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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A PHASE II STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF PLASMA EXCHANGE WITH 5% ALBUMIN IN BETA-AMYLOID PEPTIDE CLEARANCE IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID, AND ITS EFFECTS IN PATIENTS WITH MILD-MODERATE ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2007-000414-36
    Trial protocol
    ES  
    Global end of trial date
    07 Mar 2011

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    03 Jul 2016
    First version publication date
    03 Jul 2016
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    IG0602
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT00742417
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Instituto Grifols S.A.
    Sponsor organisation address
    Can Guasch 2, Parets del Vallès, Spain, 08150
    Public contact
    Mireia Torres, Instituto Grifols S.A., +34 935712273, mireia.torres@grifols.com
    Scientific contact
    Mireia Torres, Instituto Grifols S.A., +34 935712273, mireia.torres@grifols.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    07 Mar 2011
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    No
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    07 Mar 2011
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To determine whether plasma exchange with 5% human albumin is able to modify the concentration of beta-amyloid peptide in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the treatment group of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
    Protection of trial subjects
    The study characteristics will be duly described to all subjects amenable to participation in the trial (or to the legal representatives in the case the patient is unable) - followed by the request for free and voluntary authorization. The subject and the accepted legal representative of the subject will be informed of the nature, purpose and procedures of the study, with a description of the possible risks involved.
    Background therapy
    Receiving stable treatment with acetylcholine esterase inhibitors (AChEIs) for the previous three months prior to starting the trial.
    Evidence for comparator
    No comparators were used in this study. The control group was subjected to simulated plasma exchanges (without invasive procedures).
    Actual start date of recruitment
    20 Jul 2007
    Long term follow-up planned
    Yes
    Long term follow-up rationale
    Safety, Efficacy
    Long term follow-up duration
    6 Months
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United States: 9
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Spain: 33
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    42
    EEA total number of subjects
    33
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    17
    From 65 to 84 years
    25
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    2 weeks for screening and randomization of treatment and control group. Subjects were randomized in a 1:1 proportion. After screening and randomization, followed: 3 weeks of intensive treatment with 2 PE/week Followed by a 1,5 months (6 weeks) of maintenance treatment with 1 PE/week, and 3 months (12 weeks) of treatment with 1 PE/2weeks

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    After obtaining informed consent, there was a screening period of 2 weeks of 1 or more visits for each patient.

    Pre-assignment period milestones
    Number of subjects started
    48 [1]
    Number of subjects completed
    39

    Pre-assignment subject non-completion reasons
    Reason: Number of subjects
    Screening Failure: 4
    Reason: Number of subjects
    Physician decision: 1
    Reason: Number of subjects
    Withdrawal by Legal Representative: 1
    Reason: Number of subjects
    Consent withdrawn by subject: 3
    Notes
    [1] - The number of subjects reported to have started the pre-assignment period are not the same as the worldwide number enrolled in the trial. It is expected that these numbers will be the same.
    Justification: A total of 48 patients from 4 different centres were enrolled in the study, 42 of them were finally randomised: 21 patients were randomized to treatment and 21 patients to control. Of those, 39 subjects received at least 1 treatment. The overall study population has been considered to be the safety population (39 subjects) for age and gender purposes information.
    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall Study (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Single blind [2]
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Carer
    Blinding implementation details
    Neuropsychologists were also blinded. The control group was subjected to simulated plasma exchanges (without invasive procedures). A gauze dressing was placed on the subclavicular region, affixing a catheter of characteristics similar to the catheters used in the treatment group, and procedures simulating plasma exchange were carried out.

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Control Group (Sham)
    Arm description
    The control group was subjected to simulated plasma exchanges (without invasive procedures).
    Arm type
    Sham group

    Investigational medicinal product name
    No investigational medicinal product assigned in this arm
    Arm title
    Treatment Group
    Arm description
    18 Plasma Exchanges using Albutein 5%: • three weeks of intensive treatment with two plasma exchanges per week • six weeks of maintenance treatment with one weekly plasma exchange • three months of maintenance treatment with one plasma exchange every two weeks
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Albutein 5%
    Investigational medicinal product code
    B05AA01
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    The volume of each replacement was approximately that of the plasma volume of the subject as calculated from body weight, height and hematocrit (approximately 35-45 mL/kg, corresponding to a volume of 2500-3000 mL).

