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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A Randomised Controlled Trial of plasma exchange with standard of care compared to standard of care alone in the treatment of severe COVID-19 infection (COVIPLEX)

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2020-002668-29
    Trial protocol
    GB  
    Global end of trial date
    31 Jan 2022

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    21 Oct 2023
    First version publication date
    21 Oct 2023
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    132796
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    -
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    University College London
    Sponsor organisation address
    Gower Street, London, United Kingdom, WC1E 6BT
    Public contact
    Joint Research Office, University College London, ctimps@ucl.ac.uk
    Scientific contact
    Professor Marie Scully, University College London, m.scully@ucl.ac.uk
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    25 Apr 2023
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    31 Jan 2022
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    31 Jan 2022
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To compare the reduction in inflammatory markers between Plasma Exchange (PEX) and control group in patients with severe COVID.
    Protection of trial subjects
    1.Central vascath insertion: There is a risk of pain, infection and bleeding or thrombosis with central vascath insertion. All the central lines are put in by a defined trained group within the trust i.e. ICU/anaesthetics or interventional radiology. Patients with severe COVID-19 infection are likely to need central line access e.g. PICC/Central line. While these lines are not suitable for PEX, central venous access is common in COVID-19 patients in ICU. Patients will be monitored frequently for infections, bleeding or thrombosis 2: PEX A. Reaction to plasma: There is a risk of infusional and allergic reactions and rarely anaphylaxis with the use of Octaplas. This is considerably reduced with the use of Octaplas compared to standard fresh frozen plasma (FFP) Reactions grade 1-3 are amenable to standard therapy including antihistamine, hydrocortisone and paracetamol. If a patient experiences symptoms of anaphylaxis, treatment would be stopped immediately. B. Citrate reactions: Some patients treated with PEX present with features of hypocalcaemia (fatigue, paraesthesia, tremor, and hypocalcemia). This is treated with calcium boluses, but offset by a calcium infusion throughout PEX. C. Risk of viral transmission: Standard measures to prevent infections resulting from the use of medical products prepared from human blood or plasma include selection of donors, screening of individual donations and plasma pool for specific markers of infection and the inclusion of effective manufacturing steps for the inactivation/removal of viruses. When medicinal products prepared from human blood or plasma are administered, the possibility of transmitting infective agents cannot be totally excluded. However Octaplas LG undergoes a number of additional pathogen inactivation steps and is considered very safe.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    15 Jun 2020
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United Kingdom: 22
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    22
    EEA total number of subjects
    0
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    16
    From 65 to 84 years
    6
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    23 patients with severe COVID-19 were randomised. One patient withdrew from the study 1 day after randomisation and their data has been excluded from the analysis. 11 were randomised to the treatment group receiving at least one course of Plasma Exchange (PEX). 11 were assigned to the control group receiving only standard of care treatment (SOC).

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    Patients will be recruited following admission to hospital for supportive care relating to presumed or confirmed COVID19. Those deemed appropriate for inclusion, meeting the inclusion criteria in the protocol, will be discussed by 2 senior clinicians and approached about the study. In conjunction, this will be discussed with the next of kin.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall Trial (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Treatment Arm - PEX
    Arm description
    Treatment group receiving at least one course of Plasma Exchange (PEX) treatment. Among the treatment group, 5 patients received 2 or more courses of treatment, and 3 patients received 3 courses of treatment.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    OctaplasLG (human plasma proteins)
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Plasma exchange (PEX) of 3 litres if <100Kg and 4 litres if >100Kg, for a minimum of once a day for 5 days. Option for a further 5 day block of PEX if clinical and biochemical improvement following initial 5-day block but persistent pro-thrombotic phenotype.

    Arm title
    Control Arm - Standard of Care
    Arm description
    Control group, receiving only standard of care treatment.
    Arm type
    No intervention

    Investigational medicinal product name
    No investigational medicinal product assigned in this arm
    Number of subjects in period 1
    Treatment Arm - PEX Control Arm - Standard of Care
    Started
    11
    11
    Completed
    11
    11

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Treatment Arm - PEX
    Reporting group description
    Treatment group receiving at least one course of Plasma Exchange (PEX) treatment. Among the treatment group, 5 patients received 2 or more courses of treatment, and 3 patients received 3 courses of treatment.

    Reporting group title
    Control Arm - Standard of Care
    Reporting group description
    Control group, receiving only standard of care treatment.

    Reporting group values
    Treatment Arm - PEX Control Arm - Standard of Care Total
    Number of subjects
    11 11 22
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0 0 0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0 0 0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0 0 0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0 0 0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0 0 0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0 0 0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    9 7 16
        From 65-84 years
    2 4 6
        85 years and over
    0 0 0
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    2 2 4
        Male
    9 9 18

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Treatment Arm - PEX
    Reporting group description
    Treatment group receiving at least one course of Plasma Exchange (PEX) treatment. Among the treatment group, 5 patients received 2 or more courses of treatment, and 3 patients received 3 courses of treatment.

