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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Randomised Trial of Genetic Testing and Targeted Zoledronic acid therapy to Prevent SQSTM1 Mediated Paget's Disease (Zoledronate in the Prevention of Paget's).

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2008-005667-34
    Trial protocol
    GB   BE   IT   IE   ES  
    Global end of trial date
    01 Apr 2023

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    16 Jun 2023
    First version publication date
    16 Jun 2023
    Other versions
    Summary report(s)
    ZiPP Clinical Study Report

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    G0701625
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    ISRCTN11616770
    US NCT number
    -
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    ACCORD
    Sponsor organisation address
    47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, EH4 2XU
    Public contact
    Professor Stuart Ralston , University of Edinburgh, +44 1316518743, Stuart.Ralston@ed.ac.uk
    Scientific contact
    ACCORD, University of Edinburgh & NHS Lothian; ACCORD, +44 1316518743, enquiries@accord.scot
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    17 May 2023
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    No
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    01 Apr 2023
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To determine whether targeted intervention with Zoledronic acid can prevent the development of new focal bone lesions in carriers of SQSTM1 gene mutations. There will be an observational group in this study who have the same risk of developing paget's disease as the general population. The primary objective of the Observational study will be to determine if genetic testing impacts on quality of life or depression in participants who do not have SQSTM1 gene mutations.
    Protection of trial subjects
    The IDMC aimed to safeguard the interests of trial participants, assess the safety and efficacy of the interventions during the trial, and monitor the overall conduct of the clinical trial. To ensure safeguarding there was interim review of the trial’s progress including updated figures on recruitment, data quality, and main outcomes and safety data.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    25 Mar 2010
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Spain: 18
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United Kingdom: 134
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Belgium: 3
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Ireland: 10
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Italy: 19
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Australia: 34
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    New Zealand: 4
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    222
    EEA total number of subjects
    50
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    204
    From 65 to 84 years
    18
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    The first patient was randomised to the study on the 5th March 2010, and the final patient was randomised on the 16th April 2015. There was a total number of 222 participants randomised with 50% (N=111) being allocated to both treatments (Placebo, and Zoledronate 5mg). The recruitment of participants occurred at 25 sites across 7 countries.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    The study involved an initial phase of genetic screening to identify eligible participants. Patients with PDB attending outpatient clinics underwent genetic testing for SQSTM1 mutations using Sanger sequencing of exons 7 and 8 of SQSTM1 and the intron–exon boundaries using DNA extracted from a venous blood sample according to standard techniques.

    Pre-assignment period milestones
    Number of subjects started
    350 [1]
    Number of subjects completed
    222

    Pre-assignment subject non-completion reasons
    Reason: Number of subjects
    no reply: 11
    Reason: Number of subjects
    not interested: 83
    Reason: Number of subjects
    interested but not enrolled: 34
    Notes
    [1] - The number of subjects reported to have started the pre-assignment period are not the same as the worldwide number enrolled in the trial. It is expected that these numbers will be the same.
    Justification: The study involved an initial phase of genetic screening to identify eligible participants. Not all of those identified as eligible entered the full study
    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Baseline
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator
    Blinding implementation details
    The participants and investigators were blinded to treatment allocation. The ZA and placebo infusions were identical. Breaking the blind would only be performed where knowledge of the treatment is necessary for further management of the patient and was only performed by contacting the local pharmacy, which had the restricted code break details.

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment
    Arm description
    The IMP was given by a single intravenous infusion and comprised of zoledronic acid (Aclasta®) (5 mg in 100 mL ready-to-infuse solution), it was given at a constant infusion rate over not less than 15 min.
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Zoledronic acid (Aclasta®) 5mg
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use, Infusion
    Dosage and administration details
    Zoledronic acid (Aclasta®) 5mg by intravenous infusion at a constant infusion rate over not less than 15 min.

    Arm title
    Placebo
    Arm description
    Placebo was given by a single intravenous infusion and comprised of 0.9% saline given at a constant infusion rate over not less than 15 min.
    Arm type
    Placebo

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Placebo
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Infusion , Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Placebo was given by a single intravenous infusion and comprised 0.9% saline. It was given at a constant infusion rate over not less than 15 min.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment Placebo
    Started
    111
    111
    Completed
    90
    90
    Not completed
    21
    21
         Deceased
    1
    4
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    8
    9
         Physician decision
    1
    1
         Lost to follow-up
    11
    7
    Period 2
    Period 2 title
    End of Study
    Is this the baseline period?
    No
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment
    Arm description
    The IMP was given by a single intravenous infusion and comprised of zoledronic acid (Aclasta®) (5 mg in 100 mL ready-to-infuse solution), it was given at a constant infusion rate over not less than 15 min.
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Zoledronic acid (Aclasta®) 5mg
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use, Infusion
    Dosage and administration details
    Zoledronic acid (Aclasta®) 5mg by intravenous infusion at a constant infusion rate over not less than 15 min.

    Arm title
    Placebo
    Arm description
    Placebo was given by a single intravenous infusion and comprised of 0.9% saline given at a constant infusion rate over not less than 15 min.
    Arm type
    Placebo

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Placebo
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Infusion , Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Placebo was given by a single intravenous infusion and comprised 0.9% saline. It was given at a constant infusion rate over not less than 15 min.

    Number of subjects in period 2
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment Placebo
    Started
    90
    90
    Completed
    90
    90

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment
    Reporting group description
    The IMP was given by a single intravenous infusion and comprised of zoledronic acid (Aclasta®) (5 mg in 100 mL ready-to-infuse solution), it was given at a constant infusion rate over not less than 15 min.

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Placebo was given by a single intravenous infusion and comprised of 0.9% saline given at a constant infusion rate over not less than 15 min.

