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    Summary
    EudraCT Number:2021-001633-40
    Sponsor's Protocol Code Number:ESRA
    National Competent Authority:Italy - Italian Medicines Agency
    Clinical Trial Type:EEA CTA
    Trial Status:Trial now transitioned
    Date on which this record was first entered in the EudraCT database:2023-02-01
    Trial results
    Index
    A. PROTOCOL INFORMATION
    B. SPONSOR INFORMATION
    C. APPLICANT IDENTIFICATION
    D. IMP IDENTIFICATION
    D.8 INFORMATION ON PLACEBO
    E. GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE TRIAL
    F. POPULATION OF TRIAL SUBJECTS
    G. INVESTIGATOR NETWORKS TO BE INVOLVED IN THE TRIAL
    N. REVIEW BY THE COMPETENT AUTHORITY OR ETHICS COMMITTEE IN THE COUNTRY CONCERNED
    P. END OF TRIAL
    Expand All   Collapse All
    A. Protocol Information
    A.1Member State ConcernedItaly - Italian Medicines Agency
    A.2EudraCT number2021-001633-40
    A.3Full title of the trial
    Efficacy and safety of riociguat (MK-4836) in incipient pulmonary vascular disease as an indicator for early pulmonary arterial Hypertension Doubleblind, randomized, multicentre, multinational, placebo-controlled phase IIa
    study
    ESRA
    Efficacia e sicurezza di riociguat (MK-4836) nella malattia vascolare polmonare incipiente come indicatore di ipertensione arteriosa polmonare precoce
    Studio di fase IIa, in doppio cieco, randomizzato, multicentrico, multinazionale, controllato con placebo
    ESRA
    A.3.1Title of the trial for lay people, in easily understood, i.e. non-technical, language
    Clinical trial investigating the effect of riociguat among patients with slightly elevated blood pressure in lung vessels
    Studio clinico mirato a valutare l'effetto del riociguat nei pazienti con pressione arteriosa leggermente elevata nei vasi polmonari
    A.3.2Name or abbreviated title of the trial where available
    ESRA
    ESRA
    A.4.1Sponsor's protocol code numberESRA
    A.5.4Other Identifiers
    Name:Supplier’s Protocol No. (MSD) Number:MK-4836-004
    A.7Trial is part of a Paediatric Investigation Plan No
    A.8EMA Decision number of Paediatric Investigation Plan
    B. Sponsor Information
    B.Sponsor: 1
    B.1.1Name of SponsorThoraxklinik Heidelberg gGmbH
    B.1.3.4CountryGermany
    B.3.1 and B.3.2Status of the sponsorNon-Commercial
    B.4 Source(s) of Monetary or Material Support for the clinical trial:
    B.4.1Name of organisation providing supportMSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH
    B.4.2CountryGermany
    B.5 Contact point designated by the sponsor for further information on the trial
    B.5.1Name of organisationThoraxklinik Heidelberg gGmbH
    B.5.2Functional name of contact pointProf. Dr. med. Ekkehard Grünig
    B.5.3 Address:
    B.5.3.1Street AddressRöntgenstr. 1
    B.5.3.2Town/ cityHeidelberg
    B.5.3.3Post code69126
    B.5.3.4CountryGermany
    B.5.4Telephone number+4962213968053
    B.5.5Fax number+49622139681209
    B.5.6E-mailPH-Studies.THOR@med.uni-heidelberg.de
    D. IMP Identification
    D.IMP: 1
    D.1.2 and D.1.3IMP RoleTest
    D.2 Status of the IMP to be used in the clinical trial
    D.2.1IMP to be used in the trial has a marketing authorisation No
    D.2.5The IMP has been designated in this indication as an orphan drug in the Community No
    D.2.5.1Orphan drug designation number
    D.3 Description of the IMP
    D.3.1Product nameRiociguat
    D.3.2Product code [MK-4836]
    D.3.4Pharmaceutical form Film-coated tablet
    D.3.4.1Specific paediatric formulation No
    D.3.7Routes of administration for this IMPOral use
    D.3.8 to D.3.10 IMP Identification Details (Active Substances)
    D.3.8INN - Proposed INNRiociguat
    D.3.9.1CAS number 625115-55-1
    D.3.9.2Current sponsor codenot applicable
    D.3.9.4EV Substance CodeSUB32880
    D.3.10 Strength
    D.3.10.1Concentration unit mg milligram(s)
    D.3.10.2Concentration typeequal
    D.3.10.3Concentration number0.5
    D.3.11 The IMP contains an:
    D.3.11.1Active substance of chemical origin Yes
    D.3.11.2Active substance of biological/ biotechnological origin (other than Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    The IMP is a:
    D.3.11.3Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    D.3.11.3.1Somatic cell therapy medicinal product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.2Gene therapy medical product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.3Tissue Engineered Product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.4Combination ATIMP (i.e. one involving a medical device) Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.5Committee on Advanced therapies (CAT) has issued a classification for this product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.4Combination product that includes a device, but does not involve an Advanced Therapy No
    D.3.11.5Radiopharmaceutical medicinal product No
    D.3.11.6Immunological medicinal product (such as vaccine, allergen, immune serum) No
    D.3.11.7Plasma derived medicinal product No
    D.3.11.8Extractive medicinal product No
    D.3.11.9Recombinant medicinal product No
    D.3.11.10Medicinal product containing genetically modified organisms No
