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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Randomized, Parallel-Group, Phase 2b Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Ecopipam Tablets in Children and Adolescent Subjects with Tourette’s Syndrome

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2019-000281-37
    Trial protocol
    DE   FR   PL  
    Global end of trial date
    23 Sep 2021

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    25 Oct 2022
    First version publication date
    25 Oct 2022
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    EBS-101-CL-001
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT04007991
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Emalex Biosciences, Inc.
    Sponsor organisation address
    330 North Wabash Avenue, Suite 3500, Chicago, United States, 60611
    Public contact
    Clinical contact, Emalex Biosciences Inc., 0 0018477150562, dkim@emalexbiosciences.com
    Scientific contact
    Clinical contact, Emalex Biosciences Inc., 0 0018477150562, dkim@emalexbiosciences.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    Yes
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    23 Sep 2021
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    No
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    23 Sep 2021
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of ecopipam tablets in pediatric subjects (aged greater than [>] 6 to less than [<] 18 years) with Tourette's Syndrome (TS).
    Protection of trial subjects
    This study was conducted in accordance with the International Council on Harmonisation tripartite guideline on the ethical principles of Good Clinical Practice (ICH E6), and applicable regulatory requirements including the archiving of essential documents.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    20 Jul 2019
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Canada: 7
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United States: 117
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Poland: 25
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Germany: 4
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    153
    EEA total number of subjects
    29
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    53
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    100
    Adults (18-64 years)
    0
    From 65 to 84 years
    0
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    The study was conducted at 45 sites enrolled subjects in United States, Canada, Germany, France and Poland from 20 July 2019 (first subject first visit) and 23 September 2021 (last subject last visit).

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    A total of 215 subjects were screened, of which 61 subjects were screen failures and 154 subjects were enrolled in the study. Of the 154 enrolled subjects, 153 were randomized in 1:1 ratio to receive ecopipam HCl and placebo.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall Study (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator, Monitor, Data analyst, Carer, Assessor

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Placebo
    Arm description
    Subjects received matching placebo tablets orally, once, daily over a titration period followed by an 8-week treatment period.
    Arm type
    Placebo

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Placebo
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Subjects received matching placebo tablets orally, once daily.

    Arm title
    Ecopipam
    Arm description
    Subjects received a targeted steady-state dose of 2 milligram per kilogram per day (mg/kg/day) of ecopipam HCl tablets orally, once daily based on the body weight over a titration period followed by an 8-week treatment period.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Ecopipam HCl
    Investigational medicinal product code
    EBS-101
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Subjects received Ecopipam HCl tablets orally once daily.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Placebo Ecopipam
    Started
    77
    76
    Completed
    71
    66
    Not completed
    6
    10
         Physician decision
    1
    1
         Non-compliance with Study Drug
    1
    -
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    1
    1
         Withdrawal by Parent/Caregiver
    2
    1
         Adverse event, non-fatal
    -
    5
         Lost to follow-up
    1
    2

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Subjects received matching placebo tablets orally, once, daily over a titration period followed by an 8-week treatment period.

    Reporting group title
    Ecopipam
    Reporting group description
    Subjects received a targeted steady-state dose of 2 milligram per kilogram per day (mg/kg/day) of ecopipam HCl tablets orally, once daily based on the body weight over a titration period followed by an 8-week treatment period.

    Reporting group values
    Placebo Ecopipam Total
    Number of subjects
    77 76 153
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0 0 0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0 0 0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0 0 0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0 0 0
        Children (2-11 years)
    26 27 53
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    51 49 100
        Adults (18-64 years)
    0 0 0
        From 65-84 years
    0 0 0
        85 years and over
    0 0 0
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    12.6 ± 2.63 12.6 ± 2.78 -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    24 17 41
        Male
    53 59 112
    Race
    Units: Subjects
        White
    72 66 138
        Black or African American
    3 6 9
        Asian
    2 1 3
        American Indian or Alaska Native
    0 1 1
        Other
    0 2 2
    Ethnicity
    Units: Subjects
        Hispanic or Latino
    11 13 24
        Not Hispanic or Latino
    66 63 129

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Subjects received matching placebo tablets orally, once, daily over a titration period followed by an 8-week treatment period.

    Reporting group title
    Ecopipam
    Reporting group description
    Subjects received a targeted steady-state dose of 2 milligram per kilogram per day (mg/kg/day) of ecopipam HCl tablets orally, once daily based on the body weight over a titration period followed by an 8-week treatment period.

