Flag of the European Union EU Clinical Trials Register Help

Clinical trials

The European Union Clinical Trials Register   allows you to search for protocol and results information on:
  • interventional clinical trials that were approved in the European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA) under the Clinical Trials Directive 2001/20/EC
  • clinical trials conducted outside the EU/EEA that are linked to European paediatric-medicine development

  • EU/EEA interventional clinical trials approved under or transitioned to the Clinical Trial Regulation 536/2014 are publicly accessible through the
    Clinical Trials Information System (CTIS).


    The EU Clinical Trials Register currently displays   44335   clinical trials with a EudraCT protocol, of which   7366   are clinical trials conducted with subjects less than 18 years old.   The register also displays information on   18700   older paediatric trials (in scope of Article 45 of the Paediatric Regulation (EC) No 1901/2006).

    Phase 1 trials conducted solely on adults and that are not part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP) are not publicly available (see Frequently Asked Questions ).  
     
    Examples: Cancer AND drug name. Pneumonia AND sponsor name.
    How to search [pdf]
    Search Tips: Under advanced search you can use filters for Country, Age Group, Gender, Trial Phase, Trial Status, Date Range, Rare Diseases and Orphan Designation. For these items you should use the filters and not add them to your search terms in the text field.
    Advanced Search: Search tools
     

    < Back to search results

    Download PDF

    Clinical Trial Results:
    Prospective open-label randomized controlled phase 2b clinical study in parallel groups for the assessment of efficacy and safety of immune therapy with COVID-19 convalescent plasma plus standard treatment vs. standard treatment alone of subjects with severe COVID-19

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2020-002122-82
    Trial protocol
    DE  
    Global end of trial date
    18 Apr 2023

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    26 Jun 2024
    First version publication date
    26 Jun 2024
    Other versions

    Trial information

    Close Top of page
    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    UKER-COV2-01
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT04712344
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
    Sponsor organisation address
    Maximiliansplatz 2, Erlangen, Germany, 91054
    Public contact
    Transfusionsmedizinische Abteilung, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 0049 91318536346, holger.hackstein@uk-erlangen.de
    Scientific contact
    Transfusionsmedizinische Abteilung, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 0049 91318536346, holger.hackstein@uk-erlangen.de
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    06 Nov 2023
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    18 Apr 2023
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    18 Apr 2023
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    Assessment of impact of immune therapy with COVID-19 convalescent plasma on severity of COVID-19
    Protection of trial subjects
    Vigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria; close monitoring visits
    Background therapy
    standard of care
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    18 Jan 2021
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Germany: 53
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    53
    EEA total number of subjects
    53
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    29
    From 65 to 84 years
    24
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

    Close Top of page
    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Patient recruitment was performed on 4 ICUs at the University Hospital Erlangen and the Hospital Nürnberg Süd

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    florid SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by PCR, ARDS with Horovitz index <300mmHg, necessity of invasive mechanical ventilation

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Treatment period (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded
    Blinding implementation details
    n.a.

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Treatment
    Arm description
    COVID-19 convalescent plasma + best medical care
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    COVID-19 Immunplasma FAU
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    COVID-19 convalescent plasma
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    single dose: strength 0,89 (0,87-0,91) ml/ml; quantity 200-300ml; solution for infusion after thawing, i.v. drip within approx. 60minutes; total dose: three units during day1 and day2

    Arm title
    Control
    Arm description
    best medical care
    Arm type
    No intervention

    Investigational medicinal product name
    No investigational medicinal product assigned in this arm
    Number of subjects in period 1
    Treatment Control
    Started
    26
    27
    Completed
    26
    27

    Baseline characteristics

    Close Top of page
    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Treatment
    Reporting group description
    COVID-19 convalescent plasma + best medical care

    Reporting group title
    Control
    Reporting group description
    best medical care

    Reporting group values
    Treatment Control Total
    Number of subjects
    26 27 53
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    0
        From 65-84 years
    0
        85 years and over
    0
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    64.12 ( 11.96 ) 62.04 ( 9.30 ) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    6 5 11
        Male
    20 22 42
    Smoker
    Units: Subjects
        Smoker
    2 3 5
        Non-smoker
    18 15 33
        Unknown
    6 9 15
    BMI
    Units: kilogram(s)/square metre
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    29.35 ( 5.65 ) 29.68 ( 5.40 ) -

