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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A double-blind, randomised, multi-centre, controlled clinical trial to compare D-mannose versus antibiotic in the treatment of acute uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections in female patients

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2021-003466-12
    Trial protocol
    DE  
    Global end of trial date
    25 Aug 2023

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    13 Sep 2024
    First version publication date
    13 Sep 2024
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    MCMK0220
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    -
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    MCM Klosterfrau Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH
    Sponsor organisation address
    Gereonsmuehlengasse 1-11, Cologne, Germany, 50670
    Public contact
    Clinical Operations, MCM Klosterfrau Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH, clinical.operations@klosterfrau.de
    Scientific contact
    Clinical Operations, MCM Klosterfrau Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH, clinical.operations@klosterfrau.de
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    25 Aug 2023
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    25 Aug 2023
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    25 Aug 2023
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    At start of trial the European Association of Urology guidelines on urological infections (EAU Guidelines 2020) recommend oral antibiotics (e.g. fosfomycin trometamol, pivmecillinam, nitrofurantoin) as first-line treatment for acute lower urinary tract infection (UTI, also called cystitis) in women. This randomised controlled clinical trial aims to investigate D-mannose (Femannose® N) as stand-alone therapy for acute uncomplicated UTI to point out possible strategies for the avoidance of so far common antibiotic use.
    Protection of trial subjects
    In this study subjects with a diagnosed acute cystitis received a well established and approved treatment. Each subject was fully informed of all aspects of the study and provided informed consent prior to start of any study procedures. Subjects could withdraw from treatment at any time and for any reason. No specific additional measures were required to minimize distress given the nature of study.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    17 May 2022
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Germany: 118
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    118
    EEA total number of subjects
    118
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    108
    From 65 to 84 years
    10
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Adult female subjects were screened for study participation during regular visits when they attended the investigational site with symptoms of acute uncomplicated cystitis. Methods of subject recruitment could include, but were not limited to, e-mails, posters, advertisements on various channels.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    Sixteen out of 134 subjects failed to meet the inclusion and /or exclusion criteria or were excluded due to other reasons and therefore were not randomised or treated with the IMP or IMD.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    overall trial (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator, Monitor, Data analyst

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Arm 1
    Arm description
    D-mannose
    Arm type
    medical device

    Investigational medicinal product name
    D-mannose
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Granules for oral solution in sachet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Subjects in Arm 1 (D-mannose) received one sachet of IMP-matched placebo once on Day 1 and repeated doses of IMD (2 g of D-mannose per sachet) for 5 days. Subjects had to take one sachet of the IMD three times a day from Day 1 to Day 3 and one sachet two times a day on Day 4 and Day 5 (13 sachets).

    Arm title
    Arm 2
    Arm description
    Fosfomycin
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Fosfomycin
    Investigational medicinal product code
    J01XX01
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Powder for oral solution in sachet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Subjects in Arm 2 (Fosfomycin) received one sachet of IMP (3 g of Fosfomycin per sachet) once on Day 1 and repeated doses of IMD-matched placebo for 5 days. Subjects had to take one sachet of the IMD-matched placebo three times a day from Day 1 to Day 3 and one sachet two times a day on Day 4 and Day 5 (13 sachets).

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Arm 1 Arm 2
    Started
    61
    57
    Day 8
    58
    56
    Completed
    47
    46
    Not completed
    14
    11
         Physician decision
    -
    1
         e.g.need for additional antibiotic therapy for UTI
    11
    9
         Adverse event, non-fatal
    2
    1
         Protocol deviation
    1
    -

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Arm 1
    Reporting group description
    D-mannose

    Reporting group title
    Arm 2
    Reporting group description
    Fosfomycin

    Reporting group values
    Arm 1 Arm 2 Total
    Number of subjects
    61 57 118
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Adults (18-64 years)
    57 51 108
        From 65-84 years
    4 6 10
        85 years and over
    0 0 0
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    61 57 118
        Male
    0 0 0
    Subject analysis sets

    Subject analysis set title
    Per protocol
    Subject analysis set type
    Per protocol
    Subject analysis set description
    The PPS for the efficacy analyses included all subjects who did not show any relevant protocol deviation and were classified as clinically evaluable. The PPS cohort could be considered as the more conservative cohort with respect to study results in a non-inferiority setting and the primary analysis set in this study.

