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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A Phase 2b/3 study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and effects of livoletide (AZP-531), an unacylated ghrelin analog, on food-related behaviors in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2018-003062-13
    Trial protocol
    FR   GB   ES   BE   NL   IT  
    Global end of trial date
    25 May 2020

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    06 Feb 2021
    First version publication date
    06 Feb 2021
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    AZP01-CLI-003
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT03790865
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Millendo Therapeutics
    Sponsor organisation address
    8 rue Berjon, Lyon, France, 69009
    Public contact
    Clinical Trial Information, Millendo Therapeutics SAS, +33 4 72 18 94 28, harisseh@millendo.com
    Scientific contact
    Clinical Trial Information, Millendo Therapeutics SAS, +33 4 72 18 94 28, harisseh@millendo.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    08 Sep 2020
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    25 May 2020
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    25 May 2020
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    Yes
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    Core Period Phase 2b To demonstrate the efficacy of a 3-month treatment with livoletide as compared to placebo for reducing caregiver-observed food-related behavior as assessed by the Hyperphagia Questionnaire for Clinical Trials (HQ-CT). Note: the results presented here are only from the Phase 2b Core Period part of the study which was completed before the study was terminated. Phase 3 To demonstrate the efficacy of a 6-month treatment with livoletide as compared to placebo for reducing caregiver-observed food-related behavior as assessed by HQ-CT. Note: Phase 3 was not started because the clinical trial was terminated early by the Sponsor during the Phase 2b part of the study.
    Protection of trial subjects
    The Investigator was responsible for ensuring that patients did not undergo any study-related examination or activity before giving informed consent. The patient must have given written consent after the receipt of detailed information regarding the study. The verbal explanation covered all the elements specified in the written information provided to the patient. If the written informed consent was provided by the legal guardian because the patient was unable to do so, a written or verbal assent from the patient must have also been obtained. The Investigators have informed the patient of the aims, methods, anticipated benefits, and potential hazards of the study, including any discomfort it may entail. The patient must have been given every opportunity to clarify any points he/she did not understand and must have been provided with more information if requested. At the end of the interview, the patient may have been given time to reflect and could request more time if was needed. The patient and/or legal guardian have been required to sign and date the informed consent form. After completion, informed consent forms were kept and archived by the Investigator in the Investigator study file. It was to be emphasized to the patient that he or she was at liberty to either discontinue study drug and/or withdraw consent to participate at any time, without penalty or loss of benefits to which he or she was otherwise entitled. Patients who refused to give or withdraw written informed consent may have not been included or continued in this study, but this did not affect their subsequent care. In addition, a safety data review was performed at a regular basis during the trial by an external Data Monitoring Committee (DMC) operating independently of the Sponsor to make recommendations for the conduct of the study based on safety data. The DMC did operate under the rules of an approved charter defining the roles and responsibilities of its members.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    25 Mar 2019
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Netherlands: 8
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Spain: 30
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United Kingdom: 3
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Belgium: 5
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    France: 34
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Italy: 5
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Australia: 7
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United States: 66
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    158
    EEA total number of subjects
    82
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    26
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    41
    Adults (18-64 years)
    91
    From 65 to 84 years
    0
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Original protocol For Phase 2b, a total of 50 patients per group will need to be randomized. Amendment v1.2 For Phase 2b, a total of approximately 50 patients per group (8 to 65 years of age) will need to be randomized. In addition to this cohort of 150 patients, a separate cohort of patients 4 to 7 years of age will also be randomized.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    Screening Period was up to 4 weeks After signing informed consent, patients with PWS entered the Screening Period to assess preliminary eligibility for the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In addition, pertinent information was collected such as past medical history, demographic data, and prior and current medications

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Treatment Period: Phase 2b Core Period (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator, Monitor, Data analyst, Carer, Assessor

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Low-dose livoletide
    Arm description
    Daily subcutaneous injection of livoletide 60 µg/kg
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Livoletide
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Injection
    Routes of administration
    Subcutaneous use
    Dosage and administration details
    The study drug will be administered subcutaneously as a single injection under a full skin fold of the anterior abdominal region, at rotating sites, every day during the treatment period.