    Reporting group values
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment Placebo Total
    Number of subjects
    111 111 222
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Adults (18-64 years)
    102 102 204
        From 65-84 years
    9 9 18
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    49.8 ( 8.8 ) 50.5 ( 9.3 ) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    61 60 121
        Male
    50 51 101
    Lifestyle - Smoking
    Lifestyle characteristics of participants
    Units: Subjects
        Current Smoker
    13 20 33
        Previous Smoker
    45 55 100
        Non-smoker
    53 36 89
    Alkaline Phosphatase
    Units: Subjects
        Raised
    4 4 8
        Not-raised
    107 107 214
    Type of Mutation
    Units: Subjects
        Missense
    101 101 202
        Truncating
    10 10 20
    Amino Acid Change
    Units: Subjects
        A390X
    5 3 8
        E396X
    0 1 1
        F406V
    2 0 2
        G411S
    7 2 9
        G425R
    13 11 24
        Gln371X
    1 1 2
        Glu396
    1 2 3
        I424S
    2 0 2
        K378X
    1 1 2
        M404V
    13 12 25
        P392L
    64 77 141
        Thr350GinfsX28
    2 1 3
    Previous fractures at baseline
    Units: Subjects
        Tibia
    6 6 12
        Femur
    0 2 2
        Humerus
    1 5 6
        Wrist
    12 19 31
        Clavicle
    3 5 8
        Ribs
    5 5 10
        Hand
    6 8 14
        Foot
    11 8 19
        Skull
    0 2 2
        Lumbar Spine
    2 1 3
        Facial bones
    3 6 9
        Any other bone
    15 16 31
        no fractures
    47 28 75
    Lifestyle- Alcohol consumption
    Units: Subjects
        Regular Drinker
    70 71 141
        Non-regular drinker
    41 40 81
    General appearance
    Units: Subjects
        Normal appearance
    109 109 218
        Non-normal appearance
    2 2 4
    Skin appearance
    Units: Subjects
        Normal
    99 104 203
        Non-normal
    12 7 19
    Head/Neck/ENT/Eyes appearance
    Units: Subjects
        Normal
    106 108 214
        non-normal
    5 3 8
    Cardiovascular
    Units: Subjects
        Normal
    103 105 208
        Non-Normal
    8 6 14
    Musculoskeletal
    Units: Subjects
        Normal
    101 101 202
        Non-normal
    10 10 20
    Central Nervous System
    Units: Subjects
        Normal
    109 108 217
        Non-normal
    2 3 5
    Weight
    Units: Kg
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    79.5 ( 17.7 ) 82.0 ( 19.6 ) -
    Height
    Units: Cm
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    168 ( 9.0 ) 169 ( 9.0 ) -
    Body Mass Index
    Units: BMI
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    27.9 ( 5.3 ) 28.5 ( 6.3 ) -
    Systolic blood pressure
    Units: mmHg
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    129 ( 17 ) 130 ( 16 ) -
    Diastolic blood pressure
    Units: mmHg
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    79.6 ( 13.4 ) 79 ( 12 ) -
    Pulse Rate
    Units: bpm
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    70.3 ( 10.3 ) 69.7 ( 11.2 ) -
    Alkaline Phosphatase
    Units: U/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    78.2 ( 41.7 ) 80.1 ( 53.1 ) -
    Alkaline Phosphatase (adjusted)
    Adjusted results are expressed in relation to the upper limit of normal for the local reference range
    Units: adjusted
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    0.44 ( 0.32 ) 0.47 ( 0.37 ) -
    Albumin
    Units: g/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    44.3 ( 3.6 ) 44.0 ( 3.6 ) -
    Calcium (adjusted)
    Adjusted for albumin values.
    Units: mmol/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    2.40 ( 0.11 ) 2.41 ( 0.12 ) -
    Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
    Units: U/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    24.0 ( 8.4 ) 25.1 ( 11.7 ) -
    Alanine Transaminase (ALT)
    Units: U/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    28.4 ( 17.1 ) 27.7 ( 19.5 ) -
    Gamma GT
    Units: U/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    27.7 ( 17.3 ) 37.9 ( 50.6 ) -
    Bilirubin
    Units: umol/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    10.23 ( 5.66 ) 10.40 ( 5.86 ) -
    Serum 25(OH) D
    Units: nmol/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    66.7 ( 46.1 ) 64.9 ( 34.1 ) -
    Serum Creatinine
    Units: µmol/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    72 ( 13 ) 74 ( 13 ) -
    eGFR
    Units: ml/min/1.73 m2
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    86.1 ( 21.1 ) 83.3 ( 17.4 ) -
    Urea
    Units: mmol/L)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    5.22 ( 1.35 ) 5.17 ( 1.55 ) -
    Haemoglobin
    Units: g/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    153 ( 136 ) 174 ( 194 ) -
    WBC
    Units: 10^9/l
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    6.36 ( 1.55 ) 6.21 ( 1.69 ) -
    Platelets
    Units: 10^9/l
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    243 ( 57 ) 240 ( 63 ) -
    Subject analysis sets

    Subject analysis set title
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment group.

    Subject analysis set title
    Placebo
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    Placebo Placebo was given by a single intravenous infusion and comprised of 0.9% saline given at a constant infusion rate over not less than 15 min

