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    Clinical Trial Results:
    An Open Label, Multi-Center, 24 Week, Exploratory Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Skilarence® (Dimethyl Fumarate) in Patients with Moderate Plaque Psoriasis

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2018-004010-18
    Trial protocol
    GB   DK   IE  
    Global end of trial date
    24 Jun 2021

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    14 Aug 2022
    First version publication date
    14 Aug 2022
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    M-41008-47
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    -
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Other trial identifiers
    CRO: SMR-3612
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Almirall Ltd.
    Sponsor organisation address
    Harman House 1 George Street Uxbridge, Uxbridge, United Kingdom, UB8 1QQ
    Public contact
    Dr Amanda Knock, Smerud Medical Research UK Limited, +44 01618708129, regulatory.uk@smerud.com
    Scientific contact
    Dr Amanda Knock, Smerud Medical Research UK Limited, +44 01618708129, regulatory.uk@smerud.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    24 Jun 2021
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    No
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    24 Jun 2021
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    The main objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of Skilarence® (Dimethyl Fumarate) at week 24 of treatment as measured by static Physician’s Global Assessment score (sPGA) multiplied by percentage Body Surface Area (BSA).
    Protection of trial subjects
    Subject protection was ensured by following high medical and ethical standards in accordance with the principles laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki, and that are consistent with Good Clinical Practice and applicable regulations.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    29 Jul 2019
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Norway: 10
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United Kingdom: 66
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Denmark: 18
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Ireland: 6
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    100
    EEA total number of subjects
    34
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    90
    From 65 to 84 years
    10
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    The study was conducted at 23 sites in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway and Denmark from 29 July 2019 to 24 June 2021.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    A total of 124 subjects were screened out of which 100 were enrolled in trial. The study was performed in 4 countries including the UK, Ireland, Norway and Denmark.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall Subjects (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Not applicable
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Arm title
    Skilarence®
    Arm description
    Subjects received starting dose of 30 mg of Skilarence® tablet once a day (in the evening) for seven days (± 3 days). The dose of Skilarence® taken by the subject was then gradually increased and given up to 24 weeks. In the second week, Skilarence® 30 mg was taken twice daily (1 tablet in the morning and 1 in the evening). In the third week, Skilarence® 30 mg was taken three times daily (1 tablet in the morning, 1 at midday, and 1 in the evening). From the fourth week, treatment was switched to only 1 tablet of Skilarence® 120mg in the evening; although flexibility with dose adjustments and timing of dose adjustments was allowed. Skilarence® dose could then be increased by 1 Skilarence® 120mg tablet per week at different times of day for the subsequent 5 weeks. The maximum daily dose allowed was 720mg (3 x 2 tablets of Skilarence® 120mg).
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Skilarence®
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Dimethyl Fumarate
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Subjects received Skilarence® tablet once daily for first week then gradually increased in subsequent weeks up to 24 week of treatment period.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Skilarence®
    Started
    100
    Treated
    97
    Safety population
    100
    Intention-to-treat (ITT) population
    97
    Per-protocol (PP) population
    54 [1]
    Completed
    58
    Not completed
    42
         subject's decision
    19
         Not specified
    4
         Adverse event
    12
         Unexplained non-attendance
    1
         Investigator’s decision
    5
         Lack of treatment efficacy
    1
    Notes
    [1] - The number of subjects at this milestone seems inconsistent with the number of subjects in the arm. It is expected that the number of subjects will be greater than, or equal to the number that completed, minus those who left.
    Justification: Here, number of subjects are listed based on analysis set.

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Overall Subjects
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group values
    Overall Subjects Total
    Number of subjects
    100 100
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    0
        From 65-84 years
    0
        85 years and over
    0
    Age continuous
    The safety population included all patients who received at least one dose of Skilarence®.
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    44.2 ( 13.9 ) -
    Gender categorical
    The safety population included all patients who received at least one dose of Skilarence®.
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    36 36
        Male
    64 64

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Skilarence®
    Reporting group description
    Subjects received starting dose of 30 mg of Skilarence® tablet once a day (in the evening) for seven days (± 3 days). The dose of Skilarence® taken by the subject was then gradually increased and given up to 24 weeks. In the second week, Skilarence® 30 mg was taken twice daily (1 tablet in the morning and 1 in the evening). In the third week, Skilarence® 30 mg was taken three times daily (1 tablet in the morning, 1 at midday, and 1 in the evening). From the fourth week, treatment was switched to only 1 tablet of Skilarence® 120mg in the evening; although flexibility with dose adjustments and timing of dose adjustments was allowed. Skilarence® dose could then be increased by 1 Skilarence® 120mg tablet per week at different times of day for the subsequent 5 weeks. The maximum daily dose allowed was 720mg (3 x 2 tablets of Skilarence® 120mg).

