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    The EU Clinical Trials Register currently displays   43861   clinical trials with a EudraCT protocol, of which   7284   are clinical trials conducted with subjects less than 18 years old.   The register also displays information on   18700   older paediatric trials (in scope of Article 45 of the Paediatric Regulation (EC) No 1901/2006).

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    Summary
    EudraCT Number:2009-015396-27
    Sponsor's Protocol Code Number:NCTU:ISRCTN52164803
    National Competent Authority:UK - MHRA
    Clinical Trial Type:EEA CTA
    Trial Status:Completed
    Date on which this record was first entered in the EudraCT database:2010-03-17
    Trial results View results
    Index
    A. PROTOCOL INFORMATION
    B. SPONSOR INFORMATION
    C. APPLICANT IDENTIFICATION
    D. IMP IDENTIFICATION
    D.8 INFORMATION ON PLACEBO
    E. GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE TRIAL
    F. POPULATION OF TRIAL SUBJECTS
    G. INVESTIGATOR NETWORKS TO BE INVOLVED IN THE TRIAL
    N. REVIEW BY THE COMPETENT AUTHORITY OR ETHICS COMMITTEE IN THE COUNTRY CONCERNED
    P. END OF TRIAL
    Expand All   Collapse All
    A. Protocol Information
    A.1Member State ConcernedUK - MHRA
    A.2EudraCT number2009-015396-27
    A.3Full title of the trial
    Prevention of Recurrent Severe Hypoglycaemia: a Definitive RCT Comparing Optimised MDI and CSII with or without Adjunctive Real-time Continuous Glucose Monitoring.
    A.3.2Name or abbreviated title of the trial where available
    HypoCOMPASS v1.0
    A.4.1Sponsor's protocol code numberNCTU:ISRCTN52164803
    A.5.1ISRCTN (International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial) Number52164803
    A.7Trial is part of a Paediatric Investigation Plan Information not present in EudraCT
    A.8EMA Decision number of Paediatric Investigation Plan
    B. Sponsor Information
    B.Sponsor: 1
    B.1.1Name of SponsorNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    B.1.3.4CountryUnited Kingdom
    B.3.1 and B.3.2Status of the sponsorNon-Commercial
    B.4 Source(s) of Monetary or Material Support for the clinical trial:
    B.4.1Name of organisation providing support
    B.4.2Country
    B.5 Contact point designated by the sponsor for further information on the trial
    B.5.1Name of organisation
    B.5.2Functional name of contact point
    D. IMP Identification
    D.IMP: 1
    D.1.2 and D.1.3IMP RoleComparator
    D.2 Status of the IMP to be used in the clinical trial
    D.2.1IMP to be used in the trial has a marketing authorisation Yes
    D.2.1.1.1Trade name NovoRapid FlexPen 100 U/ml solution for injection in pre-filled pen.
    D.2.1.1.2Name of the Marketing Authorisation holderNovo Nordisk A/S, Novo Alle, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark
    D.2.1.2Country which granted the Marketing AuthorisationDenmark
    D.2.5The IMP has been designated in this indication as an orphan drug in the Community No
    D.2.5.1Orphan drug designation number
    D.3 Description of the IMP
    D.3.4Pharmaceutical form Solution for injection
    D.3.4.1Specific paediatric formulation Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.7Routes of administration for this IMPSubcutaneous use
    D.3.8 to D.3.10 IMP Identification Details (Active Substances)
    D.3.8INN - Proposed INNinsulin aspart
    D.3.9.1CAS number 116094-23-6
    D.3.9.3Other descriptive namenovorapid
    D.3.10 Strength
    D.3.10.1Concentration unit IU international unit(s)
    D.3.10.2Concentration typerange
    D.3.10.3Concentration number1 to unlimited
    D.3.11 The IMP contains an:
    D.3.11.1Active substance of chemical origin No
    D.3.11.2Active substance of biological/ biotechnological origin (other than Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) Yes
    The IMP is a:
    D.3.11.3Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.1Somatic cell therapy medicinal product No
    D.3.11.3.2Gene therapy medical product No
    D.3.11.3.3Tissue Engineered Product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.4Combination ATIMP (i.e. one involving a medical device) Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.5Committee on Advanced therapies (CAT) has issued a classification for this product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.4Combination product that includes a device, but does not involve an Advanced Therapy Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.5Radiopharmaceutical medicinal product No
    D.3.11.6Immunological medicinal product (such as vaccine, allergen, immune serum) No
    D.3.11.7Plasma derived medicinal product No
    D.3.11.8Extractive medicinal product No
    D.3.11.9Recombinant medicinal product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.10Medicinal product containing genetically modified organisms No
    D.3.11.11Herbal medicinal product No
    D.3.11.12Homeopathic medicinal product No
    D.3.11.13Another type of medicinal product No
    D.IMP: 2
    D.1.2 and D.1.3IMP RoleComparator
    D.2 Status of the IMP to be used in the clinical trial
    D.2.1IMP to be used in the trial has a marketing authorisation Yes
    D.2.1.1.1Trade name Lantus 100 Units/ml solution for injection in a pre-filled pen (solostar pen)
    D.2.1.1.2Name of the Marketing Authorisation holderSanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, D65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