    Subject analysis sets values
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment Placebo
    Number of subjects
    111
    111
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Adults (18-64 years)
    102
    102
        From 65-84 years
    9
    9
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    49.8 ( 8.8 )
    50.5 ( 9.3 )
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    61
    60
        Male
    50
    51
    Lifestyle - Smoking
    Lifestyle characteristics of participants
    Units: Subjects
        Current Smoker
    13
    20
        Previous Smoker
    45
    55
        Non-smoker
    53
    36
    Alkaline Phosphatase
    Units: Subjects
        Raised
    4
    4
        Not-raised
    107
    107
    Type of Mutation
    Units: Subjects
        Missense
    101
    101
        Truncating
    10
    10
    Amino Acid Change
    Units: Subjects
        A390X
    5
    3
        E396X
    0
    1
        F406V
    2
    0
        G411S
    7
    2
        G425R
    13
    11
        Gln371X
    1
    1
        Glu396
    1
    2
        I424S
    2
    0
        K378X
    1
    1
        M404V
    13
    12
        P392L
    64
    77
        Thr350GinfsX28
    2
    1
    Previous fractures at baseline
    Units: Subjects
        Tibia
    6
    6
        Femur
    0
    2
        Humerus
    1
    5
        Wrist
    12
    19
        Clavicle
    3
    5
        Ribs
    5
    5
        Hand
    6
    8
        Foot
    11
    8
        Skull
    0
    2
        Lumbar Spine
    2
    1
        Facial bones
    3
    6
        Any other bone
    15
    16
        no fractures
    47
    28
    Lifestyle- Alcohol consumption
    Units: Subjects
        Regular Drinker
    70
    71
        Non-regular drinker
    41
    40
    General appearance
    Units: Subjects
        Normal appearance
    109
    109
        Non-normal appearance
    2
    2
    Skin appearance
    Units: Subjects
        Normal
    99
    104
        Non-normal
    12
    7
    Head/Neck/ENT/Eyes appearance
    Units: Subjects
        Normal
    106
    108
        non-normal
    5
    3
    Cardiovascular
    Units: Subjects
        Normal
    103
    105
        Non-Normal
    8
    6
    Musculoskeletal
    Units: Subjects
        Normal
    101
    101
        Non-normal
    10
    10
    Central Nervous System
    Units: Subjects
        Normal
    109
    108
        Non-normal
    2
    3
    Weight
    Units: Kg
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    79.5 ( 17.7 )
    82.0 ( 19.6 )
    Height
    Units: Cm
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    168 ( 9.0 )
    169 ( 9.0 )
    Body Mass Index
    Units: BMI
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    27.9 ( 5.3 )
    28.5 ( 6.3 )
    Systolic blood pressure
    Units: mmHg
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    129 ( 17 )
    130 ( 16 )
    Diastolic blood pressure
    Units: mmHg
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    79.6 ( 13.4 )
    79 ( 12 )
    Pulse Rate
    Units: bpm
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    70.3 ( 10.3 )
    69.7 ( 11.2 )
    Alkaline Phosphatase
    Units: U/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    78.2 ( 41.7 )
    80.1 ( 53.1 )
    Alkaline Phosphatase (adjusted)
    Adjusted results are expressed in relation to the upper limit of normal for the local reference range
    Units: adjusted
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    0.44 ( 0.32 )
    0.47 ( 0.37 )
    Albumin
    Units: g/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    44.3 ( 3.6 )
    44.0 ( 3.6 )
    Calcium (adjusted)
    Adjusted for albumin values.
    Units: mmol/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    2.40 ( 0.11 )
    2.41 ( 0.12 )
    Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
    Units: U/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    24.0 ( 8.4 )
    25.1 ( 11.7 )
    Alanine Transaminase (ALT)
    Units: U/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    28.4 ( 17.1 )
    27.7 ( 19.5 )
    Gamma GT
    Units: U/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    27.7 ( 17.3 )
    37.9 ( 50.6 )
    Bilirubin
    Units: umol/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    10.23 ( 5.66 )
    10.40 ( 5.86 )
    Serum 25(OH) D
    Units: nmol/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    66.7 ( 46.1 )
    64.9 ( 34.1 )
    Serum Creatinine
    Units: µmol/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    72 ( 13 )
    74 ( 13 )
    eGFR
    Units: ml/min/1.73 m2
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    86.1 ( 21.1 )
    83.3 ( 17.4 )
    Urea
    Units: mmol/L)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    5.22 ( 1.35 )
    5.17 ( 1.55 )
    Haemoglobin
    Units: g/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    153 ( 136 )
    174 ( 194 )
    WBC
    Units: 10^9/l
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    6.36 ( 1.55 )
    6.21 ( 1.69 )
    Platelets
    Units: 10^9/l
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    243 ( 57 )
    240 ( 63 )

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment
    Reporting group description
    The IMP was given by a single intravenous infusion and comprised of zoledronic acid (Aclasta®) (5 mg in 100 mL ready-to-infuse solution), it was given at a constant infusion rate over not less than 15 min.

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Placebo was given by a single intravenous infusion and comprised of 0.9% saline given at a constant infusion rate over not less than 15 min.
    Reporting group title
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment
    Reporting group description
    The IMP was given by a single intravenous infusion and comprised of zoledronic acid (Aclasta®) (5 mg in 100 mL ready-to-infuse solution), it was given at a constant infusion rate over not less than 15 min.

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Placebo was given by a single intravenous infusion and comprised of 0.9% saline given at a constant infusion rate over not less than 15 min.

    Subject analysis set title
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment group.

    Subject analysis set title
    Placebo
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    Placebo Placebo was given by a single intravenous infusion and comprised of 0.9% saline given at a constant infusion rate over not less than 15 min

    Primary: Patient summary of bone lesions

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    End point title
    Patient summary of bone lesions [1]
    End point description
    At baseline, 9 (8.1%) patients in the ZA group were found to have bone lesions typical of PDB, compared with 12 (10.8%) in the placebo group. By the end of the study, only 1 (0.9%) patient had evidence of a bone lesion in the ZA group, compared with 11 (9.9%) in the Placebo group.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Bone scans were collected between Baseline and End of Study visit, the median duration between the two visits was 84.00 months for both treatment arms. Bone scans underwent a semi-quantitative analysis by imaging experts blinded to treatment.
    Notes
    [1] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: As this outcome was done in counts of lesion, The statistical analysis for this end point is covered in the "patients developing new bone lesions at end of study" end point. In the ZA group, none of the participants developed a new bone lesion during the study, while two patients developed new lesions in the placebo group. (p= 0.246, odds ratio: 0.406, 95% CI 0.000, 3.425).
    End point values
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment Placebo Zoledoronic Acid Treatment Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    111
    111
    90
    89 [2]
    Units: Number of participants
        Yes
    9
    12
    1
    11
        No
    102
    99
    89
    78
    Notes
    [2] - One participant had baseline lesions but declined to have an end of study bone scan.
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: patients developing new bone lesions at end of study