    End points

    Close Top of page
    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Treatment
    Reporting group description
    COVID-19 convalescent plasma + best medical care

    Reporting group title
    Control
    Reporting group description
    best medical care

    Primary: Change in SOFA score until day 8

    Close Top of page
    End point title
    Change in SOFA score until day 8
    End point description
    Missing values, ECMO, death or rescue therapy before day 8 triggered LOCF
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    From baseline visit (day 1, visit 2) to day 8 (visit 9)
    End point values
    Treatment Control
    Number of subjects analysed
    26
    27
    Units: none
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    -1.58 ( 3.07 )
    -1.04 ( 2.99 )
    Statistical analysis title
    Analysis of primary endpoint
    Comparison groups
    Treatment v Control
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    53
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.26
    Method
    t-test, 1-sided
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (final values)
    Point estimate
    0.54
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    1-sided
         lower limit
    -
         upper limit
    0.86

    Secondary: Rescue therapy

    Close Top of page
    End point title
    Rescue therapy
    End point description
    all available values (no LOCF)
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    day 8 (visit 9)
    End point values
    Treatment Control
    Number of subjects analysed
    26
    27
    Units: subject
    4
    9
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: ECMO until day 8

    Close Top of page
    End point title
    ECMO until day 8
    End point description
    all available values (no LOCF)
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From baseline visit (day 1) until and including day 8 (visit 9)
    End point values
    Treatment Control
    Number of subjects analysed
    26
    27
    Units: day
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    0.35 ( 1.13 )
    0.74 ( 1.77 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: ECMO until day 15

    Close Top of page
    End point title
    ECMO until day 15
    End point description
    all available values (no LOCF)
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From baseline visit (day 1) until and including day 15 (visit 13)
    End point values
    Treatment Control
    Number of subjects analysed
    26
    27
    Units: day
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    0.92 ( 2.35 )
    1.67 ( 3.83 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: ECMO until day 29

    Close Top of page
    End point title
    ECMO until day 29
    End point description
    all available values (no LOCF)
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From baseline visit (day 1) until and including day 29 (visit 15)
    End point values
    Treatment Control
    Number of subjects analysed
    26
    27
    Units: day
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    2.08 ( 5.43 )
    2.81 ( 5.88 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Invasive mechanical ventilation until day 8

    Close Top of page
    End point title
    Invasive mechanical ventilation until day 8
    End point description
    all available values (no LOCF)
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From baseline visit (day 1) until and including day 8 (visit 9)
    End point values
    Treatment Control
    Number of subjects analysed
    26
    27
    Units: day
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    7.81 ( 0.49 )
    7.85 ( 0.46 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Invasive mechanical ventilation until day 15

    Close Top of page
    End point title
    Invasive mechanical ventilation until day 15
    End point description
    all available values (no LOCF)
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From baseline visit (day 1) until and including day 15 (visit 13)
    End point values
    Treatment Control
    Number of subjects analysed
    26
    27
    Units: day
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    11.77 ( 2.27 )
    12.33 ( 2.37 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Invasive mechanical ventilation until day 29

    Close Top of page
    End point title
    Invasive mechanical ventilation until day 29
    End point description
    all available values (no LOCF)
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From baseline visit (day 1) until and including day 29 (visit 15)
    End point values
    Treatment Control
    Number of subjects analysed
    26
    27
    Units: day
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    16.88 ( 8.35 )
    17.59 ( 7.81 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Survival until day 29

    Close Top of page
    End point title
    Survival until day 29
    End point description
    subjects alive at day 29; all available values (no LOCF)
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Until day 29 (visit 15)
    End point values
    Treatment Control
    Number of subjects analysed
    26
    27
    Units: subject
    19
    19
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Survival until EoS (day 61, visit 16)

    Close Top of page
    End point title
    Survival until EoS (day 61, visit 16)
    End point description
    subjects alive at day 61; all available values (no LOCF)
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Until EoS (day 61, visit 16)
    End point values
    Treatment Control
    Number of subjects analysed
    26
    27
    Units: subject
    19
    16
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change in SOFA score to all subsequent visits