    D.3.11.11Herbal medicinal product No
    D.3.11.12Homeopathic medicinal product No
    D.3.11.13Another type of medicinal product No
    D.IMP: 2
    D.1.2 and D.1.3IMP RoleTest
    D.2 Status of the IMP to be used in the clinical trial
    D.2.1IMP to be used in the trial has a marketing authorisation No
    D.2.5The IMP has been designated in this indication as an orphan drug in the Community No
    D.2.5.1Orphan drug designation number
    D.3 Description of the IMP
    D.3.1Product nameRiociguat
    D.3.2Product code [MK-4836]
    D.3.4Pharmaceutical form Film-coated tablet
    D.3.4.1Specific paediatric formulation No
    D.3.7Routes of administration for this IMPOral use
    D.3.8 to D.3.10 IMP Identification Details (Active Substances)
    D.3.9.1CAS number 625115-55-1
    D.3.9.2Current sponsor codenot applicable
    D.3.9.4EV Substance CodeSUB32880
    D.3.10 Strength
    D.3.10.1Concentration unit mg milligram(s)
    D.3.10.2Concentration typeequal
    D.3.10.3Concentration number1
    D.3.11 The IMP contains an:
    D.3.11.1Active substance of chemical origin Yes
    D.3.11.2Active substance of biological/ biotechnological origin (other than Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    The IMP is a:
    D.3.11.3Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    D.3.11.3.1Somatic cell therapy medicinal product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.2Gene therapy medical product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.3Tissue Engineered Product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.4Combination ATIMP (i.e. one involving a medical device) Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.5Committee on Advanced therapies (CAT) has issued a classification for this product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.4Combination product that includes a device, but does not involve an Advanced Therapy No
    D.3.11.5Radiopharmaceutical medicinal product No
    D.3.11.6Immunological medicinal product (such as vaccine, allergen, immune serum) No
    D.3.11.7Plasma derived medicinal product No
    D.3.11.8Extractive medicinal product No
    D.3.11.9Recombinant medicinal product No
    D.3.11.10Medicinal product containing genetically modified organisms No
    D.3.11.11Herbal medicinal product No
    D.3.11.12Homeopathic medicinal product No
    D.3.11.13Another type of medicinal product No
    D.IMP: 3
    D.1.2 and D.1.3IMP RoleTest
    D.2 Status of the IMP to be used in the clinical trial
    D.2.1IMP to be used in the trial has a marketing authorisation No
    D.2.5The IMP has been designated in this indication as an orphan drug in the Community No
    D.2.5.1Orphan drug designation number
    D.3 Description of the IMP
    D.3.1Product nameRiociguat
    D.3.2Product code [MK-4836]
    D.3.4Pharmaceutical form Film-coated tablet
    D.3.4.1Specific paediatric formulation No
    D.3.7Routes of administration for this IMPOral use
    D.3.8 to D.3.10 IMP Identification Details (Active Substances)
    D.3.8INN - Proposed INNRiociguat
    D.3.9.1CAS number 625115-55-1
    D.3.9.2Current sponsor codenot applicable
    D.3.9.4EV Substance CodeSUB32880
    D.3.10 Strength
    D.3.10.1Concentration unit mg milligram(s)
    D.3.10.2Concentration typeequal
    D.3.10.3Concentration number1.5
    D.3.11 The IMP contains an:
    D.3.11.1Active substance of chemical origin Yes
    D.3.11.2Active substance of biological/ biotechnological origin (other than Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    The IMP is a:
    D.3.11.3Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    D.3.11.3.1Somatic cell therapy medicinal product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.2Gene therapy medical product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.3Tissue Engineered Product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.4Combination ATIMP (i.e. one involving a medical device) Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.5Committee on Advanced therapies (CAT) has issued a classification for this product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.4Combination product that includes a device, but does not involve an Advanced Therapy No
    D.3.11.5Radiopharmaceutical medicinal product No
    D.3.11.6Immunological medicinal product (such as vaccine, allergen, immune serum) No
    D.3.11.7Plasma derived medicinal product No
    D.3.11.8Extractive medicinal product No
    D.3.11.9Recombinant medicinal product No
    D.3.11.10Medicinal product containing genetically modified organisms No
    D.3.11.11Herbal medicinal product No
    D.3.11.12Homeopathic medicinal product No
    D.3.11.13Another type of medicinal product No
    D.IMP: 4
    D.1.2 and D.1.3IMP RoleTest
    D.2 Status of the IMP to be used in the clinical trial
    D.2.1IMP to be used in the trial has a marketing authorisation No
    D.2.5The IMP has been designated in this indication as an orphan drug in the Community No
    D.2.5.1Orphan drug designation number
    D.3 Description of the IMP
    D.3.1Product nameRiociguat
    D.3.2Product code [MK-4836]
    D.3.4Pharmaceutical form Film-coated tablet
    D.3.4.1Specific paediatric formulation No