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    End point title
    patients developing new bone lesions at end of study
    End point description
    Two new PDB lesions developed in patients allocated to placebo compared with no new lesions in the ZA group.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Bone scans were collected between Baseline and End of Study visit, the median duration between the two visits was 84.00 months for both treatment arms. Bone scans underwent a semi-quantitative analysis by imaging experts blinded to treatment.
    End point values
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    90
    90
    Units: number of participants
    0
    2
    Statistical analysis title
    Primary outcome - patients developing new bone les
    Comparison groups
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment v Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    180
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.246
    Method
    Fisher exact
    Parameter type
    Odds ratio (OR)
    Point estimate
    0.406
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0
         upper limit
    3.425

    Secondary: Summary of bone lesions

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    End point title
    Summary of bone lesions
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Bone scans were collected between Baseline and End of Study visit, the median duration between the two visits was 84.00 months for both treatment arms. Bone scans underwent a semi-quantitative analysis by imaging experts blinded to treatment.
    End point values
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    111
    111
    Units: Number of new lesions
        Number of lesions at baseline
    15
    29
        Number of lesions at end of study
    2
    26
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Patient-level change in activity of bone lesions

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    End point title
    Patient-level change in activity of bone lesions
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Bone scans were collected between Baseline and End of Study visit, the median duration between the two visits was 84.00 months for both treatment arms. Bone scans underwent a semi-quantitative analysis by imaging experts blinded to treatment.
    End point values
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    90
    90
    Units: number of lesions
        No lesion at baseline; no lesion at follow-up
    81
    77
        No lesion at baseline; new lesion(s) at follow-up
    0
    2
        Lesion(s) at baseline; fewer lesions at follow-up
    9
    4
        Lesions(s) at baseline; lesions unchanged at follo
    0
    3
        Lesion(s) at baseline; existing lesions increased
    0
    3
        No end of study assessment
    21
    22
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: patient-level lesion outcomes at end of study

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    End point title
    patient-level lesion outcomes at end of study
    End point description
    None of the participants allocated to ZA had a poor outcome (defined as the development of new lesions, lesions remaining unchanged, or having progressed) compared with 8 in the Placebo group (OR =0.08, 95% CI 0.00-0.42, p=0.003).
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Bone scans were collected between Baseline and End of Study visit, the median duration between the two visits was 84.00 months for both treatment arms. Bone scans underwent a semi-quantitative analysis by imaging experts blinded to treatment.
    End point values
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    90
    90
    Units: number of participants
    0
    8
    Statistical analysis title
    patient-level lesion outcomes at end of study
    Comparison groups
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment v Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    180
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.003 [3]
    Method
    Fisher exact
    Parameter type
    Odds ratio (OR)
    Point estimate
    0.424
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0
         upper limit
    0.424
    Notes
    [3] - Due to sparse and zero cell data, an unadjusted Fisher's exact test has been used, modelling the odds of a poor outcome. A median unbiased estimate and a one-sided p-value are presented.

    Secondary: Urinary N-telopeptide (uNTX) as a ratio of creatinine

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    End point title
    Urinary N-telopeptide (uNTX) as a ratio of creatinine
    End point description
    This analyte is a biochemical marker of bone resorption. Mean values at baseline and end of study are expressed as a ratio to urine creatinine - uNTX/Cr. At baseline, the uNTX/Cr was higher in the ZA treatment arm (89.7 SD 315.6) group compared to the Placebo group. (64.7 SD 56.2). When uNTX/Cr was measured at the end of the study, values had decreased in the ZA group to 56.6 (SD 65.3) but increased in the Placebo group, 88.0 (SD 174.8).
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Blood samples were collected at Baseline and End of Study Visits. The median duration of time between Baseline and End of study visit was 84.0 months for both arms.
    End point values
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment Placebo Zoledoronic Acid Treatment Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    103
    100
    88
    89
    Units: uNTX/Cr
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    89.7 ( 315.6 )
    64.7 ( 56.2 )
    56.6 ( 65.3 )
    88.0 ( 1748 )
    Attachments
    Untitled (Filename: uNTX:Cr graph.png)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: C-terminal telopeptide (CTX)

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    End point title
    C-terminal telopeptide (CTX)
    End point description
    Serum CTX is a marker for bone resorption. Mean baseline levels were similar in the two groups, ZA 0.33 ng/mL (SD 0.17) vs Placebo 0.35 ng/mL (SD 0.17). By the end of study CTX was slightly higher than at baseline in the placebo treatment group (0.41 ng/mL SD 0.20), but had fallen in the ZA group to 0.28 ng/mL (SD 0.14). Overall, there was a significant reduction in CTX in the ZA group (-0.09, 95% CI -0.12,-0.07, P-value <.0001).
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Samples were collected between Baseline and End of Study visit, the median duration between the two visits was 84.00 months for both treatment arms.
    End point values
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    103
    101
    Units: ng/mL
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Baseline
    0.33 ( 0.17 )
    0.35 ( 0.17 )
        12 months
    0.14 ( 0.12 )
    0.27 ( 0.13 )
        24 months
    0.18 ( 0.09 )
    0.28 ( 0.17 )
        36 months
    0.19 ( 0.08 )
    0.28 ( 0.15 )
        48 months
    0.20 ( 0.07 )
    0.27 ( 0.19 )
        60 months
    0.20 ( 0.07 )
    0.24 ( 0.09 )
        End of Study
    0.28 ( 0.14 )
    0.41 ( 0.20 )
    Attachments
    Untitled (Filename: CTX.png)
    Statistical analysis title
    C-terminal telopeptide - CTX (ng/mL)
    Statistical analysis description
    Least squares mean estimates from repeated measures analysis of covariance. The estimated treatment difference (Zoledronate - Placebo) and p-value indicate the overall model-derived treatment effect (taking into account all timepoints).
    Comparison groups
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment v Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    204
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.0001
    Method
    ANCOVA
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (net)
    Point estimate
    -0.09
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -0.12
         upper limit
    -0.07

