Clinical Trial Results:
A Phase 2 Multicenter Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel as First-Line Therapy in Subjects with High-Risk Large B-Cell Lymphoma (ZUMA-12)
Summary
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EudraCT number |
2019-002291-13 |
Trial protocol |
FR |
Global end of trial date |
12 Oct 2023
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Results information
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Results version number |
v2(current) |
This version publication date |
29 Nov 2024
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First version publication date |
18 Oct 2024
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Other versions |
v1 |
Version creation reason |
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Trial Information
Subject Disposition
Baseline Characteristics
End Points
Adverse Events
More Information
Subject Disposition
Baseline Characteristics
End Points
Adverse Events
More Information
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Trial identification
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Sponsor protocol code |
KTE-C19-112
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Additional study identifiers
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ISRCTN number |
- | ||
US NCT number |
NCT03761056 | ||
WHO universal trial number (UTN) |
- | ||
Sponsors
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Sponsor organisation name |
Gilead Sciences
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Sponsor organisation address |
333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA, United States, 94404
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Public contact |
Gilead Clinical Study Information Center, Gilead Sciences, GileadClinicalTrials@gilead.com
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Scientific contact |
Gilead Clinical Study Information Center, Gilead Sciences, GileadClinicalTrials@gilead.com
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Paediatric regulatory details
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Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP) |
No
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Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial? |
No
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Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial? |
No
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Results analysis stage
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Analysis stage |
Final
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Date of interim/final analysis |
12 Oct 2023
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Is this the analysis of the primary completion data? |
Yes
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Primary completion date |
12 Oct 2023
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Global end of trial reached? |
Yes
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Global end of trial date |
12 Oct 2023
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Was the trial ended prematurely? |
No
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General information about the trial
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Main objective of the trial |
The primary objective of this study was to estimate the efficacy of axicabtagene ciloleucel in participants with high-risk large B-cell lymphoma.
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Protection of trial subjects |
The protocol and consent/assent forms were submitted by each investigator to a duly constituted Independent Ethics Committee (IEC) or Institutional Review Board (IRB) for review and approval before study initiation. All revisions to the consent/assent forms (if applicable) after initial IEC/IRB approval were submitted by the investigator to the IEC/IRB for review and approval before implementation in accordance with regulatory requirements. This study was conducted in accordance with recognized international scientific and ethical standards, including but not limited to the International Conference on Harmonization guideline for Good Clinical Practice (ICH GCP) and the original principles embodied in the Declaration of Helsinki.
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Background therapy |
- | ||
Evidence for comparator |
- | ||
Actual start date of recruitment |
29 Jan 2019
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Long term follow-up planned |
Yes
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Long term follow-up rationale |
Safety | ||
Long term follow-up duration |
15 Years | ||
Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement? |
Yes
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Population of trial subjects
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Number of subjects enrolled per country |
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Country: Number of subjects enrolled |
Australia: 7
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Country: Number of subjects enrolled |
France: 2
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Country: Number of subjects enrolled |
United States: 33
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Worldwide total number of subjects |
42
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EEA total number of subjects |
2
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Number of subjects enrolled per age group |
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In utero |
0
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Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk |
0
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Newborns (0-27 days) |
0
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Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months) |
0
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Children (2-11 years) |
0
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Adolescents (12-17 years) |
0
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Adults (18-64 years) |
26
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From 65 to 84 years |
15
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85 years and over |
1
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Recruitment
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Recruitment details |
Participants were enrolled at study sites in the United States, France, and Australia. Completed in below table denotes participants Completed study and enrolled to long-term follow-up (LTFU) protocol, another study (KT-US-982-5968; NCT# NCT05041309). | ||||||||||||||||
Pre-assignment
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Screening details |
54 participants were screened. | ||||||||||||||||
Period 1
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Period 1 title |
Overall Study (overall period)
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Is this the baseline period? |
Yes | ||||||||||||||||
Allocation method |
Not applicable
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Blinding used |
Not blinded | ||||||||||||||||
Arms
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Arm title
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Axicabtagene Ciloleucel | ||||||||||||||||
Arm description |
Participants received cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m^2/day intravenously (IV) and fludarabine 30 mg/m^2/day IV conditioning chemotherapy for 3 days followed by axicabtagene ciloleucel administered as a single IV infusion at a target dose of 2 x 10^6 anti-cluster of differentiation (CD)19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) transduced autologous T cells/kg on Day 0. For participants weighing ≥ 100 kg, a maximum flat dose of axicabtagene ciloleucel at 2 x 10^8 anti-CD19 CAR T cells was administered. Participants who achieved partial response or complete response and subsequently experienced disease progression had an option to receive second course of conditioning chemotherapy therapy and axicabtagene ciloleucel. Participants received the same axicabtagene ciloleucel regimen as the original target dose anytime during the study (Up to 4 years). | ||||||||||||||||
Arm type |
Experimental | ||||||||||||||||
Investigational medicinal product name |
Axicabtagene Ciloleucel
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Investigational medicinal product code |
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Other name |
Yescarta
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Pharmaceutical forms |
Injection/infusion
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Routes of administration |
Infusion
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Dosage and administration details |
A single infusion of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-transduced autologous T cells.
