| E.1 Medical condition or disease under investigation | 
| E.1.1 | Medical condition(s) being investigated | 
| Low-grade inflammation in obesity |  
| Laaggradige inflammatie in obesitas |  | 
| E.1.1.1 | Medical condition in easily understood language | 
| Chronic inflammation in obesity |  
| Chronische onsteking in obesitas |  | 
| E.1.1.2 | Therapeutic area | Body processes [G] - Immune system processes [G12] | 
| MedDRA Classification | 
| E.1.2 Medical condition or disease under investigation | 
| 
| E.1.2 | Version | 20.0 |  
| E.1.2 | Level | PT |  
| E.1.2 | Classification code | 10029883 |  
| E.1.2 | Term | Obesity |  
| E.1.2 | System Organ Class | 10027433 - Metabolism and nutrition disorders |  | 
| E.1.2 Medical condition or disease under investigation | 
| 
| E.1.2 | Version | 24.1 |  
| E.1.2 | Level | PT |  
| E.1.2 | Classification code | 10033307 |  
| E.1.2 | Term | Overweight |  
| E.1.2 | System Organ Class | 10027433 - Metabolism and nutrition disorders |  | 
| E.1.3 | Condition being studied is a rare disease | No | 
| E.2 Objective of the trial | 
| E.2.1 | Main objective of the trial | 
| To study the causal role of inflammation in affecting food-related effort-based decision making in brain and behaviour in obese participants by employing a placebo-controlled intervention design with the anti-inflammatory agent colchicine. 
 |  
| Het onderzoeken van de causale effect van inflammatie op het voeding-gerelateerd keuzegedrag in het brein en gedrag in mensen met obesitas, door het uitvoeren van een placebo-gecontroleerd ontstekingsremmende interventie met de ontstekingsremmer colchicine. |  | 
| E.2.2 | Secondary objectives of the trial | 
| To study whether the primary objective translate to more ecologically valid measures/settings. |  
| Het onderzoeken hoe de primaire doelstelling zich vertaalt in meer ecologisch valide methoden/settings. |  | 
| E.2.3 | Trial contains a sub-study | No | 
| E.3 | Principal inclusion criteria | 
| General inclusion criteria: • BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2
 • Female sex
 • Age: 18-59 years
 • Right-handed
 • Low-grade inflammation, as defined by C-reactive protein (hsCRP) between 3.0 and 10.0 mg/L for BMI between 30-31 kg/m2, and hsCRP between 3.0 and 22.1 mg/L for BMI > 31 kg/m2.
 In case of a hsCRP level above these thresholds, the measurement is repeated after at least 4 weeks (as part of the FLAIR-o study, NL77503.091.21). For this second measurement the thresholds for inclusion are: hsCRP 3.0-19.7 for BMI between 30-31 kg/m2 and hsCRP 3.0-27.8 for BMI > 31 kg/m2.
 
 |  
| Algemene inclusiecriteria: • BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2
 • Geslacht: vrouw
 • Leeftijd: 18-59 jaar
 • Rechtshandig
 • Laaggradige inflammatie, aangetoond door C-reactive protein (hsCRP) tussen de 3.0 en 10.0 mg/L bij BMI tussen de 30-31 kg/m2, en hsCRP tussen de 3.0 en 22.1 mg/L bij BMI > 31 kg/m2
 In het geval van een hsCRP waarde boven deze waarden wordt de meting na minimaal 4 weken herhaald (als onderdeel van de FLAIR-o studie, as part of the FLAIR-o study, NL77503.091.21). Bij een tweede meting gelden dan de volgende afkapwaarden als inclusie: hsCRP 3.0-19.7 mg/L voor een BMI tussen de 30-31 kg/m2 en hsCRP 3.0-27.8 mg/L voor een BMI > 31 kg/m2.
 
 
 |  | 
| E.4 | Principal exclusion criteria | 
| • Diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus type I or II • Having been vaccinated in the 4 weeks preceding the first test session
 • Gained or lost >5 kg of body weight over the last 6 months
 • Followed an energy restricting diet during the last 2 months
 • Habitual smoking, i.e. one or more cigarettes per day
 • Current or history of alcohol and/or drugs abuse (i.e. >14 units per week)
 • Pregnant, lactating or wishing to become pregnant in the period between the screening and until 3 months after the last study visit (self-reported)
 • (History of) clinically significant psychiatric or neurological disorder
 • (History of) clinically significant metabolic, cardiovascular, renal, endocrinological, autoimmune or chronic inflammatory disease
 • General medical conditions, such as sensorimotor handicaps, deafness, blindness or colorblindness, as judged by the investigator
 • Regular use of anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-histamine and psychoactive medication
 • Regular use of CYP3A4 inhibitors, P-glycoprotein inhibitors, statins, fibrates, ciclosporin, and digoxin, as a contraindication for colchicine
 • Renal impairment as evidenced by serum creatinine >150 µmol/l or eGFR <50mL/min/1.73m2
 • Have moderate to severe hepatic disease
 • Contraindications for fMRI
 |  
| • Gediagnosticeerd met Diabetes Mellitus type I of II • Gevaccineerd zijn in de 4 weken voor de eerste test sessie
 • >5 kg aangekomen of afgevallen in de afgelopen 6 maanden