    Secondary: Bone specific alkaline phosphatase - BSALP (U/L)

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    End point title
    Bone specific alkaline phosphatase - BSALP (U/L)
    End point description
    This is a marker of bone formation. At baseline, mean values were similar in the two groups, (ZA 11.0 U/L SD 7.5 vs Placebo 10.5 U/L SD 8.0). At the end of study, concentrations of BSALP increased in participants treated with ZA (14.1 U/L SD 5.9), and the Placebo group (17.2 U/L SD 10.2). ). Overall, there was a significant reduction in BSALP in the ZA group (-1.68, 95% CI -2.59,-0.78, P-value 0.0003).
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Samples were collected between Baseline and End of Study visit, the median duration between the two visits was 84.00 months for both treatment arms.
    End point values
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    103
    100
    Units: U/L
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Baseline
    11.0 ( 7.5 )
    10.5 ( 8.0 )
        12 months
    8.7 ( 3.0 )
    11.0 ( 3.9 )
        24 months
    10.0 ( 4.3 )
    12.5 ( 7.0 )
        36 months
    11.0 ( 4.7 )
    11.4 ( 3.5 )
        48 months
    11.0 ( 5.4 )
    12.3 ( 3.8 )
        60 months
    11.2 ( 3.5 )
    11.3 ( 3.8 )
        End of Study
    14.1 ( 5.9 )
    17.2 ( 10.2 )
    Attachments
    Bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BSALP)
    Statistical analysis title
    Bone specific alkaline phosphatase - BSALP (U/L)
    Comparison groups
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment v Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    203
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority [4]
    P-value
    = 0.0003
    Method
    ANCOVA
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (net)
    Point estimate
    -1.68
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -2.59
         upper limit
    -0.78
    Notes
    [4] - Least squares mean estimates from repeated measures analysis of covariance. The estimated treatment difference (Zoledronate - Placebo) and p-value indicate the overall model-derived treatment effect (taking into account all timepoints).

    Secondary: Procollagen type 1 N-terminal Propeptide - P1NP (ng/mL)

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    End point title
    Procollagen type 1 N-terminal Propeptide - P1NP (ng/mL)
    End point description
    This is a marker of bone formation. Mean (SD) baseline P1NP levels were similar in the two groups (ZA 55.0 ng/mL SD 27.0 vs Placebo 59.5 ng/mL SD 40.8). At the end of study, P1NP had fallen in the ZA group (44.0 ng/mL SD 17.4), but increased in the placebo group (63.9 ng/mL SD 67.0). Overall, there was a significant reduction in PINP in the ZA group (-16.32 (-22.05,-10.59), P-value <.0001).
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Samples were collected between Baseline and End of Study visit, the median duration between the two visits was 84.00 months for both treatment arms.
    End point values
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    103
    101
    Units: ng/mL
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Baseline
    55 ( 27 )
    59.5 ( 40.8 )
        12 month
    29.3 ( 11.0 )
    53.7 ( 22.8 )
        24 month
    37.8 ( 16.7 )
    59.9 ( 48.1 )
        36 month
    40.4 ( 13.6 )
    59.3 ( 42.5 )
        48 month
    44.3 ( 13.6 )
    61.5 ( 56.0 )
        60 month
    42.9 ( 12.6 )
    52.3 ( 15.3 )
        End of study
    44.0 ( 17.4 )
    63.9 ( 67.0 )
    Attachments
    Plasma Procollagen type 1 N-terminal Propeptide (P
    Statistical analysis title
    Procollagen type 1 N-terminal Propeptide - P1NP
    Statistical analysis description
    Results of each biomarker sample was modelled using a repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusting for the relevant baseline measure and the minimisation variables.
    Comparison groups
    Placebo v Zoledoronic Acid Treatment
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    204
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.0001
    Method
    ANCOVA
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (net)
    Point estimate
    -16.32
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -22.05
         upper limit
    -10.59

    Secondary: Brief Pain Inventory - Interference Score

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    End point title
    Brief Pain Inventory - Interference Score
    End point description
    Scores range between 0 – 10. Higher scores indicate greater pain At baseline the mean interference score was higher in the ZA group (1.00 SD 1.71) compared to the Placebo group (0.82 SD 1.49). During the study interference scores increased with a trend for a lesser increase in the ZA group. Overall there was no significant difference between the groups (-0.37, 95% CI -0.78,0.03, P-value 0.070).
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Scores were collected between Baseline and End of Study visit and at annual review visits. The median duration between the two visits was 84.00 months for both treatment arms.
    End point values
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    111
    111
    Units: Interference Score
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Baseline
    1.00 ( 1.71 )
    0.82 ( 1.49 )
        12 month
    1.14 ( 1.94 )
    1.17 ( 2.03 )
        24 month
    1.19 ( 1.93 )
    1.27 ( 2.22 )
        36 month
    1.25 ( 2.08 )
    1.43 ( 2.30 )
        48 month
    1.29 ( 2.14 )
    1.19 ( 2.05 )
        60 month
    1.40 ( 2.17 )
    1.55 ( 2.39 )
        End of Study
    1.26 ( 2.13 )
    1.47 ( 2.26 )
    Attachments
    Pain interference score
    Statistical analysis title
    Brief Pain Inventory - Interference score
    Statistical analysis description
    Formal analyses of these scores was undertaken, modelled using a repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusting for the relevant baseline QoL measure and the minimisation variables. The estimated treatment effect and 95% confidence interval will be presented for each outcome.
    Comparison groups
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment v Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    222
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.07
    Method
    ANCOVA
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (net)
    Point estimate
    -0.37
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -0.78
         upper limit
    -0.03