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Baseline characteristics reporting groups
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Reporting group title |
Axicabtagene Ciloleucel
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Reporting group description |
Participants received cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m^2/day intravenously (IV) and fludarabine 30 mg/m^2/day IV conditioning chemotherapy for 3 days followed by axicabtagene ciloleucel administered as a single IV infusion at a target dose of 2 x 10^6 anti-cluster of differentiation (CD)19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) transduced autologous T cells/kg on Day 0. For participants weighing ≥ 100 kg, a maximum flat dose of axicabtagene ciloleucel at 2 x 10^8 anti-CD19 CAR T cells was administered. Participants who achieved partial response or complete response and subsequently experienced disease progression had an option to receive second course of conditioning chemotherapy therapy and axicabtagene ciloleucel. Participants received the same axicabtagene ciloleucel regimen as the original target dose anytime during the study (Up to 4 years). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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End points reporting groups
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Reporting group title |
Axicabtagene Ciloleucel
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Reporting group description |
Participants received cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m^2/day intravenously (IV) and fludarabine 30 mg/m^2/day IV conditioning chemotherapy for 3 days followed by axicabtagene ciloleucel administered as a single IV infusion at a target dose of 2 x 10^6 anti-cluster of differentiation (CD)19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) transduced autologous T cells/kg on Day 0. For participants weighing ≥ 100 kg, a maximum flat dose of axicabtagene ciloleucel at 2 x 10^8 anti-CD19 CAR T cells was administered. Participants who achieved partial response or complete response and subsequently experienced disease progression had an option to receive second course of conditioning chemotherapy therapy and axicabtagene ciloleucel. Participants received the same axicabtagene ciloleucel regimen as the original target dose anytime during the study (Up to 4 years). |
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End point title |
Complete Response (CR) Rate per the Lugano Classification as Determined by Study Investigators [1] | ||||||||
End point description |
CR Rate is the percentage of participants with CR (complete metabolic response (CMR); complete radiological response (CRR)). CMR: positron emission tomography (PET) 5-point scale (5-PS) scores of 1 (no uptake above background), 2 (uptake ≤ mediastinum), 3 (uptake > mediastinum but ≤ liver) with/without a residual mass); no new lesions; and no evidence of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid disease in bone marrow (BM). CRR: target nodes/nodal masses regressed to ≤ 1.5 cm in longest transverse diameter of lesion (LDi); no extralymphatic sites of disease; absent non-measured lesion (NMLs); organ enlargement regress to normal; no new sites; and bone marrow normal by morphology.
The Response Evaluable Analysis Set included participants who were enrolled and treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel at a dose of at least 1 x 10^6 anti-CD19 CAR T cells/kg, and centrally confirmed disease type (double-/triple- hit lymphomas) or International Prognostic Index (IPI) score ≥ 3.