    Primary: Mean Percentage Change From Baseline in Static Physician’s Global Assessment Score (sPGA) Multiplied by Percentage Body Surface Area (BSA) at Week 24

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    End point title
    Mean Percentage Change From Baseline in Static Physician’s Global Assessment Score (sPGA) Multiplied by Percentage Body Surface Area (BSA) at Week 24 [1]
    End point description
    BSA is a measurement of involved skin. The overall BSA affected by psoriasis is estimated based on the palm area of the subject's hand (entire palmar surface or "handprint" including the fingers), which equates to approximately 1% of total body surface area. The sPGA is a 6-point scale ranging from 0 (clear), 1 (almost clear), 2 (mild), 3 (moderate), to 4 (moderate to severe), 5 (severe) incorporating a separate assessment of the severity of the three primary signs of the plaques of all involved areas: erythema, scaling and plaque elevation with an overall sPGA. Scores for each assessment are rounded to the nearest whole number to result in the final score. Higher scores represented worse outcomes. ITT population included all subjects who are enrolled into the study, received at least one administration of Skilarence® and had at least one post dosing evaluation. Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF) methodology was used to impute missing efficacy measurements for this outcome.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    At week 24
    Notes
    [1] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Only descriptive summary statistics was planned for this endpoint.
    End point values
    Skilarence®
    Number of subjects analysed
    97
    Units: Percent change
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    -27 ( 94 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percentage of Subjects with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75) (≥75% Reduction from Baseline) at Weeks 12, 16 and 24

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    End point title
    Percentage of Subjects with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75) (≥75% Reduction from Baseline) at Weeks 12, 16 and 24
    End point description
    Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 75 response: subjects who achieved >= 75% improvement (reduction) in PASI score compared to baseline were defined as PASI 75 responders. PASI scores can range from 0, corresponding to no signs of psoriasis up to theoretical maximum of 72.0, which means a higher PASI score reflects a higher psoriasis activity. ITT population included all subjects who are enrolled into the study, received at least one administration of Skilarence® and had at least one post dosing evaluation. Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF) methodology was used to impute missing efficacy measurements for this outcome. Here, Number analyzed (n) signifies those subjects who were evaluable for this outcome at specified timepoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At Weeks 12, 16 and 24
    End point values
    Skilarence®
    Number of subjects analysed
    97
    Units: Percentage
    number (not applicable)
        At week 12 (n=95)
    7.4
        At week 16 (n=96)
    9.4
        At week 24 (n=97)
    20.6
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percentage of Subjects with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 50) (≥50% Reduction from Baseline) at Weeks 12, 16 and 24

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    End point title
    Percentage of Subjects with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 50) (≥50% Reduction from Baseline) at Weeks 12, 16 and 24
    End point description
    Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 50 response: subjects who achieved ≥ 50% improvement (reduction) in PASI score compared to baseline were defined as PASI 50 responders. PASI scores can range from 0, corresponding to no signs of psoriasis up to theoretical maximum of 72.0, which means a higher PASI score reflects a higher psoriasis activity. ITT population included all subjects who are enrolled into the study, received at least one administration of Skilarence® and had at least one post dosing evaluation. Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF) methodology was used to impute missing efficacy measurements for this outcome. Here, Number analyzed (n) signifies those subjects who were evaluable for this outcome at specified timepoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At Weeks 12, 16 and 24
    End point values
    Skilarence®
    Number of subjects analysed
    97
    Units: Percentage of Subjects
    number (not applicable)
        At week 12 (n=95)
    28.4
        At week 16 (n=96)
    38.5
        At week 24 (n=97)
    45.4
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percentage Change From Baseline in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) Score at Weeks 12, 16 and 24