    Secondary: Brief Pain Inventory - Severity Score

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    End point title
    Brief Pain Inventory - Severity Score
    End point description
    Brief Pain Inventory questions are scored within a range of 0 to 10 where higher scores indicate greater pain At baseline the mean BPI severity scores were similar in the two groups; ZA 1.34 SD 1.68 vs 1.24 SD 1.53. During the study scores in both groups increased but there was no significant difference between the (-0.28 95% CI 0.70, 0.13, P-value 0.175)
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Scores were collected between Baseline and End of Study visit and at annual review visits. The median duration between the two visits was 84.00 months for both treatment arms.
    End point values
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    110
    111
    Units: Score
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Baseline
    1.34 ( 1.68 )
    1.29 ( 1.61 )
        12 month
    1.50 ( 1.99 )
    1.46 ( 1.92 )
        24 month
    1.64 ( 2.08 )
    1.62 ( 2.03 )
        36 month
    1.58 ( 1.95 )
    1.68 ( 2.02 )
        48 month
    1.74 ( 2.16 )
    1.72 ( 2.10 )
        60 month
    1.80 ( 2.22 )
    1.92 ( 2.28 )
        End of Visit
    1.66 ( 1.94 )
    1.86 ( 2.04 )
    Attachments
    Pain severity score
    Statistical analysis title
    Brief Pain Inventory - Severity score
    Statistical analysis description
    Formal analyses of these scores was modelled using a repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusting for the relevant baseline QoL measure and the minimisation variables.
    Comparison groups
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment v Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    221
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.175
    Method
    ANCOVA
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (net)
    Point estimate
    -0.28
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -0.7
         upper limit
    0.13

    Secondary: SF-36 - Physical Component Score

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    End point title
    SF-36 - Physical Component Score
    End point description
    Each sub-scale of the SF-36 questionnaire has been normalised with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. A score less than 50 indicates health status below average and vice versa. At baseline the mean physical component summary scores were similar in the ZA arm 51.4 (SD 8.1) and placebo arm 51.9 (SD 8.6). By the end of the study, values had fallen slightly in both arms but there was no significant difference between the groups (mean difference, 95% CI) 1.60 (-0.24, 3.43, P- value 0.086).
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Scores were collected between Baseline and End of Study visit and at annual review visits. The median duration between the two visits was 84.00 months for both treatment arms.
    End point values
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    111
    111
    Units: Score
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Baseline
    51.4 ( 8.1 )
    51.9 ( 8.6 )
        12 month
    51.0 ( 8.4 )
    50.9 ( 9.1 )
        24 month
    50.9 ( 9.3 )
    50.5 ( 8.4 )
        36 month
    50.7 ( 9.0 )
    49.4 ( 9.8 )
        48 month
    49.5 ( 8.8 )
    49.9 ( 9.6 )
        60 month
    49.6 ( 9.0 )
    48.9 ( 10.6 )
        End of Study
    50.3 ( 9.1 )
    48.6 ( 9.9 )
    Attachments
    Changes in SF36 physical component summary during
    Statistical analysis title
    SF-36 - Physical Component Score
    Statistical analysis description
    Formal analyses of these scores was modelled using a repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusting for the relevant baseline QoL measure and the minimisation variables.
    Comparison groups
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment v Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    222
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.086
    Method
    ANCOVA
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (net)
    Point estimate
    1.6
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -0.24
         upper limit
    3.43

    Secondary: SF-36 - Mental Component Score

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    End point title
    SF-36 - Mental Component Score
    End point description
    Each sub-scale of the SF-36 questionnaire has been normalised with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. A score less than 50 indicates health status below average and vice versa. Values for the SF-36 - Mental Component Summary Score were identical at baseline with a mean value of 52.5 (SD 8.5). During the study scores tended to increase in the ZA arm but had decreased slightly in the placebo arm. Overall, there was no difference between the groups (mean difference 0.51, 95% CI-1.31, 2.32, P-value 0.584)
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Scores were collected between Baseline and End of Study visit and at annual review visits. The median duration between the two visits was 84.00 months for both treatment arms.
    End point values
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    111
    111
    Units: Score
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Baseline
    52.5 ( 8.5 )
    52.5 ( 8.8 )
        12 month
    51.9 ( 8.0 )
    51.3 ( 10.2 )
        24 month
    52.5 ( 8.2 )
    50.9 ( 9.2 )
        36 month
    52.7 ( 8.6 )
    50.6 ( 9.2 )
        48 month
    51.7 ( 10.3 )
    52.1 ( 8.7 )
        60 month
    52.7 ( 8.6 )
    49.7 ( 10.5 )
        End of Study
    53.1 ( 8.2 )
    50.9 ( 11.7 )
    Attachments
    Changes in SF36 mental component summary
    Statistical analysis title
    SF-36 - Mental Component Score
    Statistical analysis description
    Formal analyses of these scores was modelled using a repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusting for the relevant baseline QoL measure and the minimisation variables.
    Comparison groups
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment v Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    222
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.584
    Method
    ANCOVA
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (net)
    Point estimate
    0.51
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -1.31
         upper limit
    2.32

    Secondary: Health Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) - Anxiety Score

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    End point title
    Health Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) - Anxiety Score
    End point description
    Anxiety scores range between 0 and 21. Higher scores indicate greater anxiety levels. At baseline there was no significant difference between the groups in levels of anxiety and no difference between groups during the study
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Scores were collected between Baseline and End of Study visit and at annual review visits. The median duration between the two visits was 84.00 months for both treatment arms.
    End point values
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    111
    111
    Units: Score
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Baseline
    3.5 ( 2.7 )
    3.7 ( 3.2 )
        12 month
    3.5 ( 3.2 )
    3.9 ( 3.7 )
        24 month
    3.4 ( 3.3 )
    3.7 ( 3.1 )
        36 month
    3.7 ( 3.2 )
    4.2 ( 3.8 )
        48 month
    3.9 ( 3.7 )
    3.9 ( 3.5 )
        60 month
    3.3 ( 3.3 )
    4.1 ( 3.5 )
        End of Study
    3.3 ( 3.0 )
    4.1 ( 3.9 )
    Attachments
    . Changes in anxiety scores
    Statistical analysis title
    Health Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) - Anxie
    Statistical analysis description
    Formal analyses of these scores was modelled using a repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusting for the relevant baseline QoL measure and the minimisation variables.
    Comparison groups
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment v Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    222
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.574
    Method
    ANCOVA
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (final values)
    Point estimate
    -0.19
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -0.87
         upper limit
    0.49