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End point type |
Primary
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End point timeframe |
Up to 4 years
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Notes [1] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point. Justification: The statistical analyses were not available for this endpoint. Only descriptive data provided were analysed. The CR rate targeted in this study was 60%. |
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No statistical analyses for this end point |
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End point title |
Objective Response Rate (ORR) per the Lugano Classification as Determined by Study Investigators | ||||||||
End point description |
ORR: percentage of participants with CR (CMR;CRR) or PR (partial metabolic response (PMR); partial radiologic response (PRR)). CMR and CRR defined in OM 1. PMR: scores 4 (uptake moderately >liver),5 (uptake markedly >liver, new lesions) with reduced uptake compared with baseline and residual mass; no new lesions; responding disease at interim/residual disease at end of treatment (EOT). PRR: ≥50% decrease in sum of the product of perpendicular diameters (SPD) of up to 6 target measurable nodes and extra-nodal sites; absent/normal, regressed, but no increase of NMLs; spleen regressed by >50% in length beyond normal; no new sites.
Participants in the Response Evaluable Analysis Set were analyzed.
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End point type |
Secondary
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End point timeframe |
Up to 4 years
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No statistical analyses for this end point |
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End point title |
Duration of Response (DOR) per the Lugano Classification | ||||||||
End point description |
DOR applied to participants who had OR after axicabtagene ciloleucel infusion. DOR: Time from first OR to disease progression (PD) or death from any cause. OR was defined in endpoint 2. PD: a score 4 (uptake moderately >liver) or 5 (uptake markedly >liver and/or new lesions) with increase in intensity of uptake from baseline; new FDG-avid foci consistent with lymphoma at interim or end of treatment assessment; new FDG-avid foci consistent with lymphoma rather than another etiology (eg, infection, inflammation); new or recurrent FDG-avid foci in bone marrow.
Participants in Response Evaluable Analysis Set with OR were analyzed. Participants not meeting criteria by data cutoff date were censored at last evaluable disease assessment date/new anti-lymphoma therapy start (with stem cell transplant or retreatment of axicabtagene ciloleucel), whichever was earlier. KM estimates were used for analysis. '9999' means data not available due to low number of participants with events.
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End point type |
Secondary
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End point timeframe |
Up to 4 years
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No statistical analyses for this end point |
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End point title |
Event-Free Survival (EFS) | ||||||||
End point description |
EFS was defined as the time from axicabtagene ciloleucel infusion date to earliest date of PD (Lugano classification), commencement of subsequent new anti-lymphoma therapy including stem cell transplant, or death from any cause. PD is defined in endpoint 3 (DOR).
Participants in Response Evaluable Analysis Set were analyzed. Participants not meeting the criteria by analysis data cutoff date were censored at their last evaluable disease assessment date. '9999' means data not available as participants were censored. KM estimates were used for analysis.
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End point type |
Secondary
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End point timeframe |
Up to 4 years
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No statistical analyses for this end point |
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End point title |
Progression-Free Survival (PFS) | ||||||||
End point description |
PFS was defined as the time from axicabtagene ciloleucel infusion date to the date of disease progression per Lugano classification or death from any cause.
Participants in Response Evaluable Analysis Set were analyzed. Participants not meeting the criteria by analysis data cutoff date were censored at their last evaluable disease assessment date or new antilymphoma therapy start date (with stem cell transplant or retreatment of axicabtagene ciloleucel) whichever was earlier. PD is defined in endpoint 3. '9999' means data not available as participants were censored.
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End point type |
Secondary
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End point timeframe |
Up to 4 years
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No statistical analyses for this end point |
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End point title |
Overall Survival (OS) | ||||||||
End point description |
OS is defined as the time from axicabtagene ciloleucel infusion to the date of death from any cause.
Participants in Response Evaluable Analysis Set were analyzed. Participants who did not die by the analysis data cutoff date were
censored at their last known alive date prior to the data cutoff date with the exception that participants known to be alive or
determined to have died after the data cutoff date were to be censored at the data cutoff date. '9999' means data not available due to low number of participants with events. KM estimates were used for analysis.