    D.2.1.2Country which granted the Marketing AuthorisationGermany
    D.2.5The IMP has been designated in this indication as an orphan drug in the Community No
    D.2.5.1Orphan drug designation number
    D.3 Description of the IMP
    D.3.4Pharmaceutical form Solution for injection
    D.3.4.1Specific paediatric formulation Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.7Routes of administration for this IMPSubcutaneous use
    D.3.8 to D.3.10 IMP Identification Details (Active Substances)
    D.3.8INN - Proposed INNglargine
    D.3.9.1CAS number 160337-95-1
    D.3.9.3Other descriptive namelantus
    D.3.10 Strength
    D.3.10.1Concentration unit IU international unit(s)
    D.3.10.2Concentration typerange
    D.3.10.3Concentration number1 to unlimited
    D.3.11 The IMP contains an:
    D.3.11.1Active substance of chemical origin No
    D.3.11.2Active substance of biological/ biotechnological origin (other than Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) Yes
    The IMP is a:
    D.3.11.3Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.1Somatic cell therapy medicinal product No
    D.3.11.3.2Gene therapy medical product No
    D.3.11.3.3Tissue Engineered Product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.4Combination ATIMP (i.e. one involving a medical device) Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.5Committee on Advanced therapies (CAT) has issued a classification for this product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.4Combination product that includes a device, but does not involve an Advanced Therapy Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.5Radiopharmaceutical medicinal product No
    D.3.11.6Immunological medicinal product (such as vaccine, allergen, immune serum) No
    D.3.11.7Plasma derived medicinal product No
    D.3.11.8Extractive medicinal product No
    D.3.11.9Recombinant medicinal product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.10Medicinal product containing genetically modified organisms No
    D.3.11.11Herbal medicinal product No
    D.3.11.12Homeopathic medicinal product No
    D.3.11.13Another type of medicinal product No
    D.IMP: 3
    D.1.2 and D.1.3IMP RoleComparator
    D.2 Status of the IMP to be used in the clinical trial
    D.2.1IMP to be used in the trial has a marketing authorisation Yes
    D.2.1.1.1Trade name NovoRapid 100 U/ml solution for injection in vial.
    D.2.1.1.2Name of the Marketing Authorisation holderNovo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2880 Bagsværd, Denmark
    D.2.1.2Country which granted the Marketing AuthorisationDenmark
    D.2.5The IMP has been designated in this indication as an orphan drug in the Community No
    D.2.5.1Orphan drug designation number
    D.3 Description of the IMP
    D.3.4Pharmaceutical form Solution for injection
    D.3.4.1Specific paediatric formulation Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.7Routes of administration for this IMPSubcutaneous use
    D.3.8 to D.3.10 IMP Identification Details (Active Substances)
    D.3.8INN - Proposed INNaspart
    D.3.9.1CAS number 116094-23-6
    D.3.9.3Other descriptive namenovorapid
    D.3.10 Strength
    D.3.10.1Concentration unit IU international unit(s)
    D.3.10.2Concentration typerange
    D.3.10.3Concentration number1 to unlimited
    D.3.11 The IMP contains an:
    D.3.11.1Active substance of chemical origin No
    D.3.11.2Active substance of biological/ biotechnological origin (other than Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) Yes
    The IMP is a:
    D.3.11.3Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.1Somatic cell therapy medicinal product No
    D.3.11.3.2Gene therapy medical product No
    D.3.11.3.3Tissue Engineered Product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.4Combination ATIMP (i.e. one involving a medical device) Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.5Committee on Advanced therapies (CAT) has issued a classification for this product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.4Combination product that includes a device, but does not involve an Advanced Therapy Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.5Radiopharmaceutical medicinal product No
    D.3.11.6Immunological medicinal product (such as vaccine, allergen, immune serum) No
    D.3.11.7Plasma derived medicinal product No
    D.3.11.8Extractive medicinal product No
    D.3.11.9Recombinant medicinal product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.10Medicinal product containing genetically modified organisms No
    D.3.11.11Herbal medicinal product No
    D.3.11.12Homeopathic medicinal product No
    D.3.11.13Another type of medicinal product No
    D.IMP: 4
    D.1.2 and D.1.3IMP RoleComparator
    D.2 Status of the IMP to be used in the clinical trial
    D.2.1IMP to be used in the trial has a marketing authorisation Yes
    D.2.1.1.1Trade name HUMALOG 100U/ml KwikPen, solution for injection.
    D.2.1.1.2Name of the Marketing Authorisation holderEli Lilly Nederland B.V., Grootslag 1-5, 3991 RA Houten, The Netherlands.
    D.2.1.2Country which granted the Marketing AuthorisationNetherlands
    D.2.5The IMP has been designated in this indication as an orphan drug in the Community No
    D.2.5.1Orphan drug designation number
    D.3 Description of the IMP