    Subject analysis set title
    Safety Evaluation Population
    Subject analysis set type
    Safety analysis
    Subject analysis set description
    identical to full analysis set

    Subject analysis sets values
    Per protocol Safety Evaluation Population
    Number of subjects
    111
    118
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Adults (18-64 years)
    101
    108
        From 65-84 years
    10
    10
        85 years and over
    0
    0
    Age continuous
    Units:
        
    ( )
    ( )
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    111
    118
        Male
    0
    0

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Arm 1
    Reporting group description
    D-mannose

    Reporting group title
    Arm 2
    Reporting group description
    Fosfomycin

    Subject analysis set title
    Per protocol
    Subject analysis set type
    Per protocol
    Subject analysis set description
    The PPS for the efficacy analyses included all subjects who did not show any relevant protocol deviation and were classified as clinically evaluable. The PPS cohort could be considered as the more conservative cohort with respect to study results in a non-inferiority setting and the primary analysis set in this study.

    Subject analysis set title
    Safety Evaluation Population
    Subject analysis set type
    Safety analysis
    Subject analysis set description
    identical to full analysis set

    Primary: Clinical cure at Day 8

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    End point title
    Clinical cure at Day 8
    End point description
    For this pilot study a range of different endpoints, analyzed individually or in combination in the acute phase (until Day 8, Visit 2) or overall, was defined containing percentage of subjects with "clinical cure-main variation". Missings at visit 2 were replaced by data from Day 8 (+/-1Day) or - if data not available - excluded from analysis. Once clinical cure was reached on a specific study day, clinical cure was considered to persist on all following days until recurrence of UTI was observed or until the day of study termination.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Day 8 (+/- 1day)
    End point values
    Arm 1 Arm 2
    Number of subjects analysed
    57
    54
    Units: percent
        number (confidence interval 95%)
    82.5 (72.6 to 92.3)
    92.6 (85.6 to 99.6)
    Statistical analysis title
    Risk-difference
    Statistical analysis description
    Non-inferiority of D-mannose versus Fosfomycin was analyzed using the test on so-called ‘risk-difference’ (in the current study, i.e. a difference in clinical cure rates) including 95% two-sided Wald confidence intervals (CIs). Non-inferiority could be concluded in case the lower limit of CI of above p-differences does not cross -0.15.
    Comparison groups
    Arm 1 v Arm 2
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    111
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    non-inferiority
    Method
    Parameter type
    Risk difference (RD)
    Point estimate
    -10.1
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -22.2
         upper limit
    2

    Secondary: Global judgement of tolerability (by investigator)

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    End point title
    Global judgement of tolerability (by investigator)
    End point description
    Missing data at Visit 2 is imputed with the worst category in case the missingness is due to the withdrawal reason 'Appearance of non-tolerable adverse events',which is associated with a lack of tolerability.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Visit 2 (Day 8)
    End point values
    Arm 1 Arm 2
    Number of subjects analysed
    61
    57
    Units: percent
    number (not applicable)
        Very good
    73.8
    56.1
        Good
    18.0
    26.3
        Moderate
    0
    7.0
        Poor
    0
    1.8
        Very poor
    3.3
    1.8
        Missing
    1.6
    7.0
        Drop-out
    3.3
    0
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Global judgement of tolerability (by subject)