    Notes
    [2] - The number of roles blinded appears inconsistent with a single blinded trial. It is expected that there will be one role blinded in a single blind trial.
    Justification: This study is blind for patients, caregivers and raters.
    Number of subjects in period 1 [3]
    Control Group (Sham) Treatment Group
    Started
    20
    19
    Intensive Period
    20
    19
    Maintenance I Period
    19
    16
    Maintenance II Period
    19
    16
    Completed
    19
    16
    Not completed
    1
    3
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    1
    2
         Adverse event, non-fatal
    -
    1
    Notes
    [3] - The number of subjects reported to be in the baseline period are not the same as the worldwide number enrolled in the trial. It is expected that these numbers will be the same.
    Justification: Thirty nine (39) started the treatment while only 35 completed all the study procedures (Per protocol population). The overall study population has been considered to be the safety population (39 subjects).

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Overall Study
    Reporting group description
    There were 42 enrolled subjects and 3 out of them did not start the Intensive Period (treatment period) because were withdrawn due to the following reasons: Withdrawal by legal representative, Withdrawal by Subject and Physician Decision.

    Reporting group values
    Overall Study Total
    Number of subjects
    39 39
    Age categorical
    There were 42 enrolled subjects and 3 out of them did not start the Intensive Period (treatment period) because were withdrawn due to the following reasons: Withdrawal by legal representative, Withdrawal by Subject and Physician Decision.
    Units: Subjects
        Adults (18-64 years)
    17 17
        From 65-84 years
    22 22
    Age continuous
    There were 42 enrolled subjects and 3 out of them did not start the Intensive Period (treatment period) because were withdrawn due to the following reasons: Withdrawal by legal representative, Withdrawal by Subject and Physician Decision.
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    67.7 ( 7.9 ) -
    Gender categorical
    There were 42 enrolled subjects and 3 out of them did not start the Intensive Period (treatment period) because were withdrawn due to the following reasons: Withdrawal by legal representative, Withdrawal by Subject and Physician Decision.
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    30 30
        Male
    9 9
    Subject analysis sets

    Subject analysis set title
    FAS Population - Control Group
    Subject analysis set type
    Full analysis
    Subject analysis set description
    The efficacy analyses were performed with the FAS population which was defined as the set of subjects who were randomized and received at least three plasma exchange sessions during the intensive treatment phase (the three first weeks of treatment).

    Subject analysis set title
    FAS Population - Treatment Group
    Subject analysis set type
    Full analysis
    Subject analysis set description
    The efficacy analyses were performed with the FAS population which was defined as the set of subjects who were randomized and received at least three plasma exchange sessions during the intensive treatment phase (the three first weeks of treatment).

    Subject analysis sets values
    FAS Population - Control Group FAS Population - Treatment Group
    Number of subjects
    19
    18
    Age categorical
    There were 42 enrolled subjects and 3 out of them did not start the Intensive Period (treatment period) because were withdrawn due to the following reasons: Withdrawal by legal representative, Withdrawal by Subject and Physician Decision.
    Units: Subjects
        Adults (18-64 years)
    10
    6
        From 65-84 years
    9
    12
    Age continuous
    There were 42 enrolled subjects and 3 out of them did not start the Intensive Period (treatment period) because were withdrawn due to the following reasons: Withdrawal by legal representative, Withdrawal by Subject and Physician Decision.
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    66.8 ( 9 )
    67.7 ( 6.6 )
    Gender categorical
    There were 42 enrolled subjects and 3 out of them did not start the Intensive Period (treatment period) because were withdrawn due to the following reasons: Withdrawal by legal representative, Withdrawal by Subject and Physician Decision.
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    14
    15
        Male
    5
    3

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Control Group (Sham)
    Reporting group description
    The control group was subjected to simulated plasma exchanges (without invasive procedures).

    Reporting group title
    Treatment Group
    Reporting group description
    18 Plasma Exchanges using Albutein 5%: • three weeks of intensive treatment with two plasma exchanges per week • six weeks of maintenance treatment with one weekly plasma exchange • three months of maintenance treatment with one plasma exchange every two weeks

    Subject analysis set title
    FAS Population - Control Group
    Subject analysis set type
    Full analysis
    Subject analysis set description
    The efficacy analyses were performed with the FAS population which was defined as the set of subjects who were randomized and received at least three plasma exchange sessions during the intensive treatment phase (the three first weeks of treatment).

