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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Zoledronic acid for prevention of bone loss after bariatric surgery

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2019-001650-26
    Trial protocol
    DK  
    Global end of trial date
    30 Oct 2024

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    28 Dec 2025
    First version publication date
    28 Dec 2025
    Other versions
    Summary report(s)
    Primary outcome
    Secondary outcome
    Summery

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    ZOL6700
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT04742010
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Hospital South West Jutland
    Sponsor organisation address
    Finsensgade 35, Esbjerg, Denmark, 6700
    Public contact
    Department of Medicine, Hospital South West Jutland, 0045 79182226, stinus.gadegaard.hansen@rsyd.dk
    Scientific contact
    Department of Medicine, Hospital South West Jutland, 0045 79182226, soren.gam@rsyd.dk
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    20 Feb 2025
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    01 Oct 2024
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    30 Oct 2024
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To evaluate the effects of zoledronic acid on bone mineral density in patients after bariatric surgery.,
    Protection of trial subjects
    All participants provided written informed consent prior to inclusion. The study was approved by the Regional Committees on Health Research Ethics for Southern Denmark (project identifier S-20190134) and by the Danish Medicines Agency (protocol ZOL6700). The trial followed the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice requirements. Safety was monitored throughout the study period, and all serious adverse events were reported to the relevant Danish authorities and monitored by the local GCP-unit. Women of childbearing potential used approved contraception and were screened for pregnancy prior to study drug infusion
    Background therapy
    All participants received standard postoperative care for bariatric surgery including routine supplementation with calcium and vitamin D in accordance with Danish national guidelines. In case of vitamin D deficiency, a standard loading regimen was provided. No other anti-osteoporotic treatment was allowed.
    Evidence for comparator
    Zoledronic acid is an approved bisphosphonate widely used for prevention of bone loss and fractures in osteoporosis. Placebo was chosen as comparator because the effect of zoledronic acid in patients undergoing bariatric surgery is unknown and no pharmacological standard of care exists in this population. A placebo-controlled design is therefore necessary to evaluate treatment effects on bone and muscle outcomes in this setting
    Actual start date of recruitment
    11 Feb 2021
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Denmark: 59
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    59
    EEA total number of subjects
    59
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    59
    From 65 to 84 years
    0
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Participants were recruited consecutively from the bariatric surgery program at the University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg. Eligible patients were invited during standard preoperative assessments, and written informed consent was obtained prior to any study procedures.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    Potential participants were screened for eligibility based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, including indication for bariatric surgery, age ≥35 years, obesity-related comorbidities, and absence of contraindications to zoledronic acid. Screening included medical history, laboratory values, and verification of vitamin D status. Women o

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Recriument and randomization (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Investigator, Monitor, Subject, Assessor
    Blinding implementation details
    Participants, investigators and outcome assessors were blinded throughout data collection. Randomization was computer-generated with stratification and concealed allocation. A non-study team member prepared the unblinded report. The main analyst (SG) remained blinded during statistical analyses and was only unblinded after analyses were completed.

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Intervention
    Arm description
    Participants received a single intravenous infusion of zoledronic acid 5 mg prior to bariatric surgery in addition to standard postoperative supplementation.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Zoledronic acid
    Investigational medicinal product code
    49015
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Subjects will receive a single dose of zoledronic acid 5 mg or placebo 21 days before bariatric surgery (an interval of 59 to 7 days is accepted). Zoledronic acid or placebo will be administered in a solution containing 100-ml normal saline and slowly infused intravenous (≥ 15 min). Due to the risk of anaphylaxis, subjects are observed at least 30 min on the study site after the infusion. The Pharmacy, University hospital of Southern Denmark, will prepare the study medicine on the day of administration. Preparation is performed at a separate location in the hospital away from the research facility. Zoledronic acid or placebo solutions will be identical and labeled only with the randomization number of the particular subject.

    Arm title
    Placebo
    Arm description
    Participants received a single intravenous infusion of placebo (0.9% NaCl) prior to bariatric surgery in addition to standard postoperative supplementation.
    Arm type
    Placebo

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Saline water
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    a solution containing 100 mL of saline water (0.9% sodium chloride)and slowly infused intravenously (≥15 min).

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Intervention Placebo
    Started
    31
    28
    Completed
    31
    28

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Recriument and randomization
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group values
    Recriument and randomization Total
    Number of subjects
    59 59
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
    Age continuous
    48.9 yr. +/- 6.3 SD
    Units: years
        median (standard deviation)
    48.9 ( 6.3 ) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Male
    16 16
        Female
    43 43
    Spine vBMD
    Units: mg/cm3
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    147.9 ( 29.2 ) -
    Hip vBMD
    Units: mg/cm3
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    163.6 ( 16.9 ) -
    Bone turnover markers - CTX-1
    Units: μg/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    0.26 ( 0.16 ) -

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Intervention
    Reporting group description
    Participants received a single intravenous infusion of zoledronic acid 5 mg prior to bariatric surgery in addition to standard postoperative supplementation.

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Participants received a single intravenous infusion of placebo (0.9% NaCl) prior to bariatric surgery in addition to standard postoperative supplementation.

