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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Prevention of Glucocorticoid induced impairment of bone metabolism – A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Single Centre Clinical Trial

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2021-000275-36
    Trial protocol
    SE  
    Global end of trial date
    12 Dec 2022

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    31 Dec 2023
    First version publication date
    31 Dec 2023
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    CSUB0202
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT04767711
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Sahlgrenska University Hospital
    Sponsor organisation address
    Göteborgsvägen 31, Mölndal, Sweden, 43180
    Public contact
    Mattias Lorentzon, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, mattias.lorentzon@medic.gu.se
    Scientific contact
    Mattias Lorentzon, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, mattias.lorentzon@medic.gu.se
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    12 Dec 2022
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    12 Dec 2022
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    12 Dec 2022
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    The primary objective was to determine if the administration of L.Reuteri could prevent the changes in bone turnover markers induced by oral glucocorticoid (GC) treatment. The primary outcome was investigated as between group percent change in bone turnover markers between baseline (day 16, prior to the glucocorticoid (GC) treatment start) and day 23 (7 days after starting oral GC). 1. Serum osteocalcin 2. Serum CTX 3. Serum P1NP
    Protection of trial subjects
    To minimize the risk of adverse events of the oral glucocorticoid (GC) treatment, the exposure time was limited to 7 days, and extensive testing to exclude participants with prediabetes or diabetes at screening was performed. The inclusion criteria ensured that only young participants without skeletal disease, and with a very low risk of bone fractures were included. Thus, all included participants had a very low risk of developing known GC-associated adverse events, as a result of highly stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria.
    Background therapy
    All participants (in both treatment arms) were given 25 mg oral glucocorticoid treatment for 7 days.
    Evidence for comparator
    Glucocorticoid (GC) therapy is used to treat a variety of inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and bronchial asthma. Despite the well-known side-effects, GC treatment is widely used and approximately over 1.2% of the US population are being prescribed long-term GC therapy. Oral GC therapy leads to rapid and deleterious effects on bone metabolism, which results in bone loss, and a subsequent increased fracture risk. Long-term oral GC also increases the risk of increased blood glucose levels and diabetes. The gut microbiota is involved in regulating bone metabolism and we recently demonstrated that Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 (L. reuteri) could reduce bone loss over 12 months by half in older women. L. reuteri supplementation was generally well tolerated. In a recent study, it was discovered that mice treated either with broad spectrum antibiotics, eradicating gut microbiota, or with L. reuteri did not experience GC induced bone loss in the spine and femur. GC was found to induce intestinal barrier breaches, an effect that could also be prevented with L. reuteri. We therefore, hypothesize that L.reuteri could be able to prevent the negative effects on bone metabolism, gut permeability and blood glucose regulation in humans. Primary research hypothesis: The aim of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial is to investigate if daily supplementation with L. reuteri, compared to placebo, can prevent the negative effects of oral glucocorticoid (GC) on bone turnover and blood glucose regulation in healthy young adult men and women.
    Actual start date of recruitment
    03 May 2021
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Sweden: 50
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    50
    EEA total number of subjects
    50
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    50
    From 65 to 84 years
    0
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Study participants were screened between May18th and November 8th 2022.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    63 men and women were screened. 50 fulfilled all inclusion criteria, had no exclusion criteria, and were included in the study.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Baseline (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator, Assessor

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    L.reuteri+oral prednisolone
    Arm description
    L.reuteri 5x109 colony-forming units (CFU) mixed with maltodextrin powder, taken twice daily, yielding a total daily dose of 1x1010 CFU/day for 30 days + oral prednisolone 25 mg daily for 7 days (starting 11-14 days after initiation of the L.reuteri treatment).
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Prednisolone
    Investigational medicinal product code
    H02AB06
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    25 mg daily for 7 days. The whole dose was taken in the morning.

    Arm title
    Placebo + oral prednisolone
    Arm description
    Maltodextrin powder capsules, taken twice daily, as placebo + oral prednisolone 25 mg daily for 7 days (starting 11-14 days after initiation of the L.reuteri treatment).
    Arm type
    Placebo

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Prednisolone
    Investigational medicinal product code
    H02AB06
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    25 mg daily for 7 days. The whole dose was taken in the morning.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    L.reuteri+oral prednisolone Placebo + oral prednisolone
    Started
    25
    25
    Completed
    22
    24
    Not completed
    3
    1
         analysis_ongoing
    3
    1

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    L.reuteri+oral prednisolone
    Reporting group description
    L.reuteri 5x109 colony-forming units (CFU) mixed with maltodextrin powder, taken twice daily, yielding a total daily dose of 1x1010 CFU/day for 30 days + oral prednisolone 25 mg daily for 7 days (starting 11-14 days after initiation of the L.reuteri treatment).

    Reporting group title
    Placebo + oral prednisolone
    Reporting group description
    Maltodextrin powder capsules, taken twice daily, as placebo + oral prednisolone 25 mg daily for 7 days (starting 11-14 days after initiation of the L.reuteri treatment).