    Arm title
    High-dose livoletide
    Arm description
    Daily subcutaneous injection of livoletide 120 µg/kg
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Livoletide
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Injection
    Routes of administration
    Subcutaneous use
    Dosage and administration details
    The study drug will be administered subcutaneously as a single injection under a full skin fold of the anterior abdominal region, at rotating sites, every day during the treatment period.

    Arm title
    Placebo
    Arm description
    Daily subcutaneous injection of 0.9% NaCl
    Arm type
    Placebo

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Placebo
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Injection
    Routes of administration
    Subcutaneous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Placebo will be administered subcutaneously as a single injection under a full skin fold of the anterior abdominal region, at rotating sites, every day during the treatment period.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Low-dose livoletide High-dose livoletide Placebo
    Started
    52
    52
    54
    Completed
    52
    52
    54

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Low-dose livoletide
    Reporting group description
    Daily subcutaneous injection of livoletide 60 µg/kg

    Reporting group title
    High-dose livoletide
    Reporting group description
    Daily subcutaneous injection of livoletide 120 µg/kg

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Daily subcutaneous injection of 0.9% NaCl

    Reporting group values
    Low-dose livoletide High-dose livoletide Placebo Total
    Number of subjects
    52 52 54 158
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0 0 0 0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0 0 0 0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0 0 0 0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0 0 0 0
        Children (2-11 years)
    6 9 10 25
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    16 13 13 42
        Adults (18-64 years)
    30 30 31 91
        From 65-84 years
    0 0 0 0
        85 years and over
    0 0 0 0
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    28 28 32 88
        Male
    24 24 22 70
    Baseline HQ-CT
    Units: score on a scale
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    20.4 ± 6.37 19.5 ± 6.34 20.5 ± 5.87 -
    Subject analysis sets

    Subject analysis set title
    Phase 2b Core Period, Eight to 65 years of age
    Subject analysis set type
    Full analysis
    Subject analysis set description
    All analyses were performed for the eight to 65 years of age cohort only. Only one patient < eight years of age was evaluated in the Phase 2b Core Period. This patient was randomized into the placebo group. This patient is not included the analyses. The Full Analysis Set (FAS) included all randomized patients. Efficacy analyses for the Phase 2b Core Period were performed on the FAS.

    Subject analysis sets values
    Phase 2b Core Period, Eight to 65 years of age
    Number of subjects
    158
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
        Children (2-11 years)
    25
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    42
        Adults (18-64 years)
    91
        From 65-84 years
    0
        85 years and over
    0
    Age continuous
    Units:
        
    ±
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    88
        Male
    70
    Baseline HQ-CT
    Units: score on a scale
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    20.2 ± 6.15

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Low-dose livoletide
    Reporting group description
    Daily subcutaneous injection of livoletide 60 µg/kg

    Reporting group title
    High-dose livoletide
    Reporting group description
    Daily subcutaneous injection of livoletide 120 µg/kg

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Daily subcutaneous injection of 0.9% NaCl

    Subject analysis set title
    Phase 2b Core Period, Eight to 65 years of age
    Subject analysis set type
    Full analysis
    Subject analysis set description
    All analyses were performed for the eight to 65 years of age cohort only. Only one patient < eight years of age was evaluated in the Phase 2b Core Period. This patient was randomized into the placebo group. This patient is not included the analyses. The Full Analysis Set (FAS) included all randomized patients. Efficacy analyses for the Phase 2b Core Period were performed on the FAS.

    Primary: Change from Baseline to month 3 in HQ-CT total score

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    End point title
    Change from Baseline to month 3 in HQ-CT total score
    End point description
    HQ-CT is a 9-item caregiver-reported measure of behaviors commonly associated with hyperphagia in patients with Prader–Willi Syndrome. The HQ-CT score range is 0 to 36 where the higher score represents more severe abnormal food related behaviors.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Change from baseline to month 3
    End point values
    Low-dose livoletide High-dose livoletide Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    52
    52
    54
    Units: score on a scale
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    -5.1 ± 7.76
    -3.6 ± 6.08
    -3.3 ± 5.77
    Statistical analysis title
    Analysis of the Primary Endpoint
    Comparison groups
    High-dose livoletide v Placebo v Low-dose livoletide
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    158
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.025
    Method
    Mixed models analysis
    Confidence interval