    Primary: Change From Baseline in the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale-Total Tic Score (YGTSS-TTS) at Week 12

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale-Total Tic Score (YGTSS-TTS) at Week 12
    End point description
    The YGTSS was a semi-structured clinical interview designed to measure the tic severity. This scale consisted of a tic inventory, with 5 separate rating scales to rate the severity of symptoms, and an impairment ranking. Ratings were made along 5 different dimensions on a scale of 0=none to 5=severe for motor and vocal tics, each including number, frequency, intensity, complexity, and interference. The YGTSS TTS was the summation of the severity scores of motor and vocal tics. The total tic score (TTS) ranged from 0 (none) to 50 (severe) with higher score represent more severe symptoms. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement. The modified intent-to-treat (mITT) set included all randomised subjects who received at least 1 dose of study drug and had at least 1 post-baseline scoring of the YGTSS. Here, "number of subjects analysed" refer to the subjects evaluable for this endpoint.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Week 12
    End point values
    Placebo Ecopipam
    Number of subjects analysed
    75
    74
    Units: Score on a scale
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -6.42 ± 1.006
    -9.87 ± 1.062
    Statistical analysis title
    Ecopipam vs. Placebo
    Statistical analysis description
    Change from baseline in YGTSS score as a continuous variable was based on mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with an unstructured covariance matrix.
    Comparison groups
    Placebo v Ecopipam
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    149
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    other
    P-value
    = 0.011
    Method
    ANCOVA
    Parameter type
    Difference in Least Square Mean
    Point estimate
    -3.44
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -6.09
         upper limit
    -0.79
    Variability estimate
    Standard error of the mean
    Dispersion value
    1.351

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impression of Tourette Syndrome Severity (CGI-TS-S) at Week 12

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impression of Tourette Syndrome Severity (CGI-TS-S) at Week 12
    End point description
    Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale was used to assess overall severity on a 7-point Likert scale consisted of 2 reliable and valid 7-item Likert scales used to assess severity and change in clinical symptoms. The CGI severity scale ranges from 1 = Normal, not at all ill; 2 = Borderline ill; 3 = Mildly ill; 4 = Moderately ill; 5 = Markedly ill; 6 = Severely ill; 7 = Among the most extremely ill subject. 1 = “normal, not ill at all” to 7 = “extremely ill.” A negative change indicates improvement in the condition. The mITT set included all randomised subjects who received at least 1 dose of study drug and had at least 1 post-baseline scoring of the YGTSS. Here, "number of subjects analysed" refer to the subjects evaluable for this endpoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Week 12
    End point values
    Placebo Ecopipam
    Number of subjects analysed
    71
    65
    Units: Score on a scale
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.53 ± 0.130
    -0.91 ± 0.141
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    Screening up to Week 16
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    23.1
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Ecopipam
    Reporting group description
    Subjects received a targeted steady-state dose of 2 mg/kg/day of ecopipam HCl tablets orally, once daily based on the body weight over a titration period followed by an 8-week treatment period.

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Subjects received matching placebo tablets orally, once, daily over a titration period followed by an 8-week treatment period.

    Serious adverse events
    Ecopipam Placebo
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 76 (2.63%)
    1 / 77 (1.30%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 76 (1.32%)
    0 / 77 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Suicidal ideation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 76 (0.00%)
    1 / 77 (1.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Coronavirus infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 76 (1.32%)
    0 / 77 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 2%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Ecopipam Placebo
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    47 / 76 (61.84%)
    38 / 77 (49.35%)
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Contusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 76 (0.00%)
    3 / 77 (3.90%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    3
    Fall
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 76 (2.63%)
    0 / 77 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Muscle strain
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 76 (2.63%)
    0 / 77 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Sunburn
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 76 (2.63%)
    1 / 77 (1.30%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    1
    Nervous system disorders
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    12 / 76 (15.79%)
    7 / 77 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    16
    11
    Somnolence
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 76 (7.89%)
    2 / 77 (2.60%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    2
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 76 (3.95%)
    0 / 77 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Fatigue
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 76 (7.89%)
    0 / 77 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    0
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 76 (1.32%)
    3 / 77 (3.90%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    3
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 76 (5.26%)
    1 / 77 (1.30%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    1
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 76 (2.63%)
    0 / 77 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Abdominal pain upper
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 76 (1.32%)
    2 / 77 (2.60%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    2
    Diarrhea
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 76 (1.32%)
    3 / 77 (3.90%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    3
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 76 (1.32%)
    0 / 77 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Nasal congestion
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 76 (2.63%)
    0 / 77 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Oropharyngeal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 76 (2.63%)
    0 / 77 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Anxiety
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 76 (5.26%)
    0 / 77 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    0
    Restlessness
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 76 (5.26%)
    0 / 77 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    0
    Insomnia
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 76 (9.21%)
    1 / 77 (1.30%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    1
    Depressed mood
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 76 (3.95%)
    2 / 77 (2.60%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    2
    Depression
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 76 (1.32%)
    2 / 77 (2.60%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    2
    Irritability
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 76 (3.95%)
    1 / 77 (1.30%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    1
    Middle insomnia
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 76 (3.95%)
    1 / 77 (1.30%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    1
    Sleep disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 76 (3.95%)
    1 / 77 (1.30%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    1
    Tic
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 76 (2.63%)
    2 / 77 (2.60%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    2
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Back pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 76 (0.00%)
    2 / 77 (2.60%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Myalgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 76 (2.63%)
    1 / 77 (1.30%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    1
    Neck pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 76 (2.63%)
    0 / 77 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Infections and infestations
    Nasopharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 76 (6.58%)
    4 / 77 (5.19%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    5
    Coronavirus infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 76 (1.32%)
    1 / 77 (1.30%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Decreased appetite
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 76 (2.63%)
    4 / 77 (5.19%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    4

