E.1 Medical condition or disease under investigation |
E.1.1 | Medical condition(s) being investigated |
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension |
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E.1.1.1 | Medical condition in easily understood language |
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension is a condition in which the pressure in the blood vessels going to the lungs (the pulmonary arteries) is higher than normal |
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E.1.1.2 | Therapeutic area | Diseases [C] - Cardiovascular Diseases [C14] |
MedDRA Classification |
E.1.2 Medical condition or disease under investigation |
E.1.2 | Version | 21.1 |
E.1.2 | Level | PT |
E.1.2 | Classification code | 10064911 |
E.1.2 | Term | Pulmonary arterial hypertension |
E.1.2 | System Organ Class | 10038738 - Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders |
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E.1.3 | Condition being studied is a rare disease | Yes |
E.2 Objective of the trial |
E.2.1 | Main objective of the trial |
The Primary Objective is to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of macitentan and its active metabolite (aprocitentan) in children aged 1 month to <2 years. |
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E.2.2 | Secondary objectives of the trial |
The Secondary Objectives are: - To evaluate the safety and tolerability of macitentan in children aged 1 month to <2 years. Overall safety will be assessed. - To evaluate the PK of macitentan and its active metabolite (aprocitentan) in children aged 1 month to <2 years. |
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E.2.3 | Trial contains a sub-study | No |
E.3 | Principal inclusion criteria |
Age 1. Pediatric participants aged 1 month to <2 years (at Screening).
Type of Participant and Disease Characteristic 2. Pulmonary arterial hypertension including participants with Down syndrome. Diagnosis must have been confirmed by (historical, any time before screening) right heart catheterization mPAP ≥25 mmHg, pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) ≤15 mmHg, pulmonary vascular resistance index >3Wood units × m2) where in the absence of pulmonary vein obstruction and/or significant lung disease PAWP can be replaced left atrium pressure or left ventricular end diastolic pressure (in the absence of mitral stenosis) assessed by heart catheterization. a. Idiopathic PAH, or b. Heritable PAH, or c. PAH associated with congenital heart disease i. Eisenmenger syndrome (Qp/Qs <1.5 and saturation of peripheral oxygen ≤90% measured by pulse oximetry at room air), or ii. Inoperable open left-to-right shunts (with a PVR >8 WU and Qp/Qs <2), or iii. Co-incidental shunt (ie, not explaining hemodynamically the presence of PAH), or iv. Post-operative PAH (persisting/recurring/developing ≥6 months after repair of shunt), or d. Drug or toxin induced PAH, or e. PAH associated with HIV. 3. WHO FC I, II, or III. 4. PAH-specific treatment-naive participants or participants on PAH specific monotherapy or combination of 2 therapies. Use of macitentan before or during screening is allowed.
Weight 5. Body weight of ≥3.5 kg. |
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E.4 | Principal exclusion criteria |
Medical Conditions 1. PAH due to portal hypertension, schistosomiasis, pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and/or pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis. 2. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. 3. The following congenital cardiac abnormalities: a. Cyanotic congenital cardiac lesions such as transposition of the great arteries, truncus arteriosus, pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect, unless operatively repaired and with no residual shunt. b. Univentricular heart and/or participants with Fontan-palliation. 4. Pulmonary hypertension due to lung disease. 5. Known diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. 6. Pulmonary vein stenosis. 7. Known concomitant life-threatening disease with life expectancy <12 months. 8. Alanine transaminase and/or AST >3 ×ULN. 9. Severe hepatic impairment, eg, Child-Pugh Class C. 10. Hemoglobin or hematocrit <75% of the lower limit of normal range (for age). 11. Clinical signs of hypotension which in the investigator’s judgment would preclude initiation of a PAH-specific therapy. 12. Severe renal insufficiency (estimated creatinine clearance <30 mL/min or serum creatinine >221 μmol/L). 13. Known allergies, hypersensitivity, or intolerance to ERAs or macitentan or its excipients. 14. Known hereditary fructose intolerance.
Prior/Concomitant Therapy 15. Triple combination therapy with PAH-specific treatments. 16. Treatment with intravenous or subcutaneous prostanoids within 4 weeks before Visit 2 (Day 1) unless given for vasoreactive testing. 17. Any PAH-related surgical intervention planned, or participants listed for organ transplantation related to PAH. 18. Treatment with strong inducers of CYP3A4 such as rifabutin, rifampicin, rifapentin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, St. John’s wort (hypericum perforatum), within 4 weeks prior to Visit 2 (Day 1). 19. Systemic treatment with strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 such as boceprevir, clarithromycin, conivaptan, indinavir, itraconazole, ketoconazole, nefazodone, nelfinavir, posaconazole, ritonavir, saquinavir, telaprevir, telithromycin, and voriconazole within 4 weeks prior to Visit 2 (Day 1). 20. Systemic treatment with moderate dual CYP3A4/CYP2C9 inhibitor (eg, fluconazole and amiodarone), or administration of a combination of a moderate CYP3A4 (eg, ciprofloxacin, cyclosporine, diltiazem, erythromycin, verapamil) together with a moderate CYP2C9 inhibitor (eg, miconazole, piperine) within 4 weeks prior to Visit 2 (Day 1). 21. Switching PAH treatment from an ERA (eg, bosentan, ambrisentan) to macitentan when a participant’s clinical condition is unstable or undergoing continuous deterioration.