    D.3.7Routes of administration for this IMPOral use
    D.3.8 to D.3.10 IMP Identification Details (Active Substances)
    D.3.8INN - Proposed INNRiociguat
    D.3.9.1CAS number 625115-55-1
    D.3.9.2Current sponsor codenot applicable
    D.3.9.4EV Substance CodeSUB32880
    D.3.10 Strength
    D.3.10.1Concentration unit mg milligram(s)
    D.3.10.2Concentration typeequal
    D.3.10.3Concentration number1.5
    D.3.11 The IMP contains an:
    D.3.11.1Active substance of chemical origin Yes
    D.3.11.2Active substance of biological/ biotechnological origin (other than Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    The IMP is a:
    D.3.11.3Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    D.3.11.3.1Somatic cell therapy medicinal product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.2Gene therapy medical product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.3Tissue Engineered Product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.4Combination ATIMP (i.e. one involving a medical device) Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.5Committee on Advanced therapies (CAT) has issued a classification for this product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.4Combination product that includes a device, but does not involve an Advanced Therapy No
    D.3.11.5Radiopharmaceutical medicinal product No
    D.3.11.6Immunological medicinal product (such as vaccine, allergen, immune serum) No
    D.3.11.7Plasma derived medicinal product No
    D.3.11.8Extractive medicinal product No
    D.3.11.9Recombinant medicinal product No
    D.3.11.10Medicinal product containing genetically modified organisms No
    D.3.11.11Herbal medicinal product No
    D.3.11.12Homeopathic medicinal product No
    D.3.11.13Another type of medicinal product No
    D.IMP: 5
    D.1.2 and D.1.3IMP RoleTest
    D.2 Status of the IMP to be used in the clinical trial
    D.2.1IMP to be used in the trial has a marketing authorisation No
    D.2.5The IMP has been designated in this indication as an orphan drug in the Community No
    D.2.5.1Orphan drug designation number
    D.3 Description of the IMP
    D.3.1Product nameRiociguat
    D.3.2Product code [MK-4836]
    D.3.4Pharmaceutical form Film-coated tablet
    D.3.4.1Specific paediatric formulation No
    D.3.7Routes of administration for this IMPOral use
    D.3.8 to D.3.10 IMP Identification Details (Active Substances)
    D.3.8INN - Proposed INNRiociguat
    D.3.9.1CAS number 625115-55-1
    D.3.9.2Current sponsor codenot applicable
    D.3.9.4EV Substance CodeSUB32880
    D.3.10 Strength
    D.3.10.1Concentration unit mg milligram(s)
    D.3.10.2Concentration typeequal
    D.3.10.3Concentration number2.5
    D.3.11 The IMP contains an:
    D.3.11.1Active substance of chemical origin Yes
    D.3.11.2Active substance of biological/ biotechnological origin (other than Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    The IMP is a:
    D.3.11.3Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    D.3.11.3.1Somatic cell therapy medicinal product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.2Gene therapy medical product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.3Tissue Engineered Product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.4Combination ATIMP (i.e. one involving a medical device) Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.5Committee on Advanced therapies (CAT) has issued a classification for this product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.4Combination product that includes a device, but does not involve an Advanced Therapy No
    D.3.11.5Radiopharmaceutical medicinal product No
    D.3.11.6Immunological medicinal product (such as vaccine, allergen, immune serum) No
    D.3.11.7Plasma derived medicinal product No
    D.3.11.8Extractive medicinal product No
    D.3.11.9Recombinant medicinal product No
    D.3.11.10Medicinal product containing genetically modified organisms No
    D.3.11.11Herbal medicinal product No
    D.3.11.12Homeopathic medicinal product No
    D.3.11.13Another type of medicinal product No
    D.8 Information on Placebo
    D.8 Placebo: 1
    D.8.1Is a Placebo used in this Trial?Yes
    D.8.3Pharmaceutical form of the placeboFilm-coated tablet
    D.8.4Route of administration of the placeboOral use
    E. General Information on the Trial
    E.1 Medical condition or disease under investigation
    E.1.1Medical condition(s) being investigated
    early pulmonary vascular disease, defined as either a) mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) =25 mmHg with pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) =2 to <3 WU and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) =15 mmHg or b) mPAP 21-<25 mmHg with PVR =2 WU, and PAWP =15 mmHg associated with connective tissue disease (CTD) or as idiopathic/heritable form.
    malattia vascolare polmonare precoce, definita come a) pressione arteriosa polmonare media (mPAP) =25 mmHg con resistenza vascolare polmonare (PVR) =2 a <3 WU e pressione di cuneo arterioso polmonare (PAWP) =15 mmHg o b) mPAP 21-<25 mmHg con PVR =2 WU e PAWP =15 mmHg associata a malattia del tessuto connettivo (CTD) o come forma idiopatica/ereditaria.
