E.1 Medical condition or disease under investigation |
E.1.1 | Medical condition(s) being investigated |
Experimental study with healthy participants recruited from the general population; no vulnerable individuals or clinical groups will be involved. Our objective is to test whether propranolol administration has a dose-dependent effect on the facilitation of extinction learning and subsequent return of fear. |
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E.1.1.1 | Medical condition in easily understood language |
Experimental study with healthy participants recruited from the general population; no vulnerable individuals or clinical groups will be involved. |
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E.1.1.2 | Therapeutic area | Psychiatry and Psychology [F] - Psychological processes [F02] |
MedDRA Classification |
E.1.3 | Condition being studied is a rare disease | No |
E.2 Objective of the trial |
E.2.1 | Main objective of the trial |
In our previous study (2016-002392-10; S59302), we found evidence that 40 mg oral administration of Propranolol HCl 60 min prior to extinction training attenuates fear responding and facilitates extinction. Propranolol administration did not prevent the return of fear, however, we did not test for return of fear in absence of the drug. The main aim of the present study is to investigate whether propranolol has a dose-dependent effect on extinction learning, and whether this further prevents the return of fear, in absence of the drug. |
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E.2.2 | Secondary objectives of the trial |
Our secondary objective is to investigate how the effective connectivity between neural regions-of-interest changes during fear extinction, and the dose-dependent effect of propranolol on these connections. |
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E.2.3 | Trial contains a sub-study | No |
E.3 | Principal inclusion criteria |
Healthy participants 18-40 years old. |
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E.4 | Principal exclusion criteria |
We will exclude pregnant women, people with cardiovascular conditions, lung problems, neurologic conditions (e.g., epilepsy, seizures, convulsions), serious psychiatric conditions (depression, mania, psychosis, anxiety disorder) in the past or the present, or other serious medical conditions, people with pace-makers or other electronic implants, people with (uncorrected) hearing impairments, people with pain, injury or other medical conditions at the hands or wrists, and people who have been advised by their physician to keep away from stressful situations. Specific exclusion criteria also apply for the administration of propranolol. Those include a history of low blood pressure, dizziness, or fainting, inability to perform moderate exercise, cardiac problems in first-degree relative, a history of diabetes, liver or kidney problems, metabolic acidosis, excessive production of thyroid hormone, circulatory problems, current use of medication that acts on the cardiac system, antihypertensive drugs, migraine medication, blood sugar level depression medication, gastric acid blinding drugs, anti-inflammatory agents, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, asthma medication, drugs against dizziness, migraine, tuberculosis, or psoriasis, known allergy for propranolol, current systolic blood pressure below 90 or diastolic blood pressure below 60, current heart rate at rest below 60. We will also exclude all participants with a score of 26 or above on the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (questionnaire). |
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E.5 End points |
E.5.1 | Primary end point(s) |
Our primary endpoint (study part A) is to test whether the administration of propranolol prior to extinction attenuates the conditioned fear responses [fear-potentiated startle (FPS) and skin conductance (SCR)] during extinction (relative to a group that receives placebo prior to extinction), and subsequently prevents the return of fear (i.e., spontaneous recovery and reinstatement) the next day (in absence of the drug). In our previous study (2016-002392-10; S59302), we found an attenuation of FPS CS+/CS- responding (effect significantly stronger for CS+ responding) during extinction in a group that received 40 mg propranolol 60 min prior to extinction. We did not find any effects on reinstatement, yet, we tested for reinstatement while the drug was still active. We predict a similar CS+/CS- attenuation during extinction for the groups that receive propranolol, but we expect to observe a stronger decline in conditioned responding in the group that receives 80 mg propranolol. It has been suggested that drug administration induces an