    Subject analysis set title
    FAS Population - Treatment Group
    Subject analysis set type
    Full analysis
    Subject analysis set description
    The efficacy analyses were performed with the FAS population which was defined as the set of subjects who were randomized and received at least three plasma exchange sessions during the intensive treatment phase (the three first weeks of treatment).

    Primary: Change from baseline in AB42 Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Levels

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    End point title
    Change from baseline in AB42 Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Levels
    End point description
    Change in levels of Aβ1-42 in CSF in the period between baseline lumbar puncture (before the start of treatment) and lumbar puncture immediately after the end of the last plasma exchange (whenever this may be). Separate assays of Aβ1-42 were performed with Innotest and The Genetics Company commercial kits.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline up to week 44.
    End point values
    FAS Population - Control Group FAS Population - Treatment Group
    Number of subjects analysed
    19
    18
    Units: pg/mL
    least squares mean (confidence interval 95%)
        Innotest
    -45.5 (-135.1 to 44.2)
    75.3 (-20 to 170.5)
        The Genetics Company
    -283 (-441.1 to -125)
    -86.2 (-253.9 to 81.5)
    Statistical analysis title
    Statistical hypothesis testing
    Statistical analysis description
    The analysis of the primary efficacy variable (change in Aβ1-42 levels in CSF) was carried out by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), with the change from baseline in Aβ1-42 in CSF at the last available measurement as dependent variable, treatment group as factor and the baseline level of Aβ1-42 in CSF as a covariate. The model assessed was the following: Yi = μ + Ti + Xi BASELINE + eit.
    Comparison groups
    FAS Population - Control Group v FAS Population - Treatment Group
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    37
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    other [1]
    P-value
    < 0.05 [2]
    Method
    ANCOVA
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (final values)
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -
         upper limit
    -
    Variability estimate
    Standard deviation
    Notes
    [1] - A calculation was made of the confidence intervals of the fitted means for each treatment group, and of the differences between them, based on the above analytical model.
    [2] - The statistical tests were performed with a 5% significance level and were two-sided. In addition to the tests, two-sided 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were reported.

    Secondary: P-Tau and Tau CSF Levels Throughout the Study.

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    End point title
    P-Tau and Tau CSF Levels Throughout the Study.
    End point description
    Levels of Tau and P-tau in CSF throughout the treatment phase and the follow-up phase (week 44).
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, week 02, week 08, week 20, week 33 and week 44
    End point values
    FAS Population - Control Group FAS Population - Treatment Group
    Number of subjects analysed
    19
    18
    Units: pg/mL
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        P-Tau (baseline) (Albutein n=18; Control n=19)
    79 ( 35.1 )
    87.7 ( 51.4 )
        P-Tau (week 02) (n=16; n=19)
    94.1 ( 46.7 )
    87.5 ( 43.8 )
        P-Tau (week 08) (n=15; n=18)
    78 ( 41.3 )
    78.9 ( 46.3 )
        P-Tau (week 20) (n=15; n=18)
    84.1 ( 36.8 )
    88.4 ( 42 )
        P-Tau (week 33) (n=14; n=15)
    78.7 ( 40.4 )
    91.9 ( 57.6 )
        P-Tau (week 44) (n=14; n=14)
    85.1 ( 46.5 )
    89.9 ( 54.5 )
        Tau (baseline) (n=18; n=19)
    589.6 ( 344.2 )
    571.2 ( 354.4 )
        Tau (week 02) (n=16; n=19)
    711 ( 388.8 )
    669.8 ( 496.8 )
        Tau (week 08) (n=15; n=18)
    526.3 ( 326.9 )
    482.2 ( 307.4 )
        Tau (week 20) (n=15; n=18)
    555.6 ( 308.3 )
    537.1 ( 253.5 )
        Tau (week 33) (n=14; n=15)
    483.5 ( 318.5 )
    539.5 ( 309.6 )
        Tau (week 44) (n=14; n=14)
    544.1 ( 347.4 )
    544.3 ( 299.4 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Aβ1−40 Plasma Levels Before and After Each Study Period (The Genetics Company)