    E.1.1.1Medical condition in easily understood language
    Early-stage disease impairing the blood flow between the heart and lungs
    Malattia in fase iniziale che compromette il flusso sanguigno tra cuore e polmoni
    E.1.1.2Therapeutic area Diseases [C] - Cardiovascular Diseases [C14]
    MedDRA Classification
    E.1.2 Medical condition or disease under investigation
    E.1.2Version 20.0
    E.1.2Level HLT
    E.1.2Classification code 10037455
    E.1.2Term Pulmonary vascular disorders NEC
    E.1.2System Organ Class 100000004866
    E.1.3Condition being studied is a rare disease Yes
    E.2 Objective of the trial
    E.2.1Main objective of the trial
    To investigate the change pulmonary vascular resistance among patients with early pulmonary vascular disease treated with riociguat (MK-4836) versus placebo for 24 weeks.
    Studiare la variazione della resistenza vascolare polmonare tra i pazienti con malattia vascolare polmonare precoce trattati con riociguat (MK-4836) rispetto al placebo per 24 settimane.
    E.2.2Secondary objectives of the trial
    - To investigate, the effect of treatment with riociguat (MK-4836) on further hemodynamic and clinical parameters in patients with early pulmonary vascular disease, defined as stated above as change from
    baseline to 24 weeks of Treatment.
    - To assess safety and tolerability of riociguat (MK-4836) treatment in patients with early pulmonary vascular disease, defined as stated above as change from baseline to 24 weeks of Treatment.
    - Indagare l'effetto del trattamento con riociguat (MK-4836) su ulteriori parametri emodinamici e clinici in pazienti con malattia vascolare polmonare precoce, definita come sopra indicato come cambiamento dal
    basale a 24 settimane di trattamento.
    - Valutare la sicurezza e la tollerabilità del trattamento con riociguat (MK-4836) in pazienti con malattia vascolare polmonare precoce, definita come sopra indicato come variazione dal basale a 24 settimane di trattamento.
    E.2.3Trial contains a sub-study No
    E.3Principal inclusion criteria
    1. =18 years of age at time of inclusion.
    2. Male and female patients with early pulmonary vascular disease, defined as either a) mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) =25 mmHg with pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) =2 to <3 WU and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) =15 mmHg or b) mPAP 21-<25 mmHg with PVR =2 WU, and PAWP =15 mmHg associated with connective tissue disease (CTD) or as idiopathic/heritable form (see Group I / Nice Clinical Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension) (acc. to Simonneau et al. 2019). Patients with rheumatoid arthritis or connective tissue disease of any kind, except systemic lupus erythematosus, may also be included. Patients in group b will be enrolled by majority as long as patients in group a are not defined as having pulmonary arterial hypertension according to European pulmonary hypertension guidelines.
    3. Treatment naïve patients (with respect to PAH specific medication)
    4. Unspecific treatments which may also be used for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension such as oral anticoagulants, diuretics, digitalis, calcium channel blockers or oxygen supplementation are permitted. Permitted are also treatments of the rheumatologic disease. However, these drugs must have been started at least 1 month before right heart catheterization.
    5. Right-heart catheterization results must not be older than 1 month at Visit 1 (will be considered as baseline values, the time frame can be prolonged up to 6 months, if the patient has had no signs of clinical changes as >10% change of 6MWD, WHO FC, > 30% change in NTproBNP) and must have been measured in the participating centre under standardized conditions (refer to the study specific Swan Ganz catheterization manual). If the respective measurements have not been performed in context with the patient’s regular diagnostic work up, they have to be performed as a part of the study during the Pre-Study Phase (after the patient signed the informed consent).
    6. Women without childbearing potential defined as postmenopausal women aged 55 years or older, women with bilateral tubal ligation, women with bilateral ovariectomy, and women with hysterectomy can be included in the study. Women of childbearing potential can only be included in the study if all of the following applies (listed below): a. Negative serum pregnancy test at screening and a negative urine pregnancy test at study start (visit 1). b. Agreement to undertake monthly urine pregnancy tests during the study and up to at least 30 days after study treatment discontinuation. These tests should be performed by the patient at home. c. - Agreement to follow the contraception scheme as stated from screening until at least 30 days after study treatment discontinuation.
    7. Patients who are able to understand and follow instructions and who are able to participate in the study for the entire period.
    8. Patients must have given their written informed consent to participate in the study after having received adequate previous information and prior to any study-specific procedures.
