Sevoflurane, Thalamus volume, +4 hours [31] [32]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +4 hours after emergence from general anaesthesia with sevoflurane
    Notes
    [31] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [32] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Sevoflurane
    Number of subjects analysed
    20
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    15.7 ( 1.4 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Sevoflurane, Thalamus volume, +1 day

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    End point title
    Sevoflurane, Thalamus volume, +1 day [33] [34]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +1 day after emergence from general anaesthesia with sevoflurane
    Notes
    [33] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [34] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Sevoflurane
    Number of subjects analysed
    20
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    15.6 ( 1.3 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Sevoflurane, Thalamus volume, +8 days

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    End point title
    Sevoflurane, Thalamus volume, +8 days [35] [36]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +8 days after emergence from general anaesthesia with sevoflurane
    Notes
    [35] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [36] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Sevoflurane
    Number of subjects analysed
    20
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    15.7 ( 1.5 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Sevoflurane, Anterior Cingulate Cortex volume, Baseline

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    End point title
    Sevoflurane, Anterior Cingulate Cortex volume, Baseline [37] [38]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline
    Notes
    [37] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [38] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Sevoflurane
    Number of subjects analysed
    20
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    9.8 ( 1.6 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Sevoflurane, Anterior Cingulate Cortex volume, +4 hours

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    End point title
    Sevoflurane, Anterior Cingulate Cortex volume, +4 hours [39] [40]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +4 hours after emergence from general anaesthesia with sevoflurane
    Notes
    [39] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [40] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Sevoflurane
    Number of subjects analysed
    20
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    9.8 ( 1.6 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Sevoflurane, Anterior Cingulate Cortex volume, +1 day

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    End point title
    Sevoflurane, Anterior Cingulate Cortex volume, +1 day [41] [42]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +1 day after general anaesthesia with sevoflurane
    Notes
    [41] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [42] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Sevoflurane
    Number of subjects analysed
    20
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    9.8 ( 1.6 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Sevoflurane, Anterior Cingulate Cortex volume, +8 days

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    End point title
    Sevoflurane, Anterior Cingulate Cortex volume, +8 days [43] [44]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +8 days after general anaesthesia with sevoflurane
    Notes
    [43] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [44] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Sevoflurane
    Number of subjects analysed
    20
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    9.8 ( 1.6 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Propofol, Whole brain volume, Baseline

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    End point title
    Propofol, Whole brain volume, Baseline [45] [46]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline
    Notes
    [45] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [46] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Propofol
    Number of subjects analysed
    21 [47]
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    1222 ( 108 )
    Notes
    [47] - 22 participants were allocated to propofol, of which 1 was excluded and 21 completed the arm.
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Propofol, Whole brain volume, +4 hours

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    End point title
    Propofol, Whole brain volume, +4 hours [48] [49]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +4 hours after emergence from general anaesthesia with propofol
    Notes
    [48] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [49] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Propofol
    Number of subjects analysed
    21 [50]
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    1215 ( 108 )
    Notes
    [50] - 22 participants were allocated to propofol, of which 1 was excluded and 21 completed the arm.
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Propofol, Whole brain volume, +1 day

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    End point title
    Propofol, Whole brain volume, +1 day [51] [52]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +1 day after general anaesthesia with propofol
    Notes
    [51] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [52] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Propofol
    Number of subjects analysed
    21 [53]
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    1216 ( 108 )
    Notes
    [53] - 22 participants were allocated to propofol, of which 1 was excluded and 21 completed the arm.
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Propofol, Whole brain volume, +8 days

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    End point title
    Propofol, Whole brain volume, +8 days [54] [55]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +8 days after general anaesthesia with propofol
    Notes
    [54] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [55] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Propofol
    Number of subjects analysed
    21 [56]
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    1216 ( 104 )
    Notes
    [56] - 22 participants were allocated to propofol, of which 1 was excluded and 21 completed the arm.
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Propofol, Grey matter volume

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    End point title
    Propofol, Grey matter volume [57] [58]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline
    Notes
    [57] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [58] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Propofol
    Number of subjects analysed
    21
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    697 ( 59 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Propofol, Grey matter volume, +4 hours

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    End point title
    Propofol, Grey matter volume, +4 hours [59] [60]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +4 hours after emergence from general anaesthesia with propofol
    Notes
    [59] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [60] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Propofol
    Number of subjects analysed
    21
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    692 ( 59 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Propofol, Grey matter volume, +1 day

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    End point title
    Propofol, Grey matter volume, +1 day [61] [62]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +1 day after general anaesthesia with propofol
    Notes
    [61] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [62] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Propofol
    Number of subjects analysed
    21
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    691 ( 60 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Propofol, Grey matter volume, +8 days