    D.3.4Pharmaceutical form Solution for injection
    D.3.4.1Specific paediatric formulation Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.7Routes of administration for this IMPSubcutaneous use
    D.3.8 to D.3.10 IMP Identification Details (Active Substances)
    D.3.8INN - Proposed INNlispro
    D.3.9.1CAS number 133107-64-9
    D.3.9.3Other descriptive namehumalog
    D.3.10 Strength
    D.3.10.1Concentration unit IU international unit(s)
    D.3.10.2Concentration typerange
    D.3.10.3Concentration number1 to unlimited
    D.3.11 The IMP contains an:
    D.3.11.1Active substance of chemical origin No
    D.3.11.2Active substance of biological/ biotechnological origin (other than Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) Yes
    The IMP is a:
    D.3.11.3Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.1Somatic cell therapy medicinal product No
    D.3.11.3.2Gene therapy medical product No
    D.3.11.3.3Tissue Engineered Product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.4Combination ATIMP (i.e. one involving a medical device) Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.5Committee on Advanced therapies (CAT) has issued a classification for this product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.4Combination product that includes a device, but does not involve an Advanced Therapy Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.5Radiopharmaceutical medicinal product No
    D.3.11.6Immunological medicinal product (such as vaccine, allergen, immune serum) No
    D.3.11.7Plasma derived medicinal product No
    D.3.11.8Extractive medicinal product No
    D.3.11.9Recombinant medicinal product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.10Medicinal product containing genetically modified organisms No
    D.3.11.11Herbal medicinal product No
    D.3.11.12Homeopathic medicinal product No
    D.3.11.13Another type of medicinal product No
    D.IMP: 5
    D.1.2 and D.1.3IMP RoleComparator
    D.2 Status of the IMP to be used in the clinical trial
    D.2.1IMP to be used in the trial has a marketing authorisation Yes
    D.2.1.1.1Trade name HUMALOG* 100U/ml, solution for injection in vial.
    D.2.1.1.2Name of the Marketing Authorisation holderEli Lilly Nederland B.V., Grootslag 1-5, 3991 RA Houten, The Netherlands.
    D.2.1.2Country which granted the Marketing AuthorisationNetherlands
    D.2.5The IMP has been designated in this indication as an orphan drug in the Community No
    D.2.5.1Orphan drug designation number
    D.3 Description of the IMP
    D.3.4Pharmaceutical form Solution for injection
    D.3.4.1Specific paediatric formulation Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.7Routes of administration for this IMPSubcutaneous use
    D.3.8 to D.3.10 IMP Identification Details (Active Substances)
    D.3.8INN - Proposed INNlispro
    D.3.9.1CAS number 133107-64-9
    D.3.9.3Other descriptive namehumalog
    D.3.10 Strength
    D.3.10.1Concentration unit IU international unit(s)
    D.3.10.2Concentration typerange
    D.3.10.3Concentration number1 to unlimited
    D.3.11 The IMP contains an:
    D.3.11.1Active substance of chemical origin No
    D.3.11.2Active substance of biological/ biotechnological origin (other than Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) Yes
    The IMP is a:
    D.3.11.3Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.1Somatic cell therapy medicinal product No
    D.3.11.3.2Gene therapy medical product No
    D.3.11.3.3Tissue Engineered Product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.4Combination ATIMP (i.e. one involving a medical device) Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.3.5Committee on Advanced therapies (CAT) has issued a classification for this product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.4Combination product that includes a device, but does not involve an Advanced Therapy Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.5Radiopharmaceutical medicinal product No
    D.3.11.6Immunological medicinal product (such as vaccine, allergen, immune serum) No
    D.3.11.7Plasma derived medicinal product No
    D.3.11.8Extractive medicinal product No
    D.3.11.9Recombinant medicinal product Information not present in EudraCT
    D.3.11.10Medicinal product containing genetically modified organisms No
    D.3.11.11Herbal medicinal product No
    D.3.11.12Homeopathic medicinal product No
    D.3.11.13Another type of medicinal product No
    D.8 Information on Placebo
    D.8 Placebo: 1
    D.8.1Is a Placebo used in this Trial?Yes
    E. General Information on the Trial
    E.1 Medical condition or disease under investigation
    E.1.1Medical condition(s) being investigated
    Type 1 diabetes mellitus
    MedDRA Classification
    E.1.3Condition being studied is a rare disease No
    E.2 Objective of the trial
    E.2.1Main objective of the trial
    This study asks whether, in people who have diabetes mellitus and suffer from impaired or altered awareness of low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia), it is possible to restore that awareness and therefore prevent severe hypoglycaemia by rigorously preventing the participants from having any episodes of biochemical hypoglycaemia without jeopardising their overall diabetes control. The study will be able to answer this by analysis of the validated quantitative questionnaires that will be used in the study.