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    End point title
    Aβ1−40 Plasma Levels Before and After Each Study Period (The Genetics Company)
    End point description
    Plasma levels of Aβ1−40 before and after the Intensive period, Maintenance period I, Maintenance period II and the Follow-up phase (using The Genetics Company commercial kits).
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, pre-plasma exchange 1 (PRE-PE1), post-plasma exchange 6 (POST-PE6), pre-plasma exchange 7 (PRE-PE7), post-plasma exchange 12 (POST-PE12), pre-plasma exchange 13 (PRE-PE13), post-plasma exchange 18 (POST-PE18), week 33 and week 44.
    End point values
    FAS Population - Control Group FAS Population - Treatment Group
    Number of subjects analysed
    19
    18
    Units: pg/mL
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Aβ1−40 Baseline (Albutein n=18; Control n=18)
    126.7 ( 43.2 )
    121.3 ( 52.6 )
        Aβ1−40 PRE-PE1 (Intensive) (n=18; n=19)
    105.8 ( 47.7 )
    120.3 ( 57.1 )
        Aβ1−40 POST-PE6 (Intensive) (n=15; n=19)
    123.9 ( 53.7 )
    255.7 ( 98.4 )
        Aβ1−40 PRE-PE7(Maintenance I) (n=14; n=17)
    139.7 ( 41.8 )
    150.7 ( 51.3 )
        Aβ1−40 POST-PE12 (Maintenance I) (n=14; n=18)
    150.4 ( 54.4 )
    287.1 ( 98.6 )
        Aβ1−40 PRE-PE13 (Maintenance II) (n=15; n=19)
    129.6 ( 40.3 )
    150 ( 66 )
        Aβ1−40 POST-PE18 (Maintenance II) (n=14; n=18)
    135.4 ( 50.2 )
    245.9 ( 102 )
        Follow up (33 week) (n=14; n=15)
    136.9 ( 37.3 )
    153.3 ( 50.6 )
        Follow up (44 week) (n=15; n=14)
    147.1 ( 23.4 )
    146.7 ( 41.7 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Aβ1−42 Plasma Levels Before and After Each Study Period (The Genetics Company).

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    End point title
    Aβ1−42 Plasma Levels Before and After Each Study Period (The Genetics Company).
    End point description
    Plasma levels of Aβ1−42 before and after the Intensive period, Maintenance period I, Maintenance period II and the Follow-up phase (using The Genetics Company commercial kits).
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, pre-plasma exchange 1 (PRE-PE1), post-plasma exchange 6 (POST-PE6), pre-plasma exchange 7 (PRE-PE7), post-plasma exchange 12 (POST-PE12), pre-plasma exchange 13 (PRE-PE13), post-plasma exchange 18 (POST-PE18 and week 44.
    End point values
    FAS Population - Control Group FAS Population - Treatment Group
    Number of subjects analysed
    19
    18
    Units: pg/mL
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Aβ1−42 Baseline (Albutein n=18; Control n=18)
    33.7 ( 81.4 )
    2.8 ( 9.3 )
        Aβ1−42 PRE-PE1 (Intensive) (n=18; n=19)
    20.9 ( 58.4 )
    6.6 ( 16.3 )
        Aβ1−42 POST-PE6 (Intensive) (n=15; n=19)
    4.9 ( 11.8 )
    9.8 ( 15.6 )
        Aβ1−42 PRE-PE7 (Maintenance) (n=14; n=17)
    4.5 ( 12.9 )
    0 ( 0 )
        Aβ1−42 POST-PE12 (Maintenance I) (n=14; n=18)
    5.9 ( 14.3 )
    10.7 ( 15.9 )
        Aβ1−42 PRE-PE13 (Maintenance II) (n=15; n=19)
    8.2 ( 17.2 )
    6.9 ( 11.8 )
        Aβ1−42 POST-PE18 (Maintenance II) (n=14; n=18)
    7.1 ( 14.3 )
    8 ( 16.7 )
        Follow up (44 week) (n=15; n=14)
    10.2 ( 18.2 )
    1.7 ( 6.6 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Aβ1−42 Plasma Levels Before and After Each Study Period (Innotest).