    Close Top of page
    End point title
    Change in SOFA score to all subsequent visits
    End point description
    all available values (no LOCF)
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    from baseline until visit 3 (day 2), visit 4 (day 3), visit 5 (day 4), visit 6 (day 5), visit 7 (day 6), visit 8 (day 9), visit 9 (day 8), visit 10 (day 9), visit 11 (day 10), visit 12 (day 11), visit 13 (day 15), visit 14 (day 22), visit 15 (day 29)
    End point values
    Treatment Control
    Number of subjects analysed
    7 [1]
    7 [2]
    Units: none
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    -3.43 ( 3.46 )
    -2.71 ( 5.06 )
    Attachments
    Change in SOFA score baseline subsequent visits
    Notes
    [1] - see table, N
    [2] - see table, N
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

    Close Top of page
    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    From Baseline Visit (Visit 2, day 1) until day 11 (Visit 12)
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    26.1
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Safety Evaluation Set
    Reporting group description
    all randomized subjects

    Serious adverse events
    Safety Evaluation Set
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    18 / 53 (33.96%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    11
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Endotracheal intubation complication
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Traumatic haemothorax
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Vascular disorders
    Embolism arterial
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Cardiac arrest
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Acute respiratory distress syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 53 (13.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 7
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 7
    Pneumothorax
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Respiratory disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 53 (5.66%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Lung assist device therapy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Acute kidney injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 53 (7.55%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Infections and infestations
    Infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 2%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Safety Evaluation Set
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    53 / 53 (100.00%)
    Vascular disorders
    Haemodynamic instability
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 53 (3.77%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Shock
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 53 (3.77%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Surgical and medical procedures
    Antibiotic therapy
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 53 (9.43%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    Haemodialysis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Hyperthermia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Hypothermia
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 53 (13.21%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    16 / 53 (30.19%)
         occurrences all number
    17
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Acute respiratory distress syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 53 (9.43%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    Respiratory failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 53 (7.55%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Psychiatric disorders
    Delirium
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 53 (5.66%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Investigations
    Alanine aminotransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Blood bilirubin increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    22 / 53 (41.51%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Blood creatine phosphokinase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 53 (5.66%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Blood creatinine increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Blood lactic acid increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    12 / 53 (22.64%)
         occurrences all number
    15
    Blood triglycerides increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Blood urea increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    C-reactive protein increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 53 (5.66%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Haemoglobin decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Transaminases
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Transaminases increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 53 (7.55%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Cardiac disorders
    Atrial fibrillation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Cardiovascular insufficiency
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Nervous system disorders
    Seizure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 53 (3.77%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Coagulopathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Thrombocytopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Anal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Gastrooesophageal reflux disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 53 (3.77%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Ileus
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 53 (3.77%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Ileus paralytic
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Subileus
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 53 (3.77%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Cholestasis
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 53 (18.87%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    Hepatic failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Hepatic function abnormal
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 53 (9.43%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    Liver disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 53 (9.43%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    Liver injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 53 (3.77%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Subcutaneous emphysema
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Acute kidney injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 53 (24.53%)
         occurrences all number
    13
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Muscle haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Infections and infestations
    Aspergillus infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Herpes simplex
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Herpes simplex reactivation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    14 / 53 (26.42%)
         occurrences all number
    15
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Proteus infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Staphylococcal infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 53 (3.77%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Superinfection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Superinfection bacterial
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 53 (3.77%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Catabolic state
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Hyperchloraemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    18 / 53 (33.96%)
         occurrences all number
    19
    Hyperglycaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Hyperkalaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 53 (5.66%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Hyperlactacidaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 53 (15.09%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    Hypernatraemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    14 / 53 (26.42%)
         occurrences all number
    15
    Hypervolaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Hypoglycaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Hyponatraemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
         occurrences all number
    1

    More information

    Close Top of page

    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    06 Oct 2020
    Extension of IMP shelf life (6 -> 12 months); extension of manufacturing authorization
    08 Dec 2020
    Addition of new tertiary endpoints
    16 Jun 2021
    Rescue medication allowed after day 8 (primary endpoint); virus mutation analysis added; long term follow-up for Post-COVID syndrome added; AE-recording adapted
    15 Mar 2022
    variables for statistical analysis added
    31 May 2022
    Recruitment prematurely terminated (as only very few patients still required intensive medical care for COVID-19)

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    recruitment prematurely terminated (53 instead of 58 subjects)
    For support, Contact us.
    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

    European Medicines Agency © 1995-Fri May 09 16:08:09 CEST 2025 | Domenico Scarlattilaan 6, 1083 HS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    EMA HMA