    1. =18 anni di età al momento dell'inclusione.
    2. Pazienti maschi e femmine con malattia vascolare polmonare precoce, definita come a) pressione arteriosa polmonare media (mPAP) =25 mmHg con resistenza vascolare polmonare (PVR) =2 a <3 WU e pressione di incuneamento arterioso polmonare (PAWP) =15 mmHg o b) mPAP 21-<25 mmHg con PVR =2 WU, e PAWP =15 mmHg associata a malattia del tessuto connettivo (CTD) o come forma idiopatica/ereditaria (vedi Gruppo I/Classificazione clinica di Nizza dell'ipertensione polmonare) (secondo Simonneau et al. 2019). Simonneau et al. 2019). Possono essere inclusi anche pazienti con artrite reumatoide o malattie del tessuto connettivo di qualsiasi tipo, ad eccezione del lupus eritematoso sistemico. I pazienti del gruppo b saranno arruolati a maggioranza a condizione che i pazienti del gruppo a non siano definiti come affetti da ipertensione arteriosa polmonare secondo le linee guida europee sull'ipertensione polmonare.
    3. Pazienti naïve al trattamento (rispetto ai farmaci specifici per la PAH).
    4. Sono consentiti trattamenti non specifici che possono essere utilizzati anche per il trattamento dell'ipertensione polmonare, come anticoagulanti orali, diuretici, digitalici, calcio-antagonisti o integrazione di ossigeno. Sono ammessi anche i trattamenti della malattia reumatologica. Tuttavia, questi farmaci devono essere stati iniziati almeno 1 mese prima del cateterismo cardiaco destro.
    5. I risultati del cateterismo cardiaco destro non devono essere più vecchi di 1 mese alla Visita 1 (saranno considerati come valori basali, il lasso di tempo può essere prolungato fino a 6 mesi, se il paziente non ha avuto segni di cambiamenti clinici come variazione >10% di 6MWD, WHO FC, variazione > 30% di NTproBNP) e devono essere stati misurati nel centro partecipante in condizioni standardizzate (fare riferimento al manuale di cateterismo Swan Ganz specifico dello studio). Se le rispettive misurazioni non sono state eseguite nell'ambito del regolare work up diagnostico del paziente, devono essere eseguite nell'ambito dello studio durante la fase pre-studio (dopo che il paziente ha firmato il consenso informato).
    6. Le donne senza potenziale fertile, definite come donne in postmenopausa di età pari o superiore a 55 anni, donne con legatura bilaterale delle tube, donne con ovariectomia bilaterale e donne con isterectomia, possono essere incluse nello studio. Le donne con potenziale fertile possono essere incluse nello studio solo se sono soddisfatte tutte le seguenti condizioni (elencate di seguito): a. test di gravidanza sierico negativo allo screening e test di gravidanza urinario negativo all'inizio dello studio (visita 1). b. Accordo ad effettuare test di gravidanza urinari mensili durante lo studio e fino ad almeno 30 giorni dopo la sospensione del trattamento. Questi test devono essere eseguiti dalla paziente a domicilio. c. - Accordo a seguire lo schema contraccettivo indicato dallo screening fino ad almeno 30 giorni dopo l'interruzione del trattamento dello studio.
    7. Pazienti in grado di comprendere e seguire le istruzioni e in grado di partecipare allo studio per l'intero periodo.
    8. I pazienti devono aver dato il loro consenso informato scritto a partecipare allo studio dopo aver ricevuto adeguate informazioni precedenti e prima di qualsiasi procedura specifica dello studio.
    E.4Principal exclusion criteria
    1. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
    2. Concomitant PAH-targeted treatment is not allowed during the study.
    3. Concomitant treatment with phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, endothelin receptor antagonists and prostacyclin analogues due to digital ulcers is contraindicated and should have a washout-phase of 3 days at the time of right heart catheterization. Intravenous treatment with prostacyclin analogues should not be performed within 1 week of right heart catheterization. Any decision to discontinue above-mentioned drugs will be made by the clinicians and the patient at screening.
    4. Pulmonary hypertension explained by other cause including group 2, 3, 4 and 5 PH according to the current guidelines.
    5. Cardiac comorbidity, defined with three or more of the following conditions: uncontrolled arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, body mass index >35, left atrial enlargement >20 cm², atrial fibrillation, left ventricular ejection fraction <50%.
    6. Pulmonary comorbidity, defined as forced vital capacity (FVC) =70; forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) =50%; diffusion capacity of the lung (DLCO) =40%. FVC may be <70/ if high resolution computed tomography shows <20% lung fibrosis.
    7. Patients with a medical disorder, condition, or history of such that would impair the patient's ability to participate or complete this study in the opinion of the investigator.
    8. Patients with underlying medical disorders with an anticipated life expectancy below 2 years (e.g. active cancer disease with localized and/or metastasized tumour mass).