    Secondary: Health Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) - Depression Score

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    End point title
    Health Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) - Depression Score
    End point description
    Depression scores range between 0 and 21. Higher scores indicate greater depression levels. At baseline, mean depression scores were marginally lower in the ZA group compared to the placebo group (3.3 (SD 3.0) vs 3.5 (SD 2.8)). As the trial progressed, the ZA treatment group depression score tended to decrease but increased in the placebo group. However, there was no significant difference between the two treatments; mean difference (95% CI) = -0.29 (-0.90, 0.31), P-value 0.340.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Scores were collected between Baseline and End of Study visit and at annual review visits. The median duration between the two visits was 84.00 months for both treatment arms.
    End point values
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    111
    111
    Units: Score
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Baseline
    3.3 ( 3.0 )
    3.5 ( 2.8 )
        12 month
    3.2 ( 2.7 )
    3.8 ( 3.4 )
        24 month
    3.2 ( 2.9 )
    3.4 ( 3.0 )
        36 month
    3.3 ( 2.8 )
    3.7 ( 3.4 )
        48 month
    3.7 ( 3.5 )
    3.6 ( 3.2 )
        60 month
    3.0 ( 2.7 )
    3.8 ( 3.4 )
        End of Study
    3.1 ( 2.9 )
    3.9 ( 3.7 )
    Attachments
    Changes in depression scores
    Statistical analysis title
    Health Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) - Depr
    Statistical analysis description
    Formal analyses of these scores was modelled using a repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusting for the relevant baseline QoL measure and the minimisation variables.
    Comparison groups
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment v Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    222
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.34
    Method
    ANCOVA
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (net)
    Point estimate
    -0.29
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -0.9
         upper limit
    0.31

    Secondary: Health Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) - Total Score

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    End point title
    Health Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) - Total Score
    End point description
    Total scores range from 0 to 42. Higher scores indicate greater anxiety and depression levels. There was no significant difference between the two treatments in terms of combined scores for anxiety and depression at baseline or during the study as shown in Figure 13. Mean difference = -0.48 (95% CI -1.71,0.74) P-value 0.437.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Scores were collected between Baseline and End of Study visit and at annual review visits. The median duration between the two visits was 84.00 months for both treatment arms.
    End point values
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    111
    111
    Units: Score
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Baseline
    6.9 ( 5.4 )
    7.3 ( 5.6 )
        12 month
    6.6 ( 5.5 )
    7.7 ( 6.9 )
        24 month
    6.6 ( 6.0 )
    7.2 ( 5.9 )
        36 month
    7.0 ( 5.8 )
    7.6 ( 6.9 )
        48 month
    7.6 ( 7.0 )
    7.5 ( 6.5 )
        60 month
    6.3 ( 5.8 )
    7.9 ( 6.7 )
        End of Study
    6.4 ( 5.7 )
    8.0 ( 7.3 )
    Attachments
    Changes in combined anxiety and depression score d
    Statistical analysis title
    Health Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) - Total
    Statistical analysis description
    Formal analyses of these scores was modelled using a repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusting for the relevant baseline QoL measure and the minimisation variables.
    Comparison groups
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment v Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    222
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.437
    Method
    ANCOVA
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (net)
    Point estimate
    -0.48
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -1.71
         upper limit
    0.74

    Secondary: Number of new lesions at end of study

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    End point title
    Number of new lesions at end of study
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Bone scans were collected between Baseline and End of Study visit, the median duration between the two visits was 84.00 months for both treatment arms. Bone scans underwent a semi-quantitative analysis by imaging experts blinded to treatment.
    End point values
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    90
    90
    Units: number of lesions
    0
    2
    Statistical analysis title
    Number of NEW lesions at end of study
    Statistical analysis description
    A rate ratio of <1 indicates a treatment effect in favour of Zoledronate
    Comparison groups
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment v Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    180
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.247
    Method
    Poisson regression
    Parameter type
    Odds ratio (OR)
    Point estimate
    0.41
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0
         upper limit
    3.434

    Secondary: Change in activity of existing lesions

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    End point title
    Change in activity of existing lesions
    End point description
    In the ZA group 13/15 lesions had disappeared (86.7%), 2/15 had decreased (13.3%) and none remained stable or had progressed. In the Placebo group, 1 had disappeared (3.4%), 12 were thought to have decreased in intensity (41.4%), 8 were thought to be unchanged (27.6%) and 4 had increased in intensity and/or extent (13.8%).
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Bone scans were collected between Baseline and End of Study visit, the median duration between the two visits was 84.00 months for both treatment arms. Bone scans underwent a semi-quantitative analysis by imaging experts blinded to treatment.
    End point values
    Zoledoronic Acid Treatment Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    111
    111
    Units: number of lesions
        Disappeared
    13
    1
        Decreased
    2
    12
        No change
    0
    8
        Increased
    0
    4
        No end of study assessment
    0
    4
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    Timeframe for AE
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    AE additional description
    Assessment type
    Non-systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    19.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Zoledronate 5mg
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    -

