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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A Long-Term, Single-Arm, Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase 3 Follow-on Trial of ARGX-113-1704 to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of ARGX-113 in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis having Generalized Muscle Weakness

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2018-002133-37
    Trial protocol
    NL   CZ   DE   DK   BE   HU   IT  
    Global end of trial date
    30 Jun 2022

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    07 Jul 2023
    First version publication date
    07 Jul 2023
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    ARGX-113-1705
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT03770403
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Argenx BVBA
    Sponsor organisation address
    Industriepark Zwijnaarde 7, Ghent, Belgium, 9052
    Public contact
    Regulatory Manager, argenx BV, argenx BVBA, regulatory@argenx.com
    Scientific contact
    Regulatory Manager, argenx BV, argenx BVBA, regulatory@argenx.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    30 Jun 2022
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    No
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    30 Jun 2022
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To evaluate the long-term safety and tolerability of efgartigimod in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR-Ab) seropositive participants.
    Protection of trial subjects
    This study was conducted according to the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use of Good Clinical Practice, the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and other applicable local ethical and legal requirements.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    01 Mar 2019
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Netherlands: 1
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Poland: 29
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Belgium: 6
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Czechia: 12
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Denmark: 1
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Germany: 2
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Hungary: 1
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Italy: 6
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Canada: 3
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Georgia: 19
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Japan: 10
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Russian Federation: 4
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Serbia: 15
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United States: 36
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    145
    EEA total number of subjects
    58
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    124
    From 65 to 84 years
    21
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    This Phase III, open-label study was a follow-on study of ARGX-113-1704 (NCT03669588) and was conducted in participants with myasthenia gravis having generalized muscle weakness at 51 investigational sites. This study was conducted in 2 sequential parts: Part A (1 year) and Part B (<=2 years).

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    Participants from ARGX-113-1704 who either completed that study or required retreatment that could not be completed during a treatment cycle in that study were included in this study to receive efgartigimod. A total of 151 participants rolled over to this study and 145 of them received at least 1 dose of study treatment.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall study (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Not applicable
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Arm title
    Efgartigimod
    Arm description
    Participants were administered efgartigimod intravenous (IV) 10 milligrams/kilograms (mg/kg) over 1 hour every 7 days for 4 administrations per treatment period (TP) for 3 weeks in this study irrespective of whether they received efgartigimod or placebo in ARGX-113-1704. After the fourth infusion, participants entered an intertreatment period (ITP) of variable duration (minimum 4 weeks between treatment periods). Subsequent TPs were implemented according to clinical response.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Efgartigimod
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    ARGX-113
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Concentrate for solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Efgartigimod was available as a sterile, colorless concentrate for solution for IV administration. Participants were administered efgartigimod 10 mg/kg over 1 hour every 7 days for 4 administrations per TP for 3 weeks. The maximum permitted efgartigimod dose per infusion was 1200 mg.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Efgartigimod
    Started
    145
    Completed
    28
    Not completed
    117
         Physician decision
    1
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    13
         Study terminated by Sponsor
    1
         Adverse event, non-fatal
    8
         Death
    5
         Unspecified
    88
         Sponsor decision
    1

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Efgartigimod
    Reporting group description
    Participants were administered efgartigimod intravenous (IV) 10 milligrams/kilograms (mg/kg) over 1 hour every 7 days for 4 administrations per treatment period (TP) for 3 weeks in this study irrespective of whether they received efgartigimod or placebo in ARGX-113-1704. After the fourth infusion, participants entered an intertreatment period (ITP) of variable duration (minimum 4 weeks between treatment periods). Subsequent TPs were implemented according to clinical response.

    Reporting group values
    Efgartigimod Total
    Number of subjects
    145 145
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    47.0 ( 14.76 ) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    103 103
        Male
    42 42
    Race
    Units: Subjects
        American Indian or Alaska Native
    2 2
        Asian
    11 11
        Black or African American
    5 5
        White
    126 126
        Multiple
    1 1
    Ethnicity
    Units: Subjects
        Japanese
    10 10
        Hispanic or Latino
    9 9
        Not Hispanic or Latino
    126 126
    AChR-Ab status
    Units: Subjects
        AChR-Ab seropositive
    111 111
        AChR-Ab seronegative
    34 34

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Efgartigimod
    Reporting group description
    Participants were administered efgartigimod intravenous (IV) 10 milligrams/kilograms (mg/kg) over 1 hour every 7 days for 4 administrations per treatment period (TP) for 3 weeks in this study irrespective of whether they received efgartigimod or placebo in ARGX-113-1704. After the fourth infusion, participants entered an intertreatment period (ITP) of variable duration (minimum 4 weeks between treatment periods). Subsequent TPs were implemented according to clinical response.