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    End point title
    Percentage Change From Baseline in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) Score at Weeks 12, 16 and 24
    End point description
    The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) is a composite score based on the degree of effect on body surface area of psoriasis and the extension of erythema (reddening), infiltration, desquamation (scaling) of the lesions and area affected as observed on the day of examination. The severity of each sign is assessed using a 5-point scale, where 0=no symptoms, 1=slight, 2=moderate, 3=marked, 4=very marked. The PASI score ranges from 0 to 72, where 0 indicates no psoriasis and 72 indicates very severe psoriasis. Negative mean change is favorable; positive mean change is unfavorable. ITT population included all subjects who are enrolled into the study, received at least one administration of Skilarence® and had at least one post dosing evaluation. Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF) methodology was used to impute missing efficacy measurements for this outcome. Here, n=Number Analyzed, signifies those subject who were evaluable for specified timepoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At Weeks 12, 16 and 24
    End point values
    Skilarence®
    Number of subjects analysed
    97
    Units: Percent change
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        At week 12 (n=95)
    -0.2771 ( 0.3873 )
        At week 16 (n=96)
    -0.2920 ( 0.4280 )
        At week 24 (n=97)
    -0.3518 ( 0.4798 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percentage of Subjects Achieved Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) Score of Less Than (<) 1, 3 and 5 at Week 24

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    End point title
    Percentage of Subjects Achieved Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) Score of Less Than (<) 1, 3 and 5 at Week 24
    End point description
    PASI is a combination of the intensity of psoriasis, assessed by the erythema (reddening), induration (plaque thickness) and scaling on a scale range from 0 (no symptoms) to 4 (very marked). PASI scoring is performed at four body areas, the head, arms, trunk, and legs. The total PASI score ranges from 0 (no psoriasis) to 72 (the most severe disease). Percentage of subjects who achieved an absolute PASI score <1, 3 and 5 at Week 24 reported. ITT population included all subjects who are enrolled into the study, received at least one administration of Skilarence® and had at least one post dosing evaluation. Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF) methodology was used to impute missing efficacy measurements for both outcome.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At Week 24
    End point values
    Skilarence®
    Number of subjects analysed
    97
    Units: Percentage of subjects
    number (not applicable)
        PASI < 1
    11.3
        PASI < 3
    33.0
        PASI < 5
    60.8
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Absolute Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) Score at Weeks 12, 16 and 24

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    End point title
    Absolute Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) Score at Weeks 12, 16 and 24
    End point description
    The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) is a composite score based on the degree of effect on body surface area of psoriasis and the extension of erythema (reddening), induration (thickness), desquamation (scaling) of the lesions and area affected as observed on the day of examination. The severity of each sign is assessed using a 5-point scale, where 0=no symptoms, 1=slight, 2=moderate, 3=marked, 4=very marked. The PASI score ranges from 0 to 72, where 0 indicates no psoriasis and 72 indicates very severe psoriasis. Negative mean change is favorable; positive mean change is unfavorable. ITT population included all subjects who are enrolled into the study, received at least one administration of Skilarence® and had at least one post dosing evaluation. Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF) methodology was used to impute missing efficacy measurements for this outcome.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At weeks 12, 16 and 24
    End point values
    Skilarence®
    Number of subjects analysed
    97
    Units: score on a scale
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        At week 12
    5.48 ( 2.87 )
        At week 16
    5.33 ( 3.12 )
        At week 24
    4.87 ( 3.54 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percentage Change from Baseline in Body Surface Area (BSA) at Weeks 12, 16 and 24

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    End point title
    Percentage Change from Baseline in Body Surface Area (BSA) at Weeks 12, 16 and 24
    End point description
    Body Surface Area (BSA) was assessed as a percentage of the body surface area affected by psoriasis. BSA was assessed at week 12, 16 and 24 to conform the severity of psoriasis and to assess efficacy of Skilarence®. BSA was measured using the palm method (investigators whole hand print including palm and fingers reflects approximately 1% BSA). - Palm (to proximal interphalangeal joint and thumb)= 1% -Head and neck = 10 palms (10%) -Upper extremities = 20 palms (20%) -Trunk (chest, abdomen and back) = 30 palms (30%) -Lower extremities = 40 palms (40%) -Total BSA = 100% (100 palms) ITT population included all subjects who are enrolled into the study, received at least one administration of Skilarence® and had at least one post dosing evaluation. Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF) methodology was used to impute missing efficacy measurements for this outcome.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At weeks 12, 16 and 24
    End point values
    Skilarence®
    Number of subjects analysed
    97
    Units: Percent change
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        At week 12
    -4 ( 65 )
        At week 16
    -9 ( 71 )
        At week 24
    -15 ( 82 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percentage Change From Baseline in Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DLQI) at Weeks 12, 16 and 24