    9. Patients with a history of severe or multiple drug allergies (defined as allergic reactions to three or more structurally unrelated drugs).
    10. Patients with hypersensitivity to the investigational drug or any of the excipients.
    11. Contraindications according to summary of product characteristics of riociguat (e.g. arterial hypotension with systolic blood pressure <95 mmHg; nitrates)
    12. Participation in any clinical drug trial within 4 weeks prior to screening of this study and/or patient, who is scheduled to receive an investigational medicinal product (IMP) during the course of this study
    13. Background therapy with highly anti-fibrotic drugs (pirfenidone ) or nintedanib, prednisolone >10 mg/day or any other PAH specific treatment.
    1. Pazienti con lupus eritematoso sistemico.
    2. Durante lo studio non è consentito un trattamento concomitante mirato alla PAH.
    3. Il trattamento concomitante con inibitori della fosfodiesterasi 5, antagonisti del recettore dell'endotelina e analoghi della prostaciclina a causa di ulcere digitali è controindicato e deve avere una fase di washout di 3 giorni al momento del cateterismo cardiaco destro. Il trattamento endovenoso con analoghi della prostaciclina non deve essere effettuato entro 1 settimana dal cateterismo cardiaco destro. La decisione di sospendere i farmaci di cui sopra sarà presa dai medici e dal paziente al momento dello screening.
    4. Ipertensione polmonare spiegata da altre cause, compresa la PH di gruppo 2, 3, 4 e 5 secondo le attuali linee guida.
    5. Comorbilità cardiaca, definita con tre o più delle seguenti condizioni: ipertensione arteriosa non controllata, diabete mellito, indice di massa corporea >35, ingrossamento atriale sinistro >20 cm², fibrillazione atriale, frazione di eiezione ventricolare sinistra <50%.
    6. Comorbilità polmonare, definita come capacità vitale forzata (FVC) =70; volume espiratorio forzato in 1 secondo (FEV1) =50%; capacità di diffusione del polmone (DLCO) =40%. La FVC può essere <70/ se la tomografia computerizzata ad alta risoluzione mostra <20% di fibrosi polmonare.
    7. Pazienti con disturbi medici, condizioni o anamnesi tali da compromettere la capacità del paziente di partecipare o completare lo studio, a giudizio dello sperimentatore.
    8. Pazienti con patologie di base con un'aspettativa di vita inferiore a 2 anni (ad es. malattia oncologica attiva con massa tumorale localizzata e/o metastatizzata).
    9. Pazienti con anamnesi di allergie gravi o multiple ai farmaci (definite come reazioni allergiche a tre o più farmaci strutturalmente non correlati).
    10. Pazienti con ipersensibilità al farmaco in sperimentazione o a uno qualsiasi degli eccipienti.
    11. Controindicazioni secondo il riassunto delle caratteristiche del prodotto di riociguat (ad es. ipotensione arteriosa con pressione sanguigna sistolica <95 mmHg; nitrati).
    12. Partecipazione a qualsiasi studio clinico su farmaci nelle 4 settimane precedenti lo screening di questo studio e/o paziente che deve ricevere un medicinale in fase di sperimentazione (PIM) nel corso di questo studio.
    13. Terapia di fondo con farmaci altamente antifibrotici (pirfenidone ) o nintedanib, prednisolone >10 mg/die o qualsiasi altro trattamento specifico per la PAH.
    E.5 End points
    E.5.1Primary end point(s)
    The evaluation of the primary efficacy endpoint will be the change from baseline to 24 weeks in pulmonary vascular resistance. The primary analysis set will be the intention to treat set.
    The main comparison will be the difference in treatment effect between riociguat (MK-4836) and placebo. 95% confidence intervals of treatment difference will also be calculated. The primary comparison will be an ANCOVA model including baseline scores as covariate.
    If the preconditions for an ANCOVA analysis are not met, the primary endpoint will be analysed by robust, two-sided t-test (Welch-test).
    La valutazione dell'endpoint primario di efficacia sarà la variazione della resistenza vascolare polmonare dal basale a 24 settimane. Il set di analisi primario sarà quello dell'intention to treat.
    Il confronto principale sarà la differenza nell'effetto del trattamento tra riociguat (MK-4836) e placebo. Saranno calcolati anche gli intervalli di confidenza al 95% della differenza di trattamento. Il confronto principale sarà un modello ANCOVA che includerà i punteggi basali come covariata.
    Se i prerequisiti per un'analisi ANCOVA non sono soddisfatti, l'endpoint primario sarà analizzato con un test t robusto a due facce (test di Welch).
    E.5.1.1Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point
    • Screening Phase: up to 28 days before treatment start
    • Treatment phase: 24 weeks ± 14 days including 8 weeks titration
    phase and 16 weeks continuation phase.
    • Safety follow-up: patient's well-being will be monitored by phone
    after 30 ± 7 days after last intake of study.