internal drug state which gets integrated within the initial memory trace (Gisquet-Verrier et al., 2015). While we do not expect that 40 mg propranolol induces such a potent internal state, we do expect that 80 mg propranolol will induce such a state. Thereby, when testing for return of fear in absence of the drug, we believe that the 80 mg group will show a return of fear (due to a dissimilar state during extinction and testing), as will the placebo group (due to not having any drug intervention). We hypothesize that the 40 mg group will not show a return of fear, based on the assumption of similar internal states during extinction and during testing, as well as previous findings reported by Kroes et al. (2016). We expect these findings to agree between FPS and SCR measures, but we do not expect any differences between the conditions in US-expectancy ratings (in line with previous studies reporting that propranolol administration does not affect declarative memory, i.e., Kindt et al., 2009). |
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E.5.1.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point |
Three day protocol with an evaluation of the extinction learning on day 2 and a final evaluation test (for return of fear) on day 3. Placebo/propranolol will be administered on day 2. |
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E.5.2 | Secondary end point(s) |
In study Part B, we aim to replicate the findings for US-expectancy and SCR of study Part A in a second sample. Due to practical constraints FPS will not be measured. We will use Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM) to quantify the directed influence between two anatomically defined regions-of-interest, specifically the vmPFC and amygdala. We expect that the vmPFC will have a greater influence over the activity in the amygdala during extinction and return of fear, than acquisition. We will then compare whether the strength of the influence from the vmPFC to the amygdala is related to the strength of propranolol administration. |
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E.5.2.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point |
Three day protocol with an evaluation of the extinction learning on day 2 and a final evaluation test (for return of fear) on day 3. Placebo/propranolol will be administered on day 2. |
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E.6 and E.7 Scope of the trial |
E.6 | Scope of the trial |
E.6.1 | Diagnosis | No |
E.6.2 | Prophylaxis | No |
E.6.3 | Therapy | Yes |
E.6.4 | Safety | No |
E.6.5 | Efficacy | Yes |
E.6.6 | Pharmacokinetic | No |
E.6.7 | Pharmacodynamic | No |
E.6.8 | Bioequivalence | No |
E.6.9 | Dose response | No |
E.6.10 | Pharmacogenetic | No |
E.6.11 | Pharmacogenomic | No |
E.6.12 | Pharmacoeconomic | No |
E.6.13 | Others | No |
E.7 | Trial type and phase |
E.7.1 | Human pharmacology (Phase I) | No |
E.7.1.1 | First administration to humans | No |
E.7.1.2 | Bioequivalence study | No |
E.7.1.3 | Other | No |
E.7.1.3.1 | Other trial type description | |
E.7.2 | Therapeutic exploratory (Phase II) | No |
E.7.3 | Therapeutic confirmatory (Phase III) | No |
E.7.4 | Therapeutic use (Phase IV) | Yes |
E.8 Design of the trial |
E.8.1 | Controlled | Yes |
E.8.1.1 | Randomised | Yes |
E.8.1.2 | Open | No |
E.8.1.3 | Single blind | No |
E.8.1.4 | Double blind | Yes |
E.8.1.5 | Parallel group | Yes |
E.8.1.6 | Cross over | No |
E.8.1.7 | Other | No |
E.8.2 | Comparator of controlled trial |
E.8.2.1 | Other medicinal product(s) | No |
E.8.2.2 | Placebo | Yes |
E.8.2.3 | Other | No |
E.8.2.4 | Number of treatment arms in the trial | 3 |
E.8.3 |
The trial involves single site in the Member State concerned
| Yes |
E.8.4 | The trial involves multiple sites in the Member State concerned | No |
E.8.5 | The trial involves multiple Member States | Yes |
E.8.5.1 | Number of sites anticipated in the EEA | 2 |
E.8.6 Trial involving sites outside the EEA |
E.8.6.1 | Trial being conducted both within and outside the EEA | No |
E.8.6.2 | Trial being conducted completely outside of the EEA | No |
E.8.7 | Trial has a data monitoring committee | No |
E.8.8 |
Definition of the end of the trial and justification where it is not the last
visit of the last subject undergoing the trial
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E.8.9 Initial estimate of the duration of the trial |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned years | 1 |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned months | 6 |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned days | 0 |
E.8.9.2 | In all countries concerned by the trial years | 1 |
E.8.9.2 | In all countries concerned by the trial months | 6 |
E.8.9.2 | In all countries concerned by the trial days | 0 |