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    End point title
    Global judgement of tolerability (by subject)
    End point description
    Missing data at Visit 2 is imputed with the worst category in case the missingness is due to the withdrawal reason 'Appearance of non-tolerable adverse events',which is associated with a lack of tolerability.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Visit 2 (Day 8)
    End point values
    Arm 1 Arm 2
    Number of subjects analysed
    61
    57
    Units: percent
    number (not applicable)
        Very good
    75.4
    50.9
        Good
    14.8
    31.6
        Moderate
    0
    7.0
        Poor
    0
    1.8
        Very poor
    4.9
    1.8
        Missing
    1.6
    7.0
        Drop-out
    3.3
    0
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Post-hoc: Post-hoc Clinical Cure at Day 8 (non-inferiority)

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    End point title
    Post-hoc Clinical Cure at Day 8 (non-inferiority)
    End point description
    clinical cure-main variation estimated with multiple imputations for missing data; persistence was not applied. Non-inferiority margin 15% as per protocol.
    End point type
    Post-hoc
    End point timeframe
    Day 8 (+/-1 day)
    End point values
    Arm 1 Arm 2
    Number of subjects analysed
    57
    54
    Units: percent
        number (confidence interval 95%)
    84.2 (72.1 to 92.5)
    83.5 (70.9 to 92.2)
    Statistical analysis title
    Risk-difference
    Comparison groups
    Arm 1 v Arm 2
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    111
    Analysis specification
    Post-hoc
    Analysis type
    non-inferiority
    Method
    Parameter type
    Risk difference (RD)
    Point estimate
    0.73
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -13.11
         upper limit
    14.57

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    overall trial
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    24.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Arm 1
    Reporting group description
    D-mannose

    Reporting group title
    Arm 2
    Reporting group description
    Fosfomycin

    Serious adverse events
    Arm 1 Arm 2
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 61 (0.00%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    Nervous system disorders
    Multiple sclerosis relapse
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 61 (0.00%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 0%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Arm 1 Arm 2
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    20 / 61 (32.79%)
    25 / 57 (43.86%)
    Nervous system disorders
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 61 (8.20%)
    6 / 57 (10.53%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    6
    Orthostatic intolerance
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 61 (1.64%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Sciatica
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 61 (0.00%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 61 (3.28%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 61 (1.64%)
    12 / 57 (21.05%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    12
    Abdominal discomfort
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 61 (0.00%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Abdominal distension
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 61 (0.00%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 61 (3.28%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Abdominal pain lower
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 61 (1.64%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 61 (1.64%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 61 (1.64%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Reproductive system and breast disorders
    Dysmenorrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 61 (1.64%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Cough
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 61 (0.00%)
    2 / 57 (3.51%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Back pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 61 (1.64%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Sacroiliac joint dysfunction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 61 (1.64%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Infections and infestations
    Nasopharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 61 (4.92%)
    4 / 57 (7.02%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    4
    Acute sinusitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 61 (1.64%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Conjunctivitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 61 (1.64%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Influenza
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 61 (0.00%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Oral candidiasis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 61 (1.64%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Respiratory tract infection viral
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 61 (0.00%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Tonsillitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 61 (1.64%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Upper respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 61 (1.64%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Vulvovaginal mycotic infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 61 (3.28%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Hyperlipidaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 61 (0.00%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    04 Oct 2022
    Substantial changes: Since the ACSS questionnaire is a fully validated instrument to confirm the appearance of an acute UTI, the sponsor decided to delete inclusion criterion no. 6 ’Urine culture (MSU) is positive for bacteria defined as ≥10^3 colony forming units (CFU) per mL urine of single or mixed culture of uropathogens’. This step had to ensure also for the future the inclusion of the correct subject population, but avoid any delayed exclusion for example due to false-positive or false-negative laboratory results. Nevertheless, the urine samples were still taken and results analysed statistically at study end. Thus, these changes did not impact methodology or data recording.
    18 Aug 2023
    Substantial changes: Sample size calculation was adapted and a statistical power approach incorporated. This was a pilot study in order to provide good estimators of endpoints and provide promising results, in specific with regard to clinical cure. Specifications in the endpoints were made additionally. These changes did not impact data recording.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

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