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    End point title
    Aβ1−42 Plasma Levels Before and After Each Study Period (Innotest).
    End point description
    Plasma levels of Aβ1−42 before and after the Intensive period, Maintenance period I, Maintenance period II and the Follow-up phase (using Innotest commercial kits).
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, pre-plasma exchange 1 (PRE-PE1), post-plasma exchange 6 (POST-PE6), pre-plasma exchange 7 (PRE-PE7), post-plasma exchange 12 (POST-PE12), pre-plasma exchange 13 (PRE-PE13), post-plasma exchange 18 (POST-PE18), week 33 and week 44.
    End point values
    FAS Population - Control Group FAS Population - Treatment Group
    Number of subjects analysed
    19
    18
    Units: pg/mL
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Aβ1−42 Baseline (Albutein n=18; Control n=18)
    49.5 ( 43.7 )
    40.1 ( 77.1 )
        Aβ1−42 PRE-PE1 (Intensive) (n=18; n=19)
    33.4 ( 29.1 )
    20.4 ( 21.5 )
        Aβ1−42 POST-PE6 (Intensive) (n=15; n=19)
    45.4 ( 31.3 )
    29.1 ( 23.2 )
        Aβ1−42 PRE-PE7 (Maintenance I) (n=14; n=17)
    58.5 ( 68.1 )
    29.5 ( 30.9 )
        Aβ1−42 POST-PE12 (Maintenance I) (n=14; n=18)
    41.4 ( 35.5 )
    25.1 ( 21 )
        Aβ1−42 PRE-PE13 (Maintenance II) (n=15; n=19)
    51.2 ( 48.3 )
    36.4 ( 35.9 )
        Aβ1−42 POST-PE18 (Maintenance II) (n=14; n=18)
    45.3 ( 42.4 )
    37.1 ( 40.9 )
        Follow up (33 week) (n=14; n=15)
    10.2 ( 16.7 )
    10.1 ( 12.9 )
        Follow up (44 week) (n=15; n=14)
    11.7 ( 20.8 )
    11.3 ( 11.4 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline to Week 44 in Cognitive, Functional and Neuropsychiatric Scores (MMSE, ADAS-Cog, NPS

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline to Week 44 in Cognitive, Functional and Neuropsychiatric Scores (MMSE, ADAS-Cog, NPS
    End point description
    Change in the cognitive, functional and neuropsychiatric scores and overall development. • MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination Score (range = 0 to 30, with lower values indicating impairment) • ADAS-Cog: Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale, Cognitive Subscale (range = 0 to 70, with higher values indicating impairment) • NPS (Neuropsychological battery): •SDMT (Symbol Digit Modalities Test, range = 0 to 110, with lower values indicating impairment), •SVF(Semantic Verbal Fluency Test, with a maximum of 44 words in 60 seconds), •PVF F, A and S (Phonetic Verbal Fluency Test, with a maximum of 44 words in 60 seconds), •BNT (Boston Naming Test, with a maximum of 15 pictures), •RAVLT (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, with 15 words the patient should listen and remind) • CSDD (Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, 0 = none; 1 =mild or intermittent; 2 = severe)
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Change from baseline at week 44.
    End point values
    FAS Population - Control Group FAS Population - Treatment Group
    Number of subjects analysed
    19
    18
    Units: units on a scale
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        MMSE (Albutein n=15; Control n=14)
    -3.8 ( 5.9 )
    -1.7 ( 3.2 )
        ADAS-Cog (n=15; n=14)
    6.6 ( 10.5 )
    3.9 ( 6.2 )
        NPS (SDMT) (n=15; n=14)
    -0.5 ( 2.5 )
    1.3 ( 11.2 )
        NPS (SVF) (n=15; n=14) (n=15; n=14)
    -0.4 ( 3.8 )
    2.5 ( 3.2 )
        NPS (PVF(F)) (n=15; n=14)
    0.6 ( 3.8 )
    -0.2 ( 2.6 )
        NPS (PVF(A)) (n=15; n=14)
    0.2 ( 3.2 )
    0.2 ( 3.4 )
        NPS (PVF(S)) (n=15; n=14)
    -0.6 ( 3.3 )
    1.1 ( 1.8 )
        NPS (BNT) (n=15; n=14)
    0.3 ( 4.1 )
    1.7 ( 2.5 )
        NPS (RAVLT Intermediate 1) (n=15; n=14)
    -0.1 ( 2 )
    1.1 ( 1.9 )
        NPS (RAVLT Intermediate 2) (n=15; n=14)
    -1 ( 1.5 )
    0.3 ( 1.6 )
        NPS (RAVLT Intermediate 3) (n=15; n=14)
    -0.3 ( 2 )
    0.1 ( 2.1 )
        NPS (RAVLT Intermediate 4) (n=15; n=14)
    -0.9 ( 2.5 )
    -1.1 ( 1.8 )
        NPS (RAVLT Intermediate 5) (n=15; n=14)
    -1.4 ( 1.8 )
    -0.3 ( 2.1 )
        NPS (RAVLT Delayed) (n=15; n=14)
    0.1 ( 1 )
    0.5 ( 1.6 )
        CSDD (patient) (n=10; n=7)
    -2.1 ( 5.6 )
    -0.8 ( 2.9 )
        CSDD (caregiver) (n=13; n=11)
    1.8 ( 3.7 )
    1 ( 4.1 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline to Week 44 in Cognitive, Functional and Neuropsychiatric Scores (ADCS-ADL, NPI, CDR-Sb and