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End point type |
Secondary
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End point timeframe |
Up to 4 years
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No statistical analyses for this end point |
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End point title |
Percentage of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Treatment-Emergent Serious Adverse Events (SAE) | ||||||||||||
End point description |
An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant in a clinical trial participant, which did not necessarily have a causal relationship with the treatment. Treatment-emergent adverse events were defined as any adverse event with onset on or after the axicabtagene ciloleucel infusion. Serious adverse event was defined as an event that resulted in the following: death; life-threatening situation; in-patient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization; persistent or significant disability or incapacity; congenital anomaly or birth defect; and medically important event or reaction.
Safety Analysis Set included all participants treated with any dose of axicabtagene ciloleucel.
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End point type |
Secondary
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End point timeframe |
Up to 2 years
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No statistical analyses for this end point |
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End point title |
Percentage of Participants Experiencing Laboratory Toxicity Grade Shifts to Grade 3 or Higher Resulting From Increased Parameter Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
End point description |
Grading categories were determined by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0.
Participants in Safety Analysis Set were analyzed.
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End point type |
Secondary
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End point timeframe |
Up to 2 years
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No statistical analyses for this end point |
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End point title |
Percentage of Participants Experiencing Laboratory Toxicity Grade Shifts to Grade 3 or Higher Resulting From Decreased Parameter Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
End point description |
Grading categories were determined by CTCAE version 5.0.
Participants in Safety Analysis Set were analyzed.
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End point type |
Secondary
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End point timeframe |
Up to 2 years
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No statistical analyses for this end point |
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End point title |
Relapse with Central Nervous Disease (CNS) Disease | ||||||||
End point description |
Relapse with CNS disease was defined as the time from the axicabtagene ciloleucel infusion date to the earliest date of CNS involvement with lymphoma as determined by typical symptoms, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) evaluation, and/or diagnostic imaging.
Participants in Response Evaluable Analysis Set with available data were analyzed.
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End point type |
Secondary
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End point timeframe |
Up to 4 years
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No statistical analyses for this end point |
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End point title |
Pharmacokinetics: Peak Level of Anti-CD19 CAR T Cells in Blood | ||||||||
End point description |
Peak was defined as the maximum number of CAR T cells in blood measured after infusion.
Participants in Safety Analysis Set were analyzed.
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End point type |
Secondary
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End point timeframe |
Up to Month 24
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No statistical analyses for this end point |
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End point title |
Peak Serum Level of Granzyme B, Interferon-gamma (IFNg), Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
End point description |
Peak is defined as the maximum post-baseline level of cytokine from baseline to Week 4.
Participants in Safety Analysis Set were analyzed.
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End point type |
Secondary
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End point timeframe |
Up to Week 4
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No statistical analyses for this end point |
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End point title |
Peak Serum Level of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) | ||||||||
End point description |
Peak is defined as the maximum post-baseline level of cytokine from baseline to Week 4.
Participants in Safety Analysis Set were analyzed.
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End point type |
Secondary
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End point timeframe |
Up to Week 4
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No statistical analyses for this end point |
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End point title |
Peak Serum Level of Ferritin | ||||||||
End point description |
Peak is defined as the maximum post-baseline level of cytokine from baseline to Week 4.
Participants in Safety Analysis Set were analyzed.
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End point type |
Secondary
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End point timeframe |
Up to Week 4
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No statistical analyses for this end point |
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End point title |
Time to Peak Serum Level of Granzyme B, Interferon-gamma (IFNg), Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, CRP, and Ferritin | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
End point description |
Time to peak is defined as the number of days from axicabtagene ciloleucel infusion to the date when the cytokine first reached the maximum post-baseline level.
Participants in Safety Analysis Set were analyzed.
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End point type |
Secondary
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End point timeframe |
Up to Week 4
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No statistical analyses for this end point |
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Adverse events information
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Timeframe for reporting adverse events |
All-cause mortality: Up to 4 years; Adverse events: Up to 2 years
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Adverse event reporting additional description |
All-cause mortality: All Enrolled Analysis Set included all enrolled/leukapheresed participants.