    Primary: Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Treatment-Emergent Serious AEs, TEAEs Leading to Study Drug Discontinuation and Fatal TEAEs in AChR-Positive Participants

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    End point title
    Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Treatment-Emergent Serious AEs, TEAEs Leading to Study Drug Discontinuation and Fatal TEAEs in AChR-Positive Participants [1]
    End point description
    An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of study treatment, whether or not considered related to the study treatment. Any clinically significant abnormal laboratory test results (hematology, clinical chemistry, or urinalysis) or other safety assessments (electrocardiogram [ECG], radiological scans, vital signs measurements) were collected as AEs. All AEs starting on or after first dosing were considered as TEAEs. A serious AE (SAE) was any AE that resulted in death, was life-threatening, required inpatient hospitalization, resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, was a congenital abnormality, or was medically significant. The Safety Analysis set consisted of all participants who rolled over from ARGX-113-1704 and received >=1 dose or part of a dose of EFG in this study. Only those participants with AChR-positive status are included in this analysis.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    TEAEs were collected from the start of first administered study treatment (Day 1) up to end of follow-up, approximately up to 3 years
    Notes
    [1] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: No statistical analysis was prespecified for this endpoint.
    End point values
    Efgartigimod
    Number of subjects analysed
    111
    Units: Count of Participants
    number (not applicable)
        TEAE
    92
        Treatment-emergent SAE
    28
        TEAEs leading to study drug discontinuation
    10
        Fatal TEAE
    4
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Number of Participants With TEAEs, Treatment-Emergent SAEs, TEAEs Leading to Study Drug Discontinuation and Fatal TEAEs in the Overall Population

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    End point title
    Number of Participants With TEAEs, Treatment-Emergent SAEs, TEAEs Leading to Study Drug Discontinuation and Fatal TEAEs in the Overall Population
    End point description
    Overall Population included both AChR-Ab seropositive and AChR-Ab seronegative participants. An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of study treatment, whether or not considered related to the study treatment. Any clinically significant abnormal laboratory test results (hematology, clinical chemistry, or urinalysis) or other safety assessments (ECG, radiological scans, vital signs measurements) were collected as AEs. All AEs starting on or after first dosing were considered as TEAEs. An SAE was any AE that resulted in death, was life-threatening, required inpatient hospitalization, resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, was a congenital abnormality, or was medically significant. The Safety Analysis set consisted of all participants who rolled over from ARGX-113-1704 and received >=1 dose or part of a dose of EFG in this study.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    TEAEs were collected from the start of first administered study treatment (Day 1) up to end of follow-up, approximately up to 3 years
    End point values
    Efgartigimod
    Number of subjects analysed
    145
    Units: count of participants
    number (not applicable)
        TEAE
    124
        Treatment-emergent SAE
    36
        TEAEs leading to study drug discontinuation
    12
        Fatal TEAE
    5
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    TEAEs were collected from the start of first administered study treatment (Day 1) up to end of follow-up, approximately up to 3 years
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    The Safety Analysis set consisted of all participants who rolled over from ARGX-113-1704 and received >=1 dose or part of a dose of efgartigimod in this study.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    24.1
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Efgartigimod
    Reporting group description
    Participants were administered efgartigimod IV 10 mg/kg over 1 hour every 7 days for 4 administrations per TP for 3 weeks in this study irrespective of whether they received efgartigimod or placebo in ARGX-113-1704. After the fourth infusion, participants entered an ITP of variable duration (minimum 4 weeks between treatment periods). Subsequent TPs were implemented according to clinical response.