    Subject analysis set title
    Analysis of primary outcome
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    The intention‐to‐treat principle was used to analyze the effect of zoledronic acid. A mixed‐effects model with repeated measures, including a term for the interaction of group (INT or CON) and time, was used to assess changes from baseline to 12 months (unadjusted analysis). For the adjusted analysis, the covariates age, gender, and surgery type (randomization factor) were included in the analysis

    Primary: Spine vBMD

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    End point title
    Spine vBMD
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline to 1 year
    End point values
    Intervention Placebo Analysis of primary outcome
    Number of subjects analysed
    31
    28
    Units: mg/cm3
        arithmetic mean (confidence interval 95%)
    153.1 (144.2 to 162.1)
    140.4 (133.9 to 158.2)
    6.8 (1.9 to 11.7)
    Attachments
    Untitled (Filename: Obesity - 2025 - Gam - Zoledronic acid increases spine bone mass and prevents hip bone loss after bariatric surgery a.pdf)
    Statistical analysis title
    Analysis plan for all main outcomes
    Statistical analysis description
    The intention‐to‐treat principle was used to analyze the effect of zoledronic acid. A mixed‐effects model with repeated measures, including a term for the interaction of group (INT or CON) and time, was used to assess changes from baseline to 12 months (unadjusted analysis). For the adjusted analysis, the covariates age, gender, and surgery type (randomization factor) were included in the analysis.
    Comparison groups
    Intervention v Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    59
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority [1]
    P-value
    < 0.05
    Method
    Mixed models analysis
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (net)
    Point estimate
    6.8
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    1.9
         upper limit
    11.7
    Variability estimate
    Standard deviation
    Dispersion value
    0.05
    Notes
    [1] - The intention‐to‐treat principle was used to analyze the effect of zoledronic acid. A mixed‐effects model with repeated measures, including a term for the interaction of group (INT or CON) and time, was used to assess changes from baseline to 12 months (unadjusted analysis). For the adjusted analysis, the covariates age, gender, and surgery type (randomization factor) were included in the analysis.

    Secondary: Hip vBMD

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    End point title
    Hip vBMD
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline to 1 year post
    End point values
    Intervention Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    31
    28
    Units: mg/cm3
        arithmetic mean (confidence interval 95%)
    162.0 (156.6 to 167.4)
    156.7 (150.9 to 162.5)
    Attachments
    see table 2
    Statistical analysis title
    Analysis plan for all main outcomes
    Statistical analysis description
    The intention‐to‐treat principle was used to analyze the effect of zoledronic acid. A mixed‐effects model with repeated measures, including a term for the interaction of group (INT or CON) and time, was used to assess changes from baseline to 12 months (unadjusted analysis). For the adjusted analysis, the covariates age, gender, and surgery type (randomization factor) were included in the analysis
    Comparison groups
    Intervention v Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    59
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.05
    Method
    Mixed models analysis
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (net)
    Point estimate
    5
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    1.4
         upper limit
    8.5
    Variability estimate
    Standard deviation
    Dispersion value
    0.05
    Statistical analysis title
    Copy of Analysis plan for all main outcomes
    Statistical analysis description
    The intention‐to‐treat principle was used to analyze the effect of zoledronic acid. A mixed‐effects model with repeated measures, including a term for the interaction of group (INT or CON) and time, was used to assess changes from baseline to 12 months (unadjusted analysis). For the adjusted analysis, the covariates age, gender, and surgery type (randomization factor) were included in the analysis
    Comparison groups
    Intervention v Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    59
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.05
    Method
    Mixed models analysis
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (net)
    Point estimate
    5
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    1.4
         upper limit
    8.5
    Variability estimate
    Standard deviation
    Dispersion value
    0.05

    Secondary: Bone markers - CTX-1

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    End point title
    Bone markers - CTX-1
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline to 1 years
    End point values
    Intervention Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    31
    28
    Units: μg/L
        arithmetic mean (confidence interval 95%)
    0.53 (0.45 to 0.61)
    0.71 (0.62 to 0.80)
    Statistical analysis title
    Analysis plan for all main outcomes
    Comparison groups
    Intervention v Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    59
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.05
    Method
    Mixed models analysis
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (net)
    Point estimate
    -0.18
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -0.32
         upper limit
    -0.04
    Variability estimate
    Standard deviation
    Dispersion value
    0.05

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    baseline to 1 year follow up
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    25
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Intervention
    Reporting group description
    Participants received a single intravenous infusion of zoledronic acid 5 mg prior to bariatric surgery in addition to standard postoperative supplementation.

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Participants received a single intravenous infusion of placebo (0.9% NaCl) prior to bariatric surgery in addition to standard postoperative supplementation.