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    End point title
    Percentage Change From Baseline in Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DLQI) at Weeks 12, 16 and 24
    End point description
    DLQI is a questionnaire which is to evaluate the impact on subject's quality of life due to psoriasis. It is composed of ten items related to symptoms, feelings, daily activities, leisure, working or studying activities, personal relationships and opinions about dermatological treatment. Each item is scored from 0 (not affected at all) to 3 (very much affected). The DLQI score is the sum of the 10 individual question scores and ranges from 0 to 30, with lower scores indicating better quality of life. The higher the score, the more quality of life is impaired. ITT population included all subjects who are enrolled into the study, received at least one administration of Skilarence® and had at least one post dosing evaluation. Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF) methodology was used to impute missing efficacy measurements for this outcome. Here, n=Number Analyzed, signifies those subjects who were evaluable for specified timepoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At weeks 12, 16 and 24
    End point values
    Skilarence®
    Number of subjects analysed
    97
    Units: score on scale
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        At week 12 (n=95)
    -0.3051 ( 0.4070 )
        At week 16 (n=96)
    -0.3650 ( 0.4686 )
        At week 24 (n=97)
    -0.4799 ( 0.4528 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percentage Change From Baseline in static Physician’s Global Assessment Score (sPGA) Multiplied by Percent Body Surface Area (BSA) at Weeks 12 and 16

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    End point title
    Percentage Change From Baseline in static Physician’s Global Assessment Score (sPGA) Multiplied by Percent Body Surface Area (BSA) at Weeks 12 and 16
    End point description
    BSA is a measurement of involved skin. The overall BSA affected by psoriasis is estimated based on the palm area of the subject's hand (entire palmar surface or "handprint" including the fingers), which equates to approximately 1% of total body surface area. The sPGA is a 6-point scale ranging from 0 (clear), 1 (almost clear), 2 (mild), 3 (moderate), to 4 (moderate to severe), 5 (severe) incorporating a separate assessment of the severity of the three primary signs of the plaques of all involved areas: erythema, scaling and plaque elevation with an overall sPGA. Scores for each assessment are rounded to the nearest whole number to result in the final score. Higher scores represented worse outcomes. ITT population included all subjects who are enrolled into the study, received at least one administration of Skilarence® and had at least one post dosing evaluation. Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF) methodology was used to impute missing efficacy measurements for this outcome.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At weeks 12 and 16
    End point values
    Skilarence®
    Number of subjects analysed
    97
    Units: Percent change
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        At week 12
    -13 ( 70 )
        At week 16
    -20 ( 89 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percentage of Subjects Achieving a Score of “Clear” or "Almost Clear” in Static Physician Global Assessment (sPGA) at Weeks 12, 16 and 24

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    End point title
    Percentage of Subjects Achieving a Score of “Clear” or "Almost Clear” in Static Physician Global Assessment (sPGA) at Weeks 12, 16 and 24
    End point description
    sPGA is an average assessment of all psoriatic lesions, based on erythema, scale and induration; it does not quantify body surface area nor evaluate individual lesion locations. 0 = clear, 1 = almost clear, 2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4=moderate to severe, 5 = severe. Here, n=Number Analyzed, signifies those subject who were evaluable for specified timepoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At weeks 12, 16 and 24
    End point values
    Skilarence®
    Number of subjects analysed
    97
    Units: Percenatge of subjects
    number (not applicable)
        At week 12 (n=95)
    13.7
        At week 16 (n=96)
    19.8
        At week 24 (n=97)
    29.9
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    Baseline up to 24 weeks
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    The safety population included all subjects who received at least one dose of Skilarence®.
    Assessment type
    Non-systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    22.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Skilarence®
    Reporting group description
    Subjects received starting dose of 30 mg of Skilarence® tablet once a day (in the evening) for seven days (± 3 days). The dose of Skilarence® taken by the patient was then gradually increased and given up to 24 weeks. In the second week, Skilarence® 30 mg was taken twice daily (1 tablet in the morning and 1 in the evening). In the third week, Skilarence® 30 mg was taken three times daily (1 tablet in the morning, 1 at midday, and 1 in the evening). From the fourth week, treatment was switched to only 1 tablet of Skilarence® 120mg in the evening; although flexibility with dose adjustments and timing of dose adjustments was allowed. Skilarence® dose could then be increased by 1 Skilarence® 120mg tablet per week at different times of day for the subsequent 5 weeks. The maximum daily dose allowed was 720mg (3 x 2 tablets of Skilarence® 120mg).