    Secondary: Change from Baseline to Month 3 in Waist Circumference in Patients Eight to 65 Years of Age Defined as Overweight/Obese

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    End point title
    Change from Baseline to Month 3 in Waist Circumference in Patients Eight to 65 Years of Age Defined as Overweight/Obese
    End point description
    The waist circumference was measured in fasting condition at the superior border of iliac crest, according to recommendations from the Anthropometry Procedures Manual of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Revised 2007. Overweight/obese patients were defined as follows: o patients ≥18 years of age: BMI ≥27 kg/m2 o patients 4-17 years of age: BMI ≥90th percentile for the same age and sex
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Change from baseline to month 3
    End point values
    Low-dose livoletide High-dose livoletide Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    40
    39
    40
    Units: cm
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    0.92 ± 5.703
    0.11 ± 4.969
    -0.45 ± 3.674
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percentage Change from Baseline to Month 3 in Total Body Fat Mass in Patients Eight to 65 Years of Age Defined as Overweight/Obese

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    End point title
    Percentage Change from Baseline to Month 3 in Total Body Fat Mass in Patients Eight to 65 Years of Age Defined as Overweight/Obese
    End point description
    Total body fat mass was assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. DXAs were conducted at each local facility using standardized procedures and settings. Overweight/obese patients were defined as follows: o patients ≥18 years of age: BMI ≥27 kg/m2 o patients 4-17 years of age: BMI ≥90th percentile for the same age and sex
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Change from baseline to month 3
    End point values
    Low-dose livoletide High-dose livoletide Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    40
    39
    40
    Units: Percentage change from baseline
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    0.33 ± 3.806
    3.48 ± 4.429
    -0.36 ± 4.302
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change from Baseline to Month 3 in Body Weight in Patients Eight to 65 Years of Age Defined as Overweight/Obese

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    End point title
    Change from Baseline to Month 3 in Body Weight in Patients Eight to 65 Years of Age Defined as Overweight/Obese
    End point description
    Patients were weighed in fasting condition, clothed (underwear, light gown or light clothing), without footwear or heavy jewelry, using a calibrated scale. The same scale should be used throughout the study if possible. The conditions under which patients are weighed should be kept consistent if possible. Overweight/obese patients were defined as follows: o patients ≥18 years of age: BMI ≥27 kg/m2 o patients 4-17 years of age: BMI ≥90th percentile for the same age and sex
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Change from baseline to month 3
    End point values
    Low-dose livoletide High-dose livoletide Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    40
    39
    40
    Units: percentage
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    1.39 ± 3.313
    1.79 ± 2.079
    1.06 ± 2.589
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    The analysis of Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was done starting first dose of study drug and through 30 days after the end of the treatment period
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    AEs were experienced by 34 (65.4%) patients in the livoletide 60 µg/mL group, 35 (67.3%) patients in the livoletide 120 µg/mL group, and 37 (68.5%) patients in the placebo group. TEAEs were experienced by 34 (65.4%) patients in the livoletide 60 µg/mL, 34 (65.4%) patients in the livoletide 120 µg/mL, and 34 (63.0%) patients in placebo group.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    22.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Low-dose livoletide
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group title
    High-dose livoletide
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    -