    Serious adverse events
    Zoledronate 5mg Placebo
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    18 / 110 (16.36%)
    25 / 111 (22.52%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    1
    3
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    1
    3
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 110 (1.82%)
    3 / 111 (2.70%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
    Vascular disorders
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 110 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Surgical and medical procedures
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 110 (3.64%)
    8 / 111 (7.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    1 / 9
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 110 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Reproductive system and breast disorders
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 110 (0.91%)
    2 / 111 (1.80%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 110 (0.91%)
    3 / 111 (2.70%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Congenital, familial and genetic disorders
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 110 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 110 (2.73%)
    3 / 111 (2.70%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 3
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 110 (5.45%)
    3 / 111 (2.70%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 6
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 110 (0.91%)
    3 / 111 (2.70%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 110 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 110 (0.91%)
    3 / 111 (2.70%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 110 (3.64%)
    3 / 111 (2.70%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 5
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 110 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 0%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Zoledronate 5mg Placebo
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    83 / 110 (75.45%)
    82 / 111 (73.87%)
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 110 (8.18%)
    4 / 111 (3.60%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    4
    Vascular disorders
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 110 (4.55%)
    9 / 111 (8.11%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    9
    Surgical and medical procedures
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    28 / 110 (25.45%)
    36 / 111 (32.43%)
         occurrences all number
    82
    59
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 110 (7.27%)
    15 / 111 (13.51%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    21
    Immune system disorders
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 110 (1.82%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    1
    Social circumstances
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 110 (0.00%)
    2 / 111 (1.80%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Reproductive system and breast disorders
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 110 (10.00%)
    13 / 111 (11.71%)
         occurrences all number
    13
    13
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 110 (8.18%)
    10 / 111 (9.01%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    18
    Psychiatric disorders
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 110 (8.18%)
    13 / 111 (11.71%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    17
    Investigations
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    26 / 110 (23.64%)
    35 / 111 (31.53%)
         occurrences all number
    45
    57
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    27 / 110 (24.55%)
    28 / 111 (25.23%)
         occurrences all number
    37
    47
    Cardiac disorders
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 110 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Nervous system disorders
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    23 / 110 (20.91%)
    20 / 111 (18.02%)
         occurrences all number
    30
    27
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 110 (0.00%)
    3 / 111 (2.70%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    3
    Ear and labyrinth disorders
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 110 (4.55%)
    8 / 111 (7.21%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    9
    Eye disorders
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 110 (4.55%)
    6 / 111 (5.41%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    6
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    19 / 110 (17.27%)
    24 / 111 (21.62%)
         occurrences all number
    29
    43
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 110 (0.00%)
    4 / 111 (3.60%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    5
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 110 (5.45%)
    13 / 111 (11.71%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    17
    Renal and urinary disorders
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 110 (3.64%)
    5 / 111 (4.50%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    10
    Endocrine disorders
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 110 (3.64%)
    3 / 111 (2.70%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    3
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    46 / 110 (41.82%)
    56 / 111 (50.45%)
         occurrences all number
    96
    106
    Infections and infestations
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    50 / 110 (45.45%)
    48 / 111 (43.24%)
         occurrences all number
    145
    111
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    missing
    Additional description: missing
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 110 (5.45%)
    9 / 111 (8.11%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    10

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    02 Feb 2009
    1. Protocol Change- Genetic test on previous samples. 2. Cover letters for participants updated. 3. Consents updated - "GP will be informed". 4. Minor protocol amendments- telephone consent.
    07 Apr 2009
    1. Routine bloods added. 2. Hypocalcaemia has been added as an exclusion criterion. PIL and consent updated. 3. Addition of new study letters (Protocol appendix 9-12).
    29 Jun 2009
    1. Relative info gathered - gender, age, initials and the town/country in which they live. 2. Other minor protocol clarifications.
    29 Sep 2009
    1. Addition of Sites - Salford and Nottingham 2. Addition of PICS - Glasgow and Newcastle 3. Minor protocol clarifiactions. 4. Update of PILs - 40ml blood sample not 20ml. Patients should be fasted.
    11 Nov 2009
    1. Addition of Sites - London Kings College, Oswestry 2. Non-sub amendments to Documents
    30 Mar 2010
    1. Removal of physical exam, BPI from Observational Study. 2. Collection of the specialised biomarkers optional for Observational Study. 3. Pregnancy test to be taken on at baseline, not screening. Urine test now allowed but serum preferred. 4. No repeat Vitamin D at baseline or 30mths. 5. Protocol changed to specify tests carried out on blood/urine samples in "future research" PILs updated to reflect this. 6. Clarification - SAE data collected from Interventional only. 7. Site list removed from protocol - as separate doc. 8. Consents updated to have correct PIL dates on them. 9. Minor amendments to QOL Qs. 10. Addition of Site- Brussels, Barcelona
    27 Mar 2012
    1.    Extension to duration of study - 2020 2.    Reduction in sample size - 260 from 400. 3.    Removal of second infusion at 30 months. 4.   Changes in exclusion criteria-removed abnormalities of liver function, hypocalcaemia remainsbut cut-off of <2.2mmol/l removed. 5.    Collecting contact information about relatives of probands 6.    Biochemical marker and bone lesion sub-studies - references removed as now one group. 7.    Assessing causality of adverse events and serious adverse events. 8.    Establishing twitter and Facebook pages for the ZIPP trial
    09 Jun 2014
    1. To request approval to send out a birthday card, Christmas card and newsletter to all intervention and observational participants each year
    10 Dec 2015
    Update protocol to v7 modify RSI
    14 Dec 2016
    Update to RSI
    19 Dec 2017
    Update to RSI
    07 Jun 2018
    1. clarifications of the technical details around how the primary outcome will be assessed by the imaging expert(s) 2. addition of secondary outcomes, which principally concern semi-quantitative analysis of bone lesions found on imaging as well as the addition of clinical endpoints that might be due to progression of Paget’s disease.
    29 Oct 2019
    Change of trial timelines. EU Sponsor Representative. Clean-up of historic SmPC amendments for international sites
    18 Dec 2020
    Allow visits to continue beyond 2020

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    We did not anticipate that ~10% of participants would already show bone scan evidence of PDB at baseline. The proportion of participants developing new lesions was very small; only 2 participants developed new lesions compared to the predicted 15%

    Online references

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32176830
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31488492
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