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    End point title
    Propofol, Grey matter volume, +8 days [63] [64]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +8 days after general anaesthesia with propofol
    Notes
    [63] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [64] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Propofol
    Number of subjects analysed
    21
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    692 ( 56 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Propofol, Hippocampus volume, Baseline

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    End point title
    Propofol, Hippocampus volume, Baseline [65] [66]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline
    Notes
    [65] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [66] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Propofol
    Number of subjects analysed
    21
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    9.0 ( 0.7 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Propofol, Hippocampus volume, +4 hours

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    End point title
    Propofol, Hippocampus volume, +4 hours [67] [68]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +4 hours after emergence from general anaesthesia with propofol
    Notes
    [67] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [68] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Propofol
    Number of subjects analysed
    21
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    9.0 ( 0.7 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Propofol, Hippocampus volume, +1 day

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    End point title
    Propofol, Hippocampus volume, +1 day [69] [70]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +4 hours after emergence from general anaesthesia with propofol
    Notes
    [69] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [70] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Propofol
    Number of subjects analysed
    21
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    9.0 ( 0.7 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Propofol, Hippocampus volume, +8 days

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    End point title
    Propofol, Hippocampus volume, +8 days [71] [72]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +8 days after general anaesthesia with propofol
    Notes
    [71] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [72] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Propofol
    Number of subjects analysed
    21
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    9.0 ( 0.8 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Propofol, Thalamus volume, Baseline

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    End point title
    Propofol, Thalamus volume, Baseline [73] [74]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline
    Notes
    [73] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [74] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Propofol
    Number of subjects analysed
    21
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    15.5 ( 1.3 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Propofol, Thalamus volume, +4 hours

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    End point title
    Propofol, Thalamus volume, +4 hours [75] [76]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +4 hours after emergence from general anaesthesia with propofol
    Notes
    [75] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [76] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Propofol
    Number of subjects analysed
    21
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    15.5 ( 1.2 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Propofol, Thalamus volume, +1 day

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    End point title
    Propofol, Thalamus volume, +1 day [77] [78]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +1 day after general anaesthesia with propofol
    Notes
    [77] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [78] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Propofol
    Number of subjects analysed
    21
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    15.8 ( 1.4 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Propofol, Thalamus volume, +8 days

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    End point title
    Propofol, Thalamus volume, +8 days [79] [80]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +8 days after general anaesthesia with propofol
    Notes
    [79] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [80] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Propofol
    Number of subjects analysed
    21
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    15.5 ( 1.3 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Propofol, Anterior Cingulate Cortex volume, Baseline

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    End point title
    Propofol, Anterior Cingulate Cortex volume, Baseline [81] [82]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline
    Notes
    [81] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [82] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Propofol
    Number of subjects analysed
    21
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    9.9 ( 1.5 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Propofol, Anterior Cingulate Cortex volume, +4 hours

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    End point title
    Propofol, Anterior Cingulate Cortex volume, +4 hours [83] [84]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +4 hours after emergence from general anaesthesia with propofol
    Notes
    [83] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [84] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Propofol
    Number of subjects analysed
    21
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    9.8 ( 1.5 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Propofol, Anterior Cingulate Cortex volume, +1 day

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    End point title
    Propofol, Anterior Cingulate Cortex volume, +1 day [85] [86]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +1 day after general anaesthesia with propofol
    Notes
    [85] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [86] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Propofol
    Number of subjects analysed
    21
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    9.8 ( 1.5 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Propofol, Anterior Cingulate Cortex volume, +8 days

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    End point title
    Propofol, Anterior Cingulate Cortex volume, +8 days [87] [88]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    +8 days after general anaesthesia with propofol
    Notes
    [87] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Optional
    [88] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Optional
    End point values
    Propofol
    Number of subjects analysed
    21
    Units: millilitre(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    9.9 ( 1.6 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information [1]
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    Eight days.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    None
    Dictionary version
    0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    All participants
    Reporting group description
    -

    Serious adverse events
    All participants
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 23 (0.00%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 0%
    Non-serious adverse events
    All participants
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 23 (0.00%)
    Notes
    [1] - There are no non-serious adverse events recorded for these results. It is expected that there will be at least one non-serious adverse event reported.
    Justification: The intervention consists of general anaesthesia will well-known medications that have been in use for decades for this purpose: sevoflurane and propofol. No adverse events were reported.

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? No

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? Yes
    Date
    Interruption
    Restart date
    12 Mar 2020
    Due to COVID-19 restrictions and -related safety precautions, we had to temporarily close our trial.
    20 Aug 2020
    07 Jan 2021
    Due to COVID-19 restrictions and -related safety precautions, we had to temporarily close our trial.
    04 Mar 2021

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    The trial was terminated after 21 instead of 30 participants for logistical reasons. The following results are pending: - Diffusion Tensor Imaging - Resting state functional MRI - Fatigue and wellbeing - Cognitive performance

    Online references

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32962743
    For support, Contact us.
    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

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