 • Een energiebeperkend dieet hebben gevolgd in de afgelopen 2 maanden
 • Roken (1 of meer sigaretten per dag)
 • Huidig of vroeger alcohol- of drugsmisbruik (meer dan 14 eenheden per week)
 • Zwanger, borstvoeding geven of de wens hebben om zwanger te worden in periode tussen de screening en tot 3maanden na de laatste studie-afspraak (zelf gerapporteerd)
 • (Vroegere) klinisch significante psychiatrische stoornis of neurologische aandoening
 • (Vroegere) klinisch significante metabole, cardiovasculaire, endocrinologische, autoimmuun, nier- of chronische ontstekingsziekte/aandoening
 • Algemene medische conditie, zoals sensorimotorische handicaps, doofheid, blindheid, kleurenblindheid, zoalsbeoordeeld door de onderzoeker
 • Regelmatig gebruik van ontstekingsremmende, anti-diabetes, anti-histamine en psychoactieve medicatie
 • Regelmatig gebruik van CYP3A4 remmers, P-glycoprotein remmers, statines, fibraten, ciclosporine, and digoxine
 • Nierfalen, aangetoond door serum creatinine >150 µmol/l of eGFR <50mL/min/1.73m2
 • Matig tot ernstige leverziekte
 • Contra-indicaties voor MRI
 |  | 
| E.5 End points | 
| E.5.1 | Primary end point(s) | 
| The main outcomes are brain activity and behavioural weightings of effort and reward valuation, measured by functional MRI and by a behavioural effort-based decision-making task. |  
| De belangrijkste uitkomstmaten zijn hersenactiviteit en gedragsmatige wegingen van inspanning en beloning, gemeten door functionele MRI en door een taak waarin inspanningsgerelateerd keuzegedrag wordt gemeten. 
 |  | 
| E.5.1.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point | 
| At baseline (as part of a larger observatory study, the FLAIR-o) and after the trial period. |  
| Op baseline (deel van een grotere observationele studie, de FLAIR-o) en na de trial periode. |  | 
| E.5.2 | Secondary end point(s) | 
| Secondary outcomes are effort- and reward-related food intake in the lab, anhedonia, reward anticipation, and active behaviour in daily life, measured by Experience Sampling Method and qualitative interviews. |  
| Secondaire uitkomstmaten zijn inspanning- en beloning-gerelateerde voedselinname in het lab, anhedonia, anticipatie van beloning, en actief gedrag in het dagelijks leven, gemeten door de Experience Sampling Method en kwalitatieve interviews. |  | 
| E.5.2.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point | 
| At baseline (as part of a larger observational study, the FLAIR-o study, NL77503.091.21) and after the intervention period. |  
| Op baseline (deel van een grotere observationele studie, de FLAIR-o studie, NL77503.091.21) en na de interventieperiode. |  | 
| E.6 and E.7 Scope of the trial | 
| E.6 | Scope of the trial | 
| E.6.1 | Diagnosis | No | 
| E.6.2 | Prophylaxis | No | 
| E.6.3 | Therapy | Yes | 
| E.6.4 | Safety | No | 
| E.6.5 | Efficacy | No | 
| E.6.6 | Pharmacokinetic | No | 
| E.6.7 | Pharmacodynamic | No | 
| E.6.8 | Bioequivalence | No | 
| E.6.9 | Dose response | No | 
| E.6.10 | Pharmacogenetic | No | 
| E.6.11 | Pharmacogenomic | No | 
| E.6.12 | Pharmacoeconomic | No | 
| E.6.13 | Others | No | 
| E.7 | Trial type and phase | 
| E.7.1 | Human pharmacology (Phase I) | No | 
| E.7.1.1 | First administration to humans | No | 
| E.7.1.2 | Bioequivalence study | No | 
| E.7.1.3 | Other | No | 
| E.7.1.3.1 | Other trial type description |  | 
| E.7.2 | Therapeutic exploratory (Phase II) | No | 
| E.7.3 | Therapeutic confirmatory (Phase III) | No | 
| E.7.4 | Therapeutic use (Phase IV) | Yes | 
| E.8 Design of the trial | 
| E.8.1 | Controlled | Yes | 
| E.8.1.1 | Randomised | Yes | 
| E.8.1.2 | Open | No | 
| E.8.1.3 | Single blind | No | 
| E.8.1.4 | Double blind | Yes | 
| E.8.1.5 | Parallel group | No | 
| E.8.1.6 | Cross over | No | 
| E.8.1.7 | Other | No | 
| E.8.2 | Comparator of controlled trial | 
| E.8.2.1 | Other medicinal product(s) | No | 
| E.8.2.2 | Placebo | Yes | 
| E.8.2.3 | Other | No | 
| E.8.2.4 | Number of treatment arms in the trial | 2 | 
| E.8.3 | The trial involves single site in the Member State concerned | Yes | 
| E.8.4 | The trial involves multiple sites in the Member State concerned | No | 
| E.8.5 | The trial involves multiple Member States | No | 
| E.8.6 Trial involving sites outside the EEA | 
| E.8.6.1 | Trial being conducted both within and outside the EEA | No | 
| E.8.6.2 | Trial being conducted completely outside of the EEA | No | 
| E.8.7 | Trial has a data monitoring committee | Yes | 
| E.8.8 | Definition of the end of the trial and justification where it is not the last
                        visit of the last subject undergoing the trial |  | 
| E.8.9 Initial estimate of the duration of the trial | 
| E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned years | 2 | 
| E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned months | 0 | 
| E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned days | 0 |