    Reporting group title
    Control Arm - Standard of Care
    Reporting group description
    Control group, receiving only standard of care treatment.

    Primary: Inflammatory marker reduction of at least 50% at any efficacy time point

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    End point title
    Inflammatory marker reduction of at least 50% at any efficacy time point
    End point description
    The primary outcome in this study is a binary outcome indicating whether there was a reduction of at least 50% (compared to baseline) in two or more inflammatory markers [CRP, LDH, D-Dimer] during a “comparable duration of treatment” with either PEX or Standard of Care after study initiation.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    The inflammatory markers recorded in this study are C reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and D-Dimer, and we consider whether there is a reduction during the designated follow-up period (i.e. follow-up days 6, 7, 14, 21 and 28)
    End point values
    Treatment Arm - PEX Control Arm - Standard of Care
    Number of subjects analysed
    10
    10
    Units: %
    80
    50
    Statistical analysis title
    Primary Endpoint Analysis
    Statistical analysis description
    The primary analysis will involve a comparison of the binary outcome ‘50% reduction in at least two inflammation markers’ between the PEX and Standard of Care (control) trial arms using a chi-squared test. The risk difference (and ratio) will be estimated with a 95% confidence interval.
    Comparison groups
    Treatment Arm - PEX v Control Arm - Standard of Care
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    20
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.16 [1]
    Method
    Chi-squared
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [1] - 8/10 (80%) PEX patients have two or more markers that achieve this compared to 5/10 (50%) Standard of Care patients. This is not statistically significant at the 5% level.

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    All adverse events will be recorded from consent to the end of trial.
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    Serious Adverse Events associated with COVID-19 infection were not reported to Sponsor for this trial, however they were recorded in the database and are included in this report.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    24.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Treatment Arm - PEX
    Reporting group description
    Treatment group receiving at least one course of Plasma Exchange (PEX) treatment. Among the treatment group, 5 patients received 2 or more courses of treatment, and 3 patients received 3 courses of treatment.

    Reporting group title
    Control Arm - Standard of Care
    Reporting group description
    Control group, receiving only standard of care treatment.

    Serious adverse events
    Treatment Arm - PEX Control Arm - Standard of Care
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 11 (54.55%)
    4 / 11 (36.36%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    2
    1
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    Investigations
    Blood pressure decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Body temperature increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Heart rate increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Oxygen saturation decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 11 (18.18%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 5
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Pericarditis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac arrest
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Atrial fibrillation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Acute myocardial infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Surgical and medical procedures
    Oxygen therapy
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 11 (18.18%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Drug therapy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Endotracheal intubation
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 11 (36.36%)
    2 / 11 (18.18%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Lung assist device therapy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Hepatitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Lung disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Renal impairment
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Acute kidney injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Bacterial infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Central nervous system infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Treatment Arm - PEX Control Arm - Standard of Care
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 11 (90.91%)
    11 / 11 (100.00%)
    Vascular disorders
    Hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 11 (18.18%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Hypotension
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Mouth haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Surgical and medical procedures
    Oxygen therapy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    2 / 11 (18.18%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Intensive care
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Tracheostomy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Endotracheal intubation complication
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Wound secretion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Complication associated with device
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Fatigue
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    2 / 11 (18.18%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Mass
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Dyspnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Dyspnoea exertional
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Lung disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Pleural effusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Pulmonary embolism
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 11 (45.45%)
    2 / 11 (18.18%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    2
    Psychiatric disorders
    Delirium
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    2 / 11 (18.18%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Mood altered
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Agitation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Anxiety
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Investigations
    Activated partial thromboplastin time prolonged
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Blood glucose decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Blood glucose increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    2 / 11 (18.18%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    2
    Blood pressure increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Body temperature abnormal
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    1
    Body temperature increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Coma scale abnormal
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Computerised tomogram thorax
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    C-reactive protein increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Haemoglobin decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Liver function test increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Oxygen saturation decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Troponin T increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Weight decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Drug monitoring procedure incorrectly performed
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Endotracheal intubation complication
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Tooth loss
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Cardiac disorders
    Atrial fibrillation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Bradycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Extrasystoles
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Supraventricular tachycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Tachycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Nervous system disorders
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 11 (27.27%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    0
    Paraesthesia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Subcutaneous emphysema
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Skin ulcer
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Urinary retention
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Muscular weakness
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Pain in extremity
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Infections and infestations
    Infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    2 / 11 (18.18%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Orchitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Oral candidiasis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Asymptomatic COVID-19
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Bacterial infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Hepatitis B
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    11 Nov 2020
    • Clarify of the respiratory parameters of the inclusion criteria. • Minor changes to the wording in the IMP section. • Interim analysis once 20 patients have completed the study. • Inclusion of a central laboratory . • Amendments to the protocol appendices.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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