    Serious adverse events
    Intervention Placebo
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 31 (25.81%)
    4 / 28 (14.29%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    Cardiac disorders
    Chest pain
    Additional description: Chest pain without clinically significant findings.
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    0 / 28 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Hospitalisation
    Additional description: Two-day prolongation of hospital stay after bariatric surgery.
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 31 (0.00%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Abdominal wall haematoma
    Additional description: Abdominal wall haematoma.
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 31 (0.00%)
    2 / 28 (7.14%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Abdominal pain
    Additional description: Abdominal pain five days after RYGB, attributed to oedema at the anastomosis.
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 31 (6.45%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Biliary colic due to gallstones.
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    0 / 28 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hospitalisation and surgery for ileus with adhesiolysis.
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    0 / 28 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Urinary tract infection.
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    0 / 28 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hospitalisation due to abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    0 / 28 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nausea and vomiting, attributed to protein drinks without suspicion of RYGB-related complications.
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    0 / 28 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hospitalisation due to incarcerated incisional hernia
    Additional description: Hospitalisation due to incarcerated incisional hernia.
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    0 / 28 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Viral upper respiratory tract infection.
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    0 / 28 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 0%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Intervention Placebo
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    26 / 31 (83.87%)
    19 / 28 (67.86%)
    Cardiac disorders
    Vasovagal episode
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    0 / 28 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Arterial hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    0 / 28 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Immune system disorders
    Gastroenteritis.
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 31 (0.00%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Elective ERCP with removal of stone from the common bile duct.
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 31 (0.00%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Abdominal pain.
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 31 (0.00%)
    2 / 28 (7.14%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Anastomotic ulcer at the gastrojejunal anastomosis.
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 31 (0.00%)
    2 / 28 (7.14%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Nephrolithiasis identified on CT scan.
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Hiatus hernia.
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 31 (0.00%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Stenosis at the upper anastomosis.
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    0 / 28 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Postprandial hypoglycaemia after RYGB.
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    0 / 28 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Vitamin D insufficiency.
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    0 / 28 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Hypocalcaemia
    Additional description: Hypocalcaemia (total calcium 2.13 mmol/L, corrected 2.18 mmol/L).
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    0 / 28 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Fall 2 with wound on tibia and subsequent infection; treated with roxithromycin; delayed
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 31 (6.45%)
    0 / 28 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Basal cell carcinoma of the scalp, excised.
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    0 / 28 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Removal of benign skin tumour on the nose.
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    0 / 28 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Haematoma after subcutaneous administration of study medication.
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    0 / 28 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Stafylokok infektion with wound in the skin
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 31 (0.00%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Benign prostatic hyperplasia.
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 31 (0.00%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Urinary tract infection.
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    0 / 28 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Elective surgery
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    0 / 28 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Flank pain and haematuria.
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 31 (0.00%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Transient elevation of serum creatinine (101 µmol/L), normalised on repeat testing.
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    0 / 28 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Menorrhagia; evaluated by gynaecologist without significant abnormalities; treated with intrauterine
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 31 (0.00%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Renal cyst.
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 31 (0.00%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Ureterolithiasis with hydronephrosis
    Additional description: Ureterolithiasis with hydronephrosis; treatment with stone extraction and JJ stent placement and exchange.
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 31 (0.00%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Knee osteoarthritis with increased pain and reduced walking distance.
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 31 (0.00%)
    2 / 28 (7.14%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Gout with pain in the right knee and great toe
    Additional description: Gout with pain in the right knee and great toe; treated with Dolol and Seractiv.
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Fall from bicycle with shoulder contusion
    Additional description: Fall from bicycle with shoulder contusion; no medical consultation sought.
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    0 / 28 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Broken RIB
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    0 / 28 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Fall with contusion of the shoulder.
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Fatigue, muscle tension and nocturnal restlessness in the legs.
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    0 / 28 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Joint swelling of knee and elbow.
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    0 / 28 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Myalgia of the upper extremities.
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 31 (0.00%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Pain in both knees after bariatric surgery.
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 31 (0.00%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Pain in hip and back.
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Phalanx fracture of the left third finger.
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 31 (0.00%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Shoulder pain with tendinopathy and bursitis.
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Infections and infestations
    Helicobacter pylori infection diagnosed by breath test.
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 31 (0.00%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    COVID infektion
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 31 (32.26%)
    4 / 28 (14.29%)
         occurrences all number
    12
    4
    Influenza-like symptoms after study medication.
         subjects affected / exposed
    15 / 31 (48.39%)
    6 / 28 (21.43%)
         occurrences all number
    15
    6
    Hemolytic streptococcal infection treated with penicillin.
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 31 (3.23%)
    0 / 28 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    04 Nov 2020
    Reduction of study duration The total trial period was reduced from 36 months to 24 months. This amendment was made following slower-than-expected recruitment during the initial phase of the study and alignment with the revised timeline for follow-up assessments. Introduction of IPAQ questionnaire The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was added to the data collection battery in order to capture self-reported physical activity levels throughout follow-up, complementing objective strength and physical function assessment Adjustment of sample size The planned number of participants was revised from 70 to 50. The revised sample size was considered sufficient to address the primary objective while taking into account enrollment feasibility and available study resources.
    18 Dec 2023
    Adjustment of sample size The planned number of participants was revised from 50 to 60. The revised sample size was considered sufficient to address the primary objective while taking into account enrollment feasibility and available study resources.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported

    Online references

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36209245
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39978415
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4117714
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    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

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