    Serious adverse events
    Efgartigimod
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    36 / 145 (24.83%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    5
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    5
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Adenocarcinoma of colon
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Hepatocellular carcinoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Lung neoplasm malignant
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Pancreatic carcinoma metastatic
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Prostate cancer
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Uterine leiomyoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Vascular disorders
    Shock
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Surgical and medical procedures
    Shoulder arthroplasty
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Spinal decompression
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Spinal operation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Death
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Acute respiratory failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 145 (1.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Asthma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pneumonitis aspiration
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pulmonary embolism
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pulmonary mass
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Investigations
    SARS-CoV-2 test positive
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Infusion related reaction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Spinal compression fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Acute myocardial infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Arrhythmia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Atrial fibrillation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cardiac failure congestive
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 145 (1.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Defect conduction intraventricular
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Myasthenia gravis
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 145 (4.83%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 7
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Myasthenia gravis crisis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 145 (1.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Stupor
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Eye disorders
    Retinal detachment
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Irritable bowel syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Acute kidney injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Bladder neck obstruction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    COVID-19
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 145 (1.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    COVID-19 pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 145 (1.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Dysentery
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 145 (1.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia escherichia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pseudomonal sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Septic shock
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Type 1 diabetes mellitus
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 145 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Efgartigimod
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    83 / 145 (57.24%)
    Vascular disorders
    Hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 145 (5.52%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    Nervous system disorders
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    36 / 145 (24.83%)
         occurrences all number
    103
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 145 (7.59%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 145 (8.97%)
         occurrences all number
    18
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 145 (6.21%)
         occurrences all number
    13
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Oropharyngeal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 145 (5.52%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Arthralgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    12 / 145 (8.28%)
         occurrences all number
    15
    Infections and infestations
    COVID-19
         subjects affected / exposed
    16 / 145 (11.03%)
         occurrences all number
    16
    Nasopharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    20 / 145 (13.79%)
         occurrences all number
    24
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    12 / 145 (8.28%)
         occurrences all number
    18

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    12 Aug 2019
    Clarified that there needs to be a serious safety risk in order to have the participant discontinued. Updated exclusion criteria and schedule of activities to align with ARGX-113-1705. For participant safety, allowed vaccines to be administered according to common clinical practice and reduce the risk of confusing vaccination-related AEs (such as fever) with infusion-related AEs. Clarified that participants should not start treatment with a new standard of care. Clarified that in Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis evaluation, the rater can be a trained person instead of a physician. Updated criteria for AE of special interest and clarified that all SAEs will be followed up until resolution. Updated ethical conduct to align with protocol of ARGX-113-1704 The Netherlands-specific amendment version 1.1. upon request of the Ethics Committee of The Netherlands.
    18 Dec 2019
    An additional 2 years (defined as part B) were added to the study to provide participants uninterrupted access to EFG until it was available either commercially or through another participant program. Redefined endpoint definitions. Changes in methodology and investigational plan. Endpoints were streamlined to reflect what would be summarized and labels added to clarify what would be analyzed in Part A and Part B of the trial. Corrected to reflect that changes from the treatment period baseline of the first cycle would be summarized (instead of changes from study entry baseline) as participants might start the study with an intertreatment period. Modified the endpoint definition and clarified tertiary endpoints. Given the long-time frame of the extension and the option of unscheduled visits being carried out at the request of the investigator, the more flexible option of working with a local laboratory was chosen over the central laboratory structure.
    19 Jan 2021
    Updated benefit-risk assessment based on emerging data and consistency with investigator brochure version 9.0. Clarified that participants who completed >=1 cycle of treatment and >=1 year of ARGX-113-1705 and had started Part B were given the option to enroll in ARGX-113-2002 to receive EFG co-formulated with recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20 subcutaneously. Provided end of trial instructions. Exclusion criteria removed. Guidance on contraception was updated following results of nonclinical reproductive toxicity studies. Instructions were added to collect vaccination history. The ECG assessment was added to Part B to comply with the data safety monitoring board recommendation to monitor QT interval corrected by Fridericia abnormalities that could arise due to the accumulation of EFG. An additional change was made to allow for testing of participants who exhibited symptoms of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection. Even in countries where COVID-19 safety measures were stopped according to local regulations, COVID-19 testing was continued and the results were sent to the sponsor for filing.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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