    E.2.2Secondary objectives of the trial
    1. To quantify and compare biochemical hypoglycaemia (low blood glucose)identified by SMBG (self monitored blood glucose) and CGM (continuous glucose monitoring) profiles during each intervention.

    2. To quantify and compare overall glycaemic control and glucose lability in each group by analysis of HbA1C (a blood test which reflects average control over preceding weeks), SMBG and CGM.

    3. To quantify and compare total daily doses of insulin before and after the randomised control trial period.

    4. To compare certain responses to hypoglycaemia (low blood glucose) in gold standard clamp study in each group after intervention. This involves the assessment of symptoms and ability to concentrate as well as blood tests analysing chemicals involved in the body's response to low blood glucose.

    5. To compare well being and quality of life during each intervention using validated measures.

    6. To compare cardiac autonomic function (non invasive blood pressure and ECG (electrocardiogr
    E.2.3Trial contains a sub-study No
    E.3Principal inclusion criteria
    1. Male or female aged 18-74 years inclusive at start of the trial.

    2. Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus according to ADA and WHO criteria and consistent with a clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

    3. Fasting serum C-peptide below the quality assured limit of detection for the assay and laboratory with simultaneous exclusion of biochemical hypoglycaemia (glucose <4.0 mmol/L) by laboratory glucose level analysis on a sample taken at the same time point.

    4. History of severe hypoglycaemia in the preceding one year (as defined by the American Diabetes Association : an event requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagons or other resuscitative actions. These episodes may be associated with sufficient neuroglycopaenia to induce seizure or coma. Plasma glucose measurements may not be available during such an event, but neurological recovery attributable to restoration of plasma glucose to normal is considered sufficient evidence that the event was induced by low plasma glucose concentration) and / or impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia as confirmed by a score of ≥ 4 in either the modified Clarke or Edinburgh hypoglycaemia awareness scores.

    5. Provision of informed consent
    E.4Principal exclusion criteria
    1. Any condition that in the investigator’s judgement is likely to cause the subject to be unable to understand the information in the Informed Consent Document or provide informed consent.

    2. A level of English below that to enable the participant to understand both verbal and written information required by the study. Due to the complexity of the education programme to be given and the degree of training that the educators will need to give the programme it is not possible to invite patients to take part in this trial who in the opinion of the investigator do not have a sufficient level of understanding of English.

    3.Unwilling to undertake intensive insulin therapy including the use of CSII, optimised MDI regimen and use of real time continuous glucose monitoring.

    4. Unwilling to undertake glucose profiles using the subcutaneous continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) equipment.

    5. Unwilling to monitor home blood glucose levels at least 4 times daily.

    6. Unwilling or unable to monitor and record signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia.

    7. A history of intolerance to insulin glargine.

    E.5 End points
    E.5.1Primary end point(s)
    IAH (Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycaema) score at 24 weeks - calculated from analysis of validated quantitative questionnaires.
    E.6 and E.7 Scope of the trial
    E.6Scope of the trial
    E.6.1Diagnosis No
    E.6.2Prophylaxis No
    E.6.3Therapy Yes
    E.6.4Safety Yes
    E.6.5Efficacy Yes
    E.6.6Pharmacokinetic No
    E.6.7Pharmacodynamic No
    E.6.8Bioequivalