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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Intratympanic injection of N-acetylcysteine for prevention of Cisplatine-induced ototoxicity

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2019-004463-44
    Trial protocol
    BE  
    Global end of trial date
    03 Sep 2023

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    07 Nov 2023
    First version publication date
    07 Nov 2023
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    CHUB-NAC
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT04226456
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Departement of ENT and head&neck surgery
    Sponsor organisation address
    Rue Haute 322, Brussels, Belgium,
    Public contact
    Gaëtan Cavelier, Department of ENT and Head&Neck Surgery of CHU Saint Pierre, 0032 02535 42 67, gaetan_cavelier@stpierre-bru.be
    Scientific contact
    Gaëtan Cavelier, Department of ENT and Head&Neck Surgery of CHU Saint Pierre, 0032 02535 42 67, gaetan_cavelier@stpierre-bru.be
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    03 Sep 2023
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    03 Sep 2023
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    03 Sep 2023
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    Yes
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    The primary objective of this trial is to evaluate the protecting effect of Lysomucil® 10% against Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. In this case, we will evaluate its effect through the transtympanic administration in both ears.
    Protection of trial subjects
    Local anesthesia of the eardrum was made with xylocain 10% before the injection for patients in the interventional arm. For those patients, tramadol 50mg sublingual was administered prior to the injection and could be given again after the injection if needed in order to control the pain induced by the IMP.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    03 Feb 2020
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Belgium: 19
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    19
    EEA total number of subjects
    19
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    14
    From 65 to 84 years
    5
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    The recruitment started in February 2020, 7 months late because of SARS-CoV2 pandemic, and early end of recruitment was declared on 4th February 2023 because of poor accrual. The recruitment only occurred in Belgium, more specifically at CHU Saint-Pierre Hospital in Brussels.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    Thirty-seven patients were assessed for eligibility. Of these, 19 were randomized. Nine patients refused to participate. 2 were not eligible because the oncologist changed the chemotherapy before the visit of eligibility and 7 had exclusion criteria.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall trial (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    NAC (intervention)
    Arm description
    Arm of intervention. Patients received N-acetylcysteine injection during each cisplatin cycle.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    N-acetylcystein 10%
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Lysomucil®
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Injection
    Routes of administration
    Auricular use
    Dosage and administration details
    N-acetylcysteine 10% was administered through transtympanic injection using a 26-gauge syringe until the middle ear of both ears was filled (0.4-1ml). The injections were administered 40 to 60 minutes maximum prior to each Cisplatin cycle. After the injection, patients remained motionless in a neutral head position with the thorax elevated 30° for horizontal position for 30 to 40 minutes.

    Arm title
    Control arm
    Arm description
    Control arm. Patients did not receive any other treatment during cisplatin cycle.
    Arm type
    No intervention

    Investigational medicinal product name
    No investigational medicinal product assigned in this arm
    Number of subjects in period 1
    NAC (intervention) Control arm
    Started
    10
    9
    Completed
    5
    6
    Not completed
    5
    3
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    3
    -
         Deceased by main disease
    1
    2
         excluded because in another clinical trial
    1
    -
         Protocol deviation
    -
    1

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Overall trial
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group values
    Overall trial Total
    Number of subjects
    19 19
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    0
        From 65-84 years
    0
        85 years and over
    0
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        median (standard deviation)
    57.2 ± 10.9 -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    4 4
        Male
    15 15

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    NAC (intervention)
    Reporting group description
    Arm of intervention. Patients received N-acetylcysteine injection during each cisplatin cycle.

    Reporting group title
    Control arm
    Reporting group description
    Control arm. Patients did not receive any other treatment during cisplatin cycle.

    Primary: Ototoxicity

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    End point title
    Ototoxicity
    End point description
    Primary endpoint is the apparition of ototoxicity (taken as a binary indicator) as defined by the International Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), version 5: - A Threshold shift of 15 - 25 dB averaged at 2 contiguous test frequencies in at least one ear - and/or the apparition of a tinnitus (not previously present).
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    The primary endpoint was measured at 6 months after the last Cisplatin cycle and compared to the baseline between the two arms.
    End point values
    NAC (intervention) Control arm
    Number of subjects analysed
    5
    6
    Units: Presence or absence
        Presence
    3
    3
        Absence
    2
    3
    Statistical analysis title
    Ototoxicity analysis
    Statistical analysis description
    The presence of ototoxicity at 6 months after the last cycle of Cisplatin baseline was reported as a proportion with its exact 95% confidence interval. The statistical significance of the results was measured by the Fisher’s Exact Test of Independence. The appearance of an ototoxicity (taken as a binary indicator) was defined using the CTCAE, V.5: a threshold shift of 15 - 25 dB averaged at 2 contiguous test frequencies in at least one ear, and/or the appearance of a tinnitus.
    Comparison groups
    Control arm v NAC (intervention)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    11
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.61
    Method
    Fisher exact
    Confidence interval