Adverse Events: Axicabtagene Ciloleucel arm: Safety Analysis Set included all participants treated with any dose of study drug.
Retreatment arm: Safety Retreatment Analysis Set included all participants who underwent retreatment with study drug.
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Assessment type |
Systematic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
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Dictionary name |
MedDRA | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dictionary version |
26.1
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Reporting groups
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Reporting group title |
Retreatment Axicabtagene Ciloleucel
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Reporting group description |
Participants who achieved partial response or complete response and subsequently experienced disease progression had an option to receive second course of conditioning chemotherapy therapy and axicabtagene ciloleucel. Participants received the same axicabtagene ciloleucel regimen as the original target dose anytime during the study (Up to 4 years). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reporting group title |
Axicabtagene Ciloleucel
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Reporting group description |
Participants received 500 mg/m^2 cyclophosphamide IV and 30 mg/m^2/day fludarabine IV conditioning chemotherapy for 3 days followed by axicabtagene ciloleucel administered as a single IV infusion at a target dose of 2 x 10^6 anti-CD19 CAR T cells/kg on Day 0. For participants weighing ≥ 100 kg, a maximum flat dose of axicabtagene ciloleucel at 2 x 10^8 anti-CD19 CAR T cells was administered. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Substantial protocol amendments (globally) |
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Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes | |||
Date |
Amendment |
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14 Aug 2019 |
• Clarified the indication language to include “LBCL with a high-intermediate-/high-risk IPI score of ≥ 3; all subjects must have positive PET after 2 cycles (PET2+) of chemoimmunotherapy.”
• Updated the DSMB meeting content, frequency, and the inclusion of an interim analysis. Changed language from reviewing SAE information and SUSARs on a “regular basis” to “semi-annual basis” throughout subject treatment in the study.
• Clarified DLBCL subtypes based upon the 2016 revision of the WHO classification and added additional disease background information
• Clarified language for neurological examination frequency from “every other day” to read as “a neurological examination should be done prior to axicabtagene ciloleucel infusion on treatment Day 0, then on Day 1, Day 3, Day 5, and Day 7 during the observation period, which must last a minimum of 7 days.”
• Added language allowing for PET-CT done as a screening procedure for disease assessment, as needed, and clarified that disease assessments will be evaluated per the Lugano classification
• Changed acetaminophen dosage from “650 mg PO or equivalent” to “500 to 1000 mg taken orally or equivalent”, changed diphenhydramine range to “12.5 to 25 mg administered either orally or intravenously or equivalent”
• Added duration for enrolled subjects in the long-term follow-up for up to 15 years, if applicable
• Updated several aspects of the summary of assessments, including:
• Added new footnotes to the SOA for country-specific assessments, including pregnancy testing and serologic testing
• Added a blood draw for minimum residual disease testing at Week 4, Month 3, and Month 6
• Added “stable disease” as a potential outcome for best response to treatment |
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25 Mar 2022 |
• A LTFU study was developed to allow for rollover of participants to complete the 15-year follow-up after infusion of axicabtagene ciloleucel on ZUMA-12. The protocol was amended to provide the opportunity for participants to roll over to the LTFU study for safety follow-up and reduced burden of study-specific assessments.
• The AE and SAE reporting period was extended from 24 months to 15 years. A US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) mandate on the LTFU study required targeted AE/SAE reporting up to 15 years for all participants who received axicabtagene ciloleucel. The collection of targeted AE/SAEs was therefore extended in ZUMA-12 to prevent reporting gaps before participant transition to the LTFU study. |
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14 Jun 2022 |
• The introduction of a time limit for optional retreatment. If a participant is eligible and wishes to undergo retreatment, they must do so within 24 months after their initial axicabtagene ciloleucel infusion.
• The option of investigational product retreatment has been removed from the LTFU study. Participants will not be able to undergo retreatment once they roll over from the ZUMA-12 study to the LTFU study. |
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Interruptions (globally) |
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Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No | |||
Limitations and caveats |
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Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data. | |||
None reported |