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline to Week 44 in Cognitive, Functional and Neuropsychiatric Scores (ADCS-ADL, NPI, CDR-Sb and
    End point description
    Change in the cognitive, functional and neuropsychiatric scores and overall development. • ADCS-ADL: Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study/Activities Of Daily Living (23 questions describing daily activity of the subject and requests the informer to describe the actions or behaviors observed. Increased autonomy associated with higher scores, maximum of 78 points) • NPI: Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questions (12 symptom domains scored by frequency [range=0 to 4, higher values being more frequent] and severity [range=1 to 3, higher values being more severe], total score is sum of frequency x severity of all domains) • CDR-Sb: Clinical Dementia Rating (range=0 to 3, higher values being more severe) • ADCS-CGIC: Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study/Clinical Global Impression of Change (7-point Likert scale, 0=not assessed, 1=marked improvement, 2=moderate improvement, 3=minimal improvement, 4=no change, 5=minimal worsening, 6=moderate worsening and 7=marked worsening)
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Change from baseline at week 44.
    End point values
    FAS Population - Control Group FAS Population - Treatment Group
    Number of subjects analysed
    19
    18
    Units: units on a scale
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        ADCS-ADL (Albutein n=15; Control n=14)
    -4.9 ( 10.9 )
    -7.1 ( 11.4 )
        NPI (total score) (n=15; n=14)
    -4 ( 13.7 )
    -1.7 ( 14.1 )
        NPI (total distress) (n=15; n=14)
    3.6 ( 6.4 )
    -2.1 ( 7.8 )
        CDR Sb score (n=15; n=14)
    1.4 ( 3.3 )
    1.7 ( 1.5 )
        ADCS-CGIC (n=15; n=14)
    1.2 ( 1.1 )
    1.5 ( 0.7 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Structural Changes Variations Versus Baseline

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    End point title
    Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Structural Changes Variations Versus Baseline
    End point description
    Structural changes in volume of the hippocampus, posterior cingular area, and other associated areas by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Three measurements were made (week -2 or -1, 20 and 44). It was measured the variations versus the baseline.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Week 00 (baseline), week 20 and week 44
    End point values
    FAS Population - Control Group FAS Population - Treatment Group
    Number of subjects analysed
    20 [3]
    20 [4]
    Units: cubic centimeters (cc)
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Hippocampus L (week 00)
    1.91 ( 0.48 )
    1.9 ( 0.41 )
        Hippocampus L (week 20)
    1.85 ( 0.4 )
    1.76 ( 0.45 )
        Hippocampus L (week 44)
    1.76 ( 0.39 )
    1.64 ( 0.43 )
        Hippocampus R (week 00)
    2.14 ( 0.38 )
    2.04 ( 0.41 )
        Hippocampus R (week 20)
    2.07 ( 0.32 )
    1.98 ( 0.41 )
        Hippocampus R (week 44)
    1.96 ( 0.34 )
    1.88 ( 0.35 )
        Post Cingulate (week 00)
    10.38 ( 0.8 )
    10.6 ( 1.34 )
        Post Cingulate (week 20)
    10.39 ( 0.8 )
    10.22 ( 1.58 )
        Post Cingulate (week 44)
    10.23 ( 1.06 )
    10.6 ( 1.48 )
        Total Intracranial Volume (week 00)
    1064.38 ( 130.29 )
    1034.38 ( 99.77 )
        Total Intracranial Volume (week 20)
    1042.7 ( 119.93 )
    990.31 ( 83.42 )
        Total Intracranial Volume (week 44)
    1026.51 ( 148.43 )
    985.43 ( 86.1 )
    Notes
    [3] - 2 groups of patients analysed, treatment and control group, of 20 each group.
    [4] - 2 groups of patients analysed, treatment and control group, of 20 each group.
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Variations in Hypoperfusion Based on Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)