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    The adverse event assessment was made throughout the period of the trial. We started on the date of the first patient "in" until the declaration of end of trial.
    Assessment type
    Non-systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    5
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    NAC arm
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group title
    Control arm
    Reporting group description
    -

    Serious adverse events
    NAC arm Control arm
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 9 (66.67%)
    6 / 8 (75.00%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    1
    2
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Neutropenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 9 (55.56%)
    2 / 8 (25.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 5
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hyponatraemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 9 (0.00%)
    1 / 8 (12.50%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 9 (11.11%)
    1 / 8 (12.50%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Death
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 9 (11.11%)
    2 / 8 (25.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
    Massive hemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 9 (0.00%)
    1 / 8 (12.50%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Ear and labyrinth disorders
    Ear pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 9 (22.22%)
    0 / 8 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Diverticulitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 9 (0.00%)
    1 / 8 (12.50%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Perforated ulcer
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 9 (11.11%)
    0 / 8 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Immune-induced colitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 9 (0.00%)
    1 / 8 (12.50%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    COVID-19 pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 9 (0.00%)
    2 / 8 (25.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Acute respiratory distress syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 9 (11.11%)
    1 / 8 (12.50%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Mucosal erosion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 9 (11.11%)
    1 / 8 (12.50%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Renal failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 9 (11.11%)
    1 / 8 (12.50%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Endocrine disorders
    Immune-induced diabetes
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 9 (0.00%)
    1 / 8 (12.50%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Febrile neutropenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 9 (0.00%)
    1 / 8 (12.50%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Unknown infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 9 (11.11%)
    0 / 8 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Dysphagia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 9 (11.11%)
    1 / 8 (12.50%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nutritional condition abnormal
    Additional description: denutrition with need of hospitalisation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 9 (11.11%)
    3 / 8 (37.50%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    NAC arm Control arm
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 9 (100.00%)
    7 / 8 (87.50%)
    Cardiac disorders
    Hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 9 (11.11%)
    0 / 8 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 9 (0.00%)
    1 / 8 (12.50%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    3
    Ear and labyrinth disorders
    Ear pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 9 (88.89%)
    0 / 8 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    0
    Pulsatile Tinnitus
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 9 (22.22%)
    0 / 8 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 9 (11.11%)
    2 / 8 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    3
    Odynophagia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 9 (11.11%)
    2 / 8 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    2
    Dysgeusia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 9 (11.11%)
    3 / 8 (37.50%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    3
    xerostomia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 9 (0.00%)
    1 / 8 (12.50%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Denutrition
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 9 (0.00%)
    1 / 8 (12.50%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    06 May 2021
    1) Protocol version 3.0 dated 03 May 2021: We decided to modify our exclusion criteria as they excluded to many patients and were not consistent with our clinical practice. Indeed, N-acetylcystein (NAC) has demonstrated protective effects against cisplatin induced ototoxicity in previous clinical trials (ref 14,15 of the protocol). In these trials, only one ear was injected with N-acetylcystein while the other was control or receiving another drug. In these studies, authors excluded patients with middle ear disease or eardrum perforation. We have begun our trial with 2 of our exclusion criteria: - Pathological findings on otoscopy that do not allow safe intratympanic drug delivery and reliable distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) testing. - Conductive hearing loss > 10dBHL. The problem of those criteria is that we had to exclude patients with serous media otitis. However, patients with rhinopharynx carcinoma often suffer from this condition and need transtympanic drainage to restore their hearing. The primary objective of our trial is to evaluate the protecting effect of NAC 10% against Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. In this case, we will evaluate its effect through the transtympanic administration in both ears. If the treatment is contributive, we aim to implement it as the future gold standard to prevent cisplatin induced ototoxicity. In order to do it, we need to show that the treatment is effective in clinical practice. In clinical practice, the first line of treatment of patient with rhinopharynx treatment is radiotherapy and radiochemotherapy with cisplatin. Therefore, we deleted the exclusion by the impossibility to allow reliable DPOAEs testing as with a transtympanic drainage, DPOAEs will often be impossible to test. We decided to extend to conductive hearing loss up to 20 dBHL as patients with tympanic drainage will often have a small conductive hearing loss less than 20 dBHL. 2) The reference safety information was updated for NAC.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    The major limitation of our trial in the small number of patients recruited and a higher dropout rate than expected. Only half of the patients recruited completed the study. The SARS-Cov2 pandemic delayed the recruitment beginning.
    For support, Contact us.
    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

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