    • Survival follow-up: survival at study termination / last patient out
    - Fase di screening: fino a 28 giorni prima dell'inizio del trattamento
    - Fase di trattamento: 24 settimane ± 14 giorni, di cui 8 settimane di titolazione e 16 settimane di continuazione.
    e 16 settimane di continuazione.
    - Follow-up di sicurezza: il benessere del paziente sarà monitorato telefonicamente
    dopo 30 ± 7 giorni dall'ultima assunzione dello studio.
    - Follow-up di sopravvivenza: sopravvivenza al termine dello studio/all'ultimo paziente uscito.
    E.5.2Secondary end point(s)
    Secondary parameters at baseline and during follow-up will be compared between groups comparing the difference between baseline and follow-up visits. Data will be displayed by means and standard deviations, medians and variances with respective 95% confidence intervals. p-values <0.05 will be considered as statistically significant.
    Secondary endpoints will be statistically analysed by a hierarchical testing strategy using the two-sided student’s t-test with comparison of the differences between riociguat (MK-4836) and placebo.
    It is assumed that WHO functional class will either remain the same, improve by one or two categories, or deteriorate by one category in most cases. A change score (baseline minus end of study) will be calculated, which could go from -3 (class IV at baseline and class I at end of study) to +4 (class I at baseline, death at end of study), but in practice for those patients still alive at the end of the study it will most likely range from -2 to +1.
    The safety analysis will be performed in the population valid for safety. All tabulations will be descriptive only. Tables will be produced for drug-related treatment-emergent adverse events and serious adverse events. Further tables will be produced for serious and/or drug-related treatment-emergent adverse events.
    Mortality in the 24-week period of the study will be summarized descriptively. Any deaths in the study period will be listed, with day of death relative to start and stop of study drug and cause of death.
    I parametri secondari al basale e durante il follow-up saranno confrontati tra i gruppi confrontando la differenza tra le visite al basale e quelle di follow-up. I dati saranno visualizzati con medie e deviazioni standard, mediane e varianze con i rispettivi intervalli di confidenza al 95%. I valori di p <0,05 saranno considerati statisticamente significativi.
    Gli endpoint secondari saranno analizzati statisticamente con una strategia di test gerarchici utilizzando il t-test di Student a due facce per confrontare le differenze tra riociguat (MK-4836) e placebo.
    Si presume che la classe funzionale WHO rimanga invariata, migliori di una o due categorie o peggiori di una categoria nella maggior parte dei casi. Verrà calcolato un punteggio di variazione (basale meno fine studio), che potrebbe andare da -3 (classe IV al basale e classe I alla fine dello studio) a +4 (classe I al basale, morte alla fine dello studio), ma in pratica per i pazienti ancora vivi alla fine dello studio sarà molto probabilmente compreso tra -2 e +1.
    L'analisi della sicurezza sarà effettuata nella popolazione valida per la sicurezza. Tutte le tabelle saranno solo descrittive. Verranno prodotte tabelle per gli eventi avversi correlati al trattamento e per gli eventi avversi gravi. Altre tabelle saranno prodotte per gli eventi avversi gravi e/o correlati al trattamento.
    La mortalità nel periodo di 24 settimane dello studio sarà riassunta in modo descrittivo. Tutti i decessi avvenuti nel periodo di studio saranno elencati, con il giorno del decesso relativo all'inizio e all'interruzione del farmaco in studio e la causa del decesso.
    E.5.2.1Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point
    Data will be obtained at baseline, after 12 and 24 weeks.
    30 days after last study drug intake, a safety follow-up by phone will be
    performed.
    At study termination, survival will be assessed by phone.
    I dati saranno ottenuti al basale, dopo 12 e 24 settimane.
    30 giorni dopo l'assunzione dell'ultimo farmaco in studio, verrà effettuato un follow-up telefonico di sicurezza.
    telefonicamente.
    Al termine dello studio, verrà valutata telefonicamente la sopravvivenza.