    Reporting group values
    L.reuteri+oral prednisolone Placebo + oral prednisolone Total
    Number of subjects
    25 25 50
    Age categorical
    Data is being analyzed.
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    0
        From 65-84 years
    0
        85 years and over
    0
    Age continuous
    18-45. Data is being analyzed.
    Units: years
        median (full range (min-max))
    28 (18 to 45) 28 (21 to 43) -
    Gender categorical
    21 men and 29 women were included.
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    14 15 29
        Male
    11 10 21
    Subject analysis sets

    Subject analysis set title
    Baseline characteristics
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    Data is being analyzed.

    Subject analysis set title
    ITT Analysis
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    ITT analysis is ongoing.

    Subject analysis set title
    Per protocol analysis
    Subject analysis set type
    Per protocol
    Subject analysis set description
    Per protocol analysis is ongoing.

    Subject analysis sets values
    Baseline characteristics ITT Analysis Per protocol analysis
    Number of subjects
    50
    50
    46
    Age categorical
    Data is being analyzed.
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
        Newborns (0-27 days)
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
        Children (2-11 years)
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
        Adults (18-64 years)
        From 65-84 years
        85 years and over
    Age continuous
    18-45. Data is being analyzed.
    Units: years
        median (full range (min-max))
    28 (18 to 45)
    Gender categorical
    21 men and 29 women were included.
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    29
        Male
    21

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    L.reuteri+oral prednisolone
    Reporting group description
    L.reuteri 5x109 colony-forming units (CFU) mixed with maltodextrin powder, taken twice daily, yielding a total daily dose of 1x1010 CFU/day for 30 days + oral prednisolone 25 mg daily for 7 days (starting 11-14 days after initiation of the L.reuteri treatment).

    Reporting group title
    Placebo + oral prednisolone
    Reporting group description
    Maltodextrin powder capsules, taken twice daily, as placebo + oral prednisolone 25 mg daily for 7 days (starting 11-14 days after initiation of the L.reuteri treatment).

    Subject analysis set title
    Baseline characteristics
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    Data is being analyzed.

    Subject analysis set title
    ITT Analysis
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    ITT analysis is ongoing.

    Subject analysis set title
    Per protocol analysis
    Subject analysis set type
    Per protocol
    Subject analysis set description
    Per protocol analysis is ongoing.

    Primary: Bone turnover markers

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    End point title
    Bone turnover markers
    End point description
    Results are being analyzed.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Between group per cent change in bone turnover markers between baseline (day 16, prior to glucocorticoid (GC) treatment start) and day 23 (7 days after starting oral GC). 1. Serum osteocalcin 2. Serum CTX 3. Serum P1NP
    End point values
    L.reuteri+oral prednisolone Placebo + oral prednisolone ITT Analysis Per protocol analysis
    Number of subjects analysed
    25
    25
    Units: percent change from baseline
        number (not applicable)
    25
    25
    50
    46
    Statistical analysis title
    ANCOVA
    Statistical analysis description
    Log-normally distributed variables (osteocalcin, CTX, and P1NP) will be analysed using ANCOVA on log-transformed variables, adjusting for log-baseline values
    Comparison groups
    L.reuteri+oral prednisolone v Placebo + oral prednisolone
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    50
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    other [1]
    P-value
    < 0.05 [2]
    Method
    ANCOVA
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (final values)
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -
         upper limit
    -
    Variability estimate
    Standard deviation
    Notes
    [1] - Analysis is ongoing.
    [2] - P-value composed of fractions for each coprimary outcome, according to the SAP.

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    From randomization to end of trial (last study subject, last visit).
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    There were no serious adverse events. The proportion of adverse events (AEs) was similar between the two arms (36% in the active treatment arm and 36% in the placebo arm). Details of AEs are being analyzed.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    CTCAEv5.0
    Dictionary version
    5.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    L.reuteri+oral prednisolone
    Reporting group description
    L.reuteri 5x109 colony-forming units (CFU) mixed with maltodextrin powder, taken twice daily, yielding a total daily dose of 1x1010 CFU/day for 30 days + oral prednisolone 25 mg daily for 7 days (starting 11-14 days after initiation of the L.reuteri treatment).

    Reporting group title
    Placebo + prednisolone
    Reporting group description
    Maltodextrin powder capsules, taken twice daily, as placebo + oral prednisolone 25 mg daily for 7 days (starting 11-14 days after initiation of the L.reuteri treatment).

    Serious adverse events
    L.reuteri+oral prednisolone Placebo + prednisolone
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 0%
    Non-serious adverse events
    L.reuteri+oral prednisolone Placebo + prednisolone
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 25 (36.00%)
    12 / 25 (48.00%)
    Nervous system disorders
    Dizzyness
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
    1 / 25 (4.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 25 (20.00%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    0
    Lethargy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 25 (4.00%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Flu like symptoms
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
    1 / 25 (4.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    bloating
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 25 (4.00%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
    1 / 25 (4.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Flatulence
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
    1 / 25 (4.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    1
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
    1 / 25 (4.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Dry skin
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
    1 / 25 (4.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Rash maculo-papular
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 25 (4.00%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Other
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 25 (4.00%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Infections and infestations
    COVID-19
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 25 (4.00%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Upper respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 25 (12.00%)
    4 / 25 (16.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    4
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 25 (4.00%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? No

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
    For support, Contact us.
    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

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