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    End point title
    Variations in Hypoperfusion Based on Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)
    End point description
    Percentage of patients with improved perfusion at the end of the study compared to their initial perfusion. Frontal, parietal and temporal lobes were evaluated from the quantified NeuroGam images. This rendered parametric images showed brain alterations with more than 2 standard deviations with respect to a normal data base. Initial parametric images were compared to the final ones and it was considered perfusion improvement those patients that showed less stretch and/or defect intensity.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    End of study.
    End point values
    FAS Population - Control Group FAS Population - Treatment Group
    Number of subjects analysed
    20 [5]
    20 [6]
    Units: percentatge of improvement
    number (not applicable)
        Parietal
    20
    25
        Temporal
    10
    25
        Frontal
    5
    5
    Notes
    [5] - 2 groups of patients analysed, treatment and control group, of 20 each group.
    [6] - 2 groups of patients analysed, treatment and control group, of 20 each group.
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    Primary criterion of safety was % of plasma exchange (PE) associated with at least one adverse event (AE) that may be related to the study procedure (adverse reaction).
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    In addition, global consideration will be made of the percentage PE involving some AE, whether or not related to the procedure. Vital signs, anxiety and restlessness tests and the criterion of the investigator were also used to evaluate patient safety.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    13.1
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Control Group
    Reporting group description
    Control group followed the same schedule; however, they did not undergo plasma replacement (it was subjected to simulated plasma replacements)

    Reporting group title
    Treatment Group
    Reporting group description
    18 Plasma Exchanges using Albutein 5%: • three weeks of intensive treatment with two plasma exchanges per week • six weeks of maintenance treatment with one weekly plasma exchange • three months of maintenance treatment with one plasma exchange every two weeks

    Serious adverse events
    Control Group Treatment Group
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
    3 / 19 (15.79%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    Nervous system disorders
    Loss of consciousness
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Partial seizures
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Medical device complication
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Cholangitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
    0 / 19 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Otitis media
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
    0 / 19 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Control Group Treatment Group
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    14 / 20 (70.00%)
    18 / 19 (94.74%)
    Vascular disorders
    Hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
    0 / 19 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Surgical and medical procedures
    Bunion operation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Urinary cystectomy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Asthenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Catheter site haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Fatigue
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    2 / 19 (10.53%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Cough
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Psychiatric disorders
    Aggression
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Anxiety
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
    4 / 19 (21.05%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    4
    Confusional state
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Delirium
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Depression
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Depressive symptom
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Disinhibition
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Insomnia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Investigations
    Weight decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Fall
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
    2 / 19 (10.53%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    2
    Procedural dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Nervous system disorders
    Dementia Alzheimer's type
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
    7 / 19 (36.84%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    7
    Eye disorders
    Ocular hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    1
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Photosensitivity reaction
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Back pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    1
    Muscle haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Pain in extremity
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Periarthritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Infections and infestations
    Bronchitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Device related infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
    5 / 19 (26.32%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    5
    Nasopharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
    2 / 19 (10.53%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    2
    Respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Upper respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Decreased appetite
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Hypercalcaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    24 Oct 2007
    (Spanish amendment only) 1. Increase of the sample size from 40 to 42 subjects to have 36 evaluable subjects. 2. To clarify the procedures and the simulation of the plasmapheresis and to detail the tests done at each study visit. 3. To summarize the secondary biomarkers for AD to be determined in each study period. 4. To detail the specific methodology for the neuropsychological tests. The RAV Learning Test has been detailed as well as the order and the scales at each visit. It has been also clarified the paper of the blinded evaluators who should administer the neuropsychological tests to the patients.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None.
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