    E.6 and E.7 Scope of the trial
    E.6Scope of the trial
    E.6.1Diagnosis No
    E.6.2Prophylaxis No
    E.6.3Therapy Yes
    E.6.4Safety Yes
    E.6.5Efficacy Yes
    E.6.6Pharmacokinetic No
    E.6.7Pharmacodynamic No
    E.6.8Bioequivalence No
    E.6.9Dose response No
    E.6.10Pharmacogenetic No
    E.6.11Pharmacogenomic No
    E.6.12Pharmacoeconomic No
    E.6.13Others No
    E.7Trial type and phase
    E.7.1Human pharmacology (Phase I) No
    E.7.1.1First administration to humans No
    E.7.1.2Bioequivalence study No
    E.7.1.3Other No
    E.7.1.3.1Other trial type description
    E.7.2Therapeutic exploratory (Phase II) Yes
    E.7.3Therapeutic confirmatory (Phase III) No
    E.7.4Therapeutic use (Phase IV) No
    E.8 Design of the trial
    E.8.1Controlled Yes
    E.8.1.1Randomised Yes
    E.8.1.2Open No
    E.8.1.3Single blind No
    E.8.1.4Double blind Yes
    E.8.1.5Parallel group No
    E.8.1.6Cross over No
    E.8.1.7Other No
    E.8.2 Comparator of controlled trial
    E.8.2.1Other medicinal product(s) No
    E.8.2.2Placebo Yes
    E.8.2.3Other No
    E.8.2.4Number of treatment arms in the trial2
    E.8.3 The trial involves single site in the Member State concerned Yes
    E.8.4 The trial involves multiple sites in the Member State concerned No
    E.8.4.1Number of sites anticipated in Member State concerned1
    E.8.5The trial involves multiple Member States Yes
    E.8.5.1Number of sites anticipated in the EEA6
    E.8.6 Trial involving sites outside the EEA
    E.8.6.1Trial being conducted both within and outside the EEA Yes
    E.8.6.2Trial being conducted completely outside of the EEA Information not present in EudraCT
    E.8.6.3If E.8.6.1 or E.8.6.2 are Yes, specify the regions in which trial sites are planned
    Austria
    France
    Switzerland
    Germany
    Italy
    United Kingdom
    E.8.7Trial has a data monitoring committee No
    E.8.8 Definition of the end of the trial and justification where it is not the last visit of the last subject undergoing the trial
    LVLS including Survival follow-up by phone for all patients.
    LVLS, compreso il follow-up della sopravvivenza per telefono per tutti i pazienti.
    E.8.9 Initial estimate of the duration of the trial
    E.8.9.1In the Member State concerned years4
    E.8.9.1In the Member State concerned months6
    E.8.9.1In the Member State concerned days0
    E.8.9.2In all countries concerned by the trial years4
    E.8.9.2In all countries concerned by the trial months6
    E.8.9.2In all countries concerned by the trial days0
    F. Population of Trial Subjects
    F.1 Age Range
    F.1.1Trial has subjects under 18 No
    F.1.1.1In Utero No
    F.1.1.2Preterm newborn infants (up to gestational age < 37 weeks) No
    F.1.1.3Newborns (0-27 days) No
    F.1.1.4Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months) No
    F.1.1.5Children (2-11years) No
    F.1.1.6Adolescents (12-17 years) No
    F.1.2Adults (18-64 years) Yes
    F.1.2.1Number of subjects for this age range: 50
    F.1.3Elderly (>=65 years) Yes
    F.1.3.1Number of subjects for this age range: 20
    F.2 Gender
    F.2.1Female Yes
    F.2.2Male Yes
    F.3 Group of trial subjects
    F.3.1Healthy volunteers No
    F.3.2Patients Yes
    F.3.3Specific vulnerable populations Yes
    F.3.3.1Women of childbearing potential not using contraception No
    F.3.3.2Women of child-bearing potential using contraception Yes
    F.3.3.3Pregnant women No
    F.3.3.4Nursing women No
    F.3.3.5Emergency situation No
    F.3.3.6Subjects incapable of giving consent personally No
    F.3.3.7Others No
    F.4 Planned number of subjects to be included
    F.4.1In the member state4
    F.4.2 For a multinational trial
    F.4.2.1In the EEA 50
    F.4.2.2In the whole clinical trial 70
    F.5 Plans for treatment or care after the subject has ended the participation in the trial (if it is different from the expected normal treatment of that condition)
    Riociguat (MK-4836) is not approved for the indications studied and therefore cannot be further prescribed after the end of the study. In case of development of manifest PAH, measured by RHC during Visit 3, a targeted PAH therapy will be initiated according to the guidelines. Otherwise the study medication will be discontinued. Patients will be offered a follow-up for 6 more months in terms of early detection any clinical deterioration.
    Riociguat (MK-4836) non è approvato per le indicazioni studiate e quindi non può essere ulteriormente prescritto dopo la fine dello studio. In caso di sviluppo di PAH manifesta, misurata mediante RHC durante la visita 3, verrà avviata una terapia mirata per la PAH secondo le linee guida. In caso contrario, i farmaci dello studio saranno sospesi. Ai pazienti verrà offerto un follow-up per altri 6 mesi per individuare precocemente eventuali deterioramenti clinici.
    G. Investigator Networks to be involved in the Trial
    N. Review by the Competent Authority or Ethics Committee in the country concerned
    N.Competent Authority Decision Authorised
    N.Date of Competent Authority Decision2023-04-27
    N.Ethics Committee Opinion of the trial applicationFavourable
    N.Ethics Committee Opinion: Reason(s) for unfavourable opinion
    N.Date of Ethics Committee Opinion2019-01-24
    P. End of Trial
    P.End of Trial StatusTrial now transitioned
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