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    07 Feb 2019
    Amendment 1: • Two exclusion criteria were clarified to ensure subject eligibility could be determined accurately; • Secondary efficacy endpoints were specified and prioritized; • Clarified when study appointments were to be made and when blood draws should be conducted for pharmacokinetic (PK) evaluations; • Updates to study procedures and schedule of assessments: 30-day Follow-Up call added, Baseline CGI-I and CGI-C deleted as these were not needed, footnotes added to highlight that laboratory samples should be obtained while subjects were in a fasted state and to include height in vital signs; • Statement added to indicate study drug dosing will not change due to changes in weight during the study; • Added HbA1c as a special laboratory parameter; • Correction made to include reporting of partner pregnancies.
    28 Feb 2019
    Amendment 2: • Additional assessments added to Week 6 visit to better understand the time course of responses; • Weight bands corrected; • Exclusion on hepatic impairment added to reduce variability in ecopipam exposure • Clarification of pregnancy exclusion criteria; • Clarification of exclusion criteria regarding DSM-5 criteria; • Clarified and specified exclusion criteria regarding the change in YGTSS-TTS score between the Screening and Baseline visits to an absolute percentage change; • Clarified the time period of previous treatments in exclusion criteria; • Added exclusion criteria to exclude subjects who have initiated behavioral therapies; • Added requirement that a subject’s Baseline dose will not be adjusted based on subject weight changes; • Reworded key and other secondary efficacy endpoints in order of importance; • Clarified administration of study drug dose during the Week 4 visit; • Corrected clinical summary from Schering-Plough studies and Psyadon studies to be consistent with the Investigator’s Brochure; • Added text to stipulate the additional requirement for randomization assignment to be based on weight stratification; • Added clarification for subjects who do not tolerate dose titration and dose instructions; • Clarified when safety assessments will be performed; • Clarified the function and responsibilities of the data safety monitoring board (DSMB) charter, the types of DSMB members for the study, as well as clarified recommendations that the DSMB may make for the study.
    28 May 2019
    Amendment 3: • Follow-Up visits and Follow-Up contact amended to be based on the last dose of study drug instead of the date of the visit; • Washout period of medications used to treat motor or vocal tics was reduced from 21 days to 14 days to facilitate subject visit scheduling; • Correction/clarification made to the exclusion criteria regarding mood disorders (DSM-5 criteria) to reflect original intention; • Exclusion criteria text on ECG at Screening was updated to reflect the responsibility of the principal investigator in review of ECG data; • Tetrahydrocannabinol was removed from the urine drug screen exclusion criteria; • Exclusion criterion regarding subjects with a first-degree relative with a major depressive episode was deleted; • Exclusionary previous treatments were reworded to match more realistic pediatric TS population treatment scenarios; • Exclusion criterion for subjects who received psychostimulants for the treatment of attention deficit disorder/ attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was deleted; • Timing of the PK visit after last dose adjusted and text amended for clarity regarding scheduling of PK visits.
    25 Oct 2019
    Amendment 4: • Sections 5.2 and 5.3 were created with new subsections for clarity and to provide additional information; • Correction to footnotes in schedule of assessments table; • Inclusion and exclusion criteria were refined for clarity; • Contraception language was revised for consistency with the Clinical Trials Facilitation Group Contraception Guidelines, and the guidelines were added to an appendix; • St. John’s Wort was added as an exclusionary medication; • Text on the removal of subjects from the study was revised to provide additional guidance; • Section added to provide additional information regarding prohibited therapies and a; prohibited medications list was added to an appendix; • Text revised to clarify it was the responsibility of the investigator to determine if the blind must be broken for safety reasons.
    13 Apr 2020
    Amendment 5: • Alternate remote monitoring procedures were implemented for safety purposes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic; • Inclusion criterion stating the subject has received an adequate trial of nonpharmacological therapy without adequate response was amended to pertain only to subjects enrolled outside of the United States and Canada; • Exclusion criterion regarding subjects who have initiated new behavioral therapies fewer than 10 weeks prior to Baseline was revised to exclude the wording “to treat TS”; • Added an exclusion criterion to provide investigators the ability to ensure that subjects who may not be suitable for the study could be excluded; • Text added to provide investigators guidance to monitor subjects for signs of abuse, and withdrawal or dependence; • Updated information in Sections 5.2 and 5.3; • Updates to schedule of assessments table (urine pregnancy test was added to Day 14 Follow-Up visit and text added to clarify that approval was required for rescreening); • Text added regarding how direct-to-subject shipments of study drug may be necessary as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic; • Efficacy endpoints for change in CGI-TS-I and CaGI-C corrected to begin at Week 4; • Plan for protocol deviations related to the COVID-19 pandemic was specified.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
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