    Serious adverse events
    Low-dose livoletide High-dose livoletide Placebo
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 52 (3.85%)
    1 / 52 (1.92%)
    1 / 54 (1.85%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    0
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    0
    Nervous system disorders
    Syncope
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 52 (0.00%)
    1 / 52 (1.92%)
    0 / 54 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Impulse-control disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 52 (1.92%)
    0 / 52 (0.00%)
    1 / 54 (1.85%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Lower respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 52 (1.92%)
    0 / 52 (0.00%)
    0 / 54 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 3%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Low-dose livoletide High-dose livoletide Placebo
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    32 / 52 (61.54%)
    35 / 52 (67.31%)
    37 / 54 (68.52%)
    Investigations
    Blood pressure systolic increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 52 (3.85%)
    0 / 52 (0.00%)
    0 / 54 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Ligament sprain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 52 (1.92%)
    2 / 52 (3.85%)
    0 / 54 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    2
    0
    Contusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 52 (0.00%)
    0 / 52 (0.00%)
    2 / 54 (3.70%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    0
    2
    Nervous system disorders
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 52 (5.77%)
    2 / 52 (3.85%)
    3 / 54 (5.56%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    2
    3
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Injection site pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 52 (15.38%)
    6 / 52 (11.54%)
    2 / 54 (3.70%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    6
    2
    Injection site erythema
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 52 (9.62%)
    2 / 52 (3.85%)
    0 / 54 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    2
    0
    Injection site bruising
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 52 (5.77%)
    5 / 52 (9.62%)
    3 / 54 (5.56%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    5
    3
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 52 (7.69%)
    2 / 52 (3.85%)
    1 / 54 (1.85%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    2
    2
    Fatigue
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 52 (1.92%)
    2 / 52 (3.85%)
    1 / 54 (1.85%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    2
    1
    Injection site haematoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 52 (5.77%)
    1 / 52 (1.92%)
    0 / 54 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    1
    0
    Injection site mass
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 52 (3.85%)
    1 / 52 (1.92%)
    1 / 54 (1.85%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    1
    1
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 52 (15.38%)
    4 / 52 (7.69%)
    5 / 54 (9.26%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    4
    5
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 52 (1.92%)
    0 / 52 (0.00%)
    2 / 54 (3.70%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    3
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 52 (3.85%)
    0 / 52 (0.00%)
    1 / 54 (1.85%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    1
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 52 (1.92%)
    0 / 52 (0.00%)
    2 / 54 (3.70%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    2
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Oropharyngeal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 52 (7.69%)
    2 / 52 (3.85%)
    0 / 54 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    2
    0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Dermatillomania
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 52 (0.00%)
    2 / 52 (3.85%)
    0 / 54 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Pain in extremity
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 52 (1.92%)
    0 / 52 (0.00%)
    2 / 54 (3.70%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    2
    Myalgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 52 (0.00%)
    0 / 52 (0.00%)
    2 / 54 (3.70%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    0
    2
    Infections and infestations
    Nasopharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 52 (3.85%)
    2 / 52 (3.85%)
    6 / 54 (11.11%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    2
    6
    Influenza
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 52 (0.00%)
    1 / 52 (1.92%)
    4 / 54 (7.41%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    4
    Gastroenteritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 52 (1.92%)
    2 / 52 (3.85%)
    1 / 54 (1.85%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    2
    1
    upper respiratory infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 52 (0.00%)
    2 / 52 (3.85%)
    1 / 54 (1.85%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    2
    Ear infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 52 (3.85%)
    0 / 52 (0.00%)
    0 / 54 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    0
    Paronychia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 52 (3.85%)
    0 / 52 (0.00%)
    0 / 54 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    0
    0
    Sinusitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 52 (0.00%)
    0 / 52 (0.00%)
    2 / 54 (3.70%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    0
    2

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    13 Nov 2018
    In this global amendment v1.1: - Pharmacokinetic assessment were added to the Core Period of Phase 2b following United States FDA recommendation. - Clarification of the screening period duration was provided
    31 Jul 2019
    In this Global amendment: The protocol was modified to incorporate the inclusion of patients 4 to 7 years of age. Eligibility criteria were updated according to this age range The protocol was modified to clarify the following items: - inclusion criteria number 1, 5, 11, 13 and 14 - dose changes for concomitant medications - description of Women of Child Bearing Potential The protocol was modified to include updates of the non-clinical and the statistical sections

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? Yes
    Date
    Interruption
    Restart date
    06 Apr 2020
    Top-line data from the double-blind, placebo-controlled part of the ZEPHYR phase 2b study were obtained on 06 Apr 2020, and the study did not meet the primary endpoint or any of the secondary endpoints. Therefore, the phase 2b/3 study as well as livoletide development program were terminated for lack of efficacy.
    -

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    The double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b study did not meet the primary endpoint or any of the secondary endpoints. Therefore, the Sponsor has decided to discontinue further development of livoletide.
    For support, Contact us.
    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

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