    Serious adverse events
    Skilarence®
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 100 (2.00%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Skin laceration
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Cellulitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Paronychia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 0%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Skilarence®
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    96 / 100 (96.00%)
    Vascular disorders
    Flushing
         subjects affected / exposed
    49 / 100 (49.00%)
         occurrences all number
    76
    Hot flush
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 100 (7.00%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    Surgical and medical procedures
    Nasal polypectomy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Polypectomy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Asthenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Chest discomfort
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Fatigue
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 100 (7.00%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    Feeling hot
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 100 (3.00%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    Influenza like illness
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Malaise
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 100 (2.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 100 (2.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 100 (2.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Cough
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 100 (5.00%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    Oropharyngeal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 100 (3.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Rhinorrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Throat irritation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Wheezing
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Psychiatric disorders
    Anxiety
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 100 (2.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Depressed mood
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 100 (2.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Depression
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 100 (2.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Investigations
    Alanine aminotransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Basophil count increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Blood bilirubin increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 100 (2.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Blood pressure increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Blood urine present
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 100 (3.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Colonoscopy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Eosinophil count increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 100 (2.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Gamma-glutamyltransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Glycosylated haemoglobin increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Granulocyte count increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Hepatic enzyme increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 100 (2.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Lymphocyte count
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Lymphocyte count abnormal
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 100 (4.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Lymphocyte count decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    27 / 100 (27.00%)
         occurrences all number
    42
    Lymphocyte count increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 100 (3.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Lymphocyte morphology abnormal
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Monocyte count decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Monocyte count increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Neutrophil count increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 100 (3.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Protein urine present
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Sputum abnormal
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Vitamin B12 decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    White blood cell count decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    White blood cell count increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 100 (3.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    White blood cells urine
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 100 (2.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Fall
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 100 (2.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Soft tissue injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Cardiac disorders
    Palpitations
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 100 (2.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Nervous system disorders
    Burning sensation
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 100 (2.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    15 / 100 (15.00%)
         occurrences all number
    15
    Migraine
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 100 (2.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Paraesthesia
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 100 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    12
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Eosinophilia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Lymphopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 100 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    Ear and labyrinth disorders
    Ear discomfort
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Eye disorders
    Blepharitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Eye swelling
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Abdominal discomfort
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 100 (9.00%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    Abdominal distension
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 100 (5.00%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    22 / 100 (22.00%)
         occurrences all number
    30
    Abdominal pain lower
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Abdominal pain upper
         subjects affected / exposed
    26 / 100 (26.00%)
         occurrences all number
    32
    Bowel movement irregularity
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Coating in mouth
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 100 (5.00%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    44 / 100 (44.00%)
         occurrences all number
    67
    Dry mouth
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 100 (3.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Dyspepsia
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 100 (3.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Faeces soft
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Flatulence
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 100 (9.00%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    Food poisoning
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Frequent bowel movements
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Gastrointestinal disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Gastrooesophageal reflux disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Lip swelling
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    18 / 100 (18.00%)
         occurrences all number
    19
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 100 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    12
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Acne
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Angioedema
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Blister
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Dry skin
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Erythema
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 100 (5.00%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    Flushing
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Hyperhidrosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Pain of skin
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 100 (2.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Pruritus
         subjects affected / exposed
    15 / 100 (15.00%)
         occurrences all number
    18
    Psoriasis
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 100 (9.00%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    Rash
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Rash macular
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Seborrhoeic dermatitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 100 (2.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Skin burning sensation
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 100 (4.00%)
         occurrences all number
    16
    Urticaria
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Chromaturia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Glycosuria
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Pollakiuria
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Urine odour abnormal
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Arthralgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 100 (4.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Back pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 100 (2.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Bursitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Muscle spasms
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 100 (3.00%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    Musculoskeletal discomfort
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Musculoskeletal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Myalgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Pain in extremity
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Psoriatic arthropathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Infections and infestations
    Bacterial vaginosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Corona virus infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Cystitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Ear infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Gastroenteritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 100 (2.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Gastroenteritis viral
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 100 (2.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Gastrointestinal infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Influenza
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 100 (4.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Lower respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 100 (2.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Nasopharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 100 (3.00%)
         occurrences all number
    13
    Oral herpes
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 100 (3.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Penile infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Post procedural infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 100 (2.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Rhinitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 100 (2.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Sinusitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 100 (2.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Upper respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 100 (3.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 100 (2.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Gout
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Type 2 diabetes mellitus
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? No

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

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