Prior/Concurrent Clinical Study Experience 22. Received an investigational intervention (including investigational vaccines) or used an invasive investigational medical device within 4 weeks prior to Visit 2 (Day 1) or is currently enrolled in an investigational study.
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E.5 End points |
E.5.1 | Primary end point(s) |
Primary endpoint is trough concentrations of macitentan and its active metabolite (aprocitentan) at Week 4 (steady-state). |
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E.5.1.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point |
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E.5.2 | Secondary end point(s) |
Secondary end points are: 1. Adverse events and serious adverse events. 2. Adverse events leading to premature discontinuation of macitentan. 3. Adverse events of special interest. 4. Marked laboratory abnormalities. 5. Change from baseline in selected laboratory parameters to all scheduled assessment timepoints. 6. Change from baseline in vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate) to all scheduled assessment timepoints. 7. Growth (body weight and length/height) from baseline to all scheduled assessment timepoints. 8. Concentrations of macitentan and its active metabolite (aprocitentan) at 2, 5, and 24 hours after the first dose of macitentan for macitentan naive participants. 9. Trough concentrations of macitentan and its active metabolite (aprocitentan) at Week 8 (steady-state conditions). |
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E.5.2.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point |
1-7. Throughout the study. 8. 2, 5, and 24 hours after the first dose of macitentan 9. Week 8 |
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E.6 and E.7 Scope of the trial |
E.6 | Scope of the trial |
E.6.1 | Diagnosis | No |
E.6.2 | Prophylaxis | No |
E.6.3 | Therapy | No |
E.6.4 | Safety | Yes |
E.6.5 | Efficacy | Yes |
E.6.6 | Pharmacokinetic | Yes |
E.6.7 | Pharmacodynamic | No |
E.6.8 | Bioequivalence | No |
E.6.9 | Dose response | No |
E.6.10 | Pharmacogenetic | No |
E.6.11 | Pharmacogenomic | No |
E.6.12 | Pharmacoeconomic | No |
E.6.13 | Others | Yes |
E.6.13.1 | Other scope of the trial description |
Tolerability; Palatability and Acceptability (exploratory) - Efficacy is exploratory |
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E.7 | Trial type and phase |
E.7.1 | Human pharmacology (Phase I) | Yes |
E.7.1.1 | First administration to humans | No |
E.7.1.2 | Bioequivalence study | No |
E.7.1.3 | Other | Yes |
E.7.1.3.1 | Other trial type description |
Pharmacokinetics, and safety and tolerability of macitentan |
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E.7.2 | Therapeutic exploratory (Phase II) | No |
E.7.3 | Therapeutic confirmatory (Phase III) | No |
E.7.4 | Therapeutic use (Phase IV) | No |
E.8 Design of the trial |
E.8.1 | Controlled | No |
E.8.1.1 | Randomised | No |
E.8.1.2 | Open | Yes |
E.8.1.3 | Single blind | No |
E.8.1.4 | Double blind | No |
E.8.1.5 | Parallel group | No |
E.8.1.6 | Cross over | No |
E.8.1.7 | Other | No |
E.8.2 | Comparator of controlled trial |
E.8.2.1 | Other medicinal product(s) | No |
E.8.2.2 | Placebo | No |
E.8.2.3 | Other | No |
E.8.2.4 | Number of treatment arms in the trial | 1 |
E.8.3 |
The trial involves single site in the Member State concerned
| No |
E.8.4 | The trial involves multiple sites in the Member State concerned | Yes |
E.8.4.1 | Number of sites anticipated in Member State concerned | 2 |
E.8.5 | The trial involves multiple Member States | Yes |
E.8.5.1 | Number of sites anticipated in the EEA | 4 |
E.8.6 Trial involving sites outside the EEA |
E.8.6.1 | Trial being conducted both within and outside the EEA | No |
E.8.6.2 | Trial being conducted completely outside of the EEA | No |
E.8.7 | Trial has a data monitoring committee | Yes |
E.8.8 |
Definition of the end of the trial and justification where it is not the last
visit of the last subject undergoing the trial
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E.8.9 Initial estimate of the duration of the trial |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned years | 1 |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned months | 8 |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned days | 28 |
E.8.9.2 | In all countries concerned by the trial years | 1 |
E.8.9.2 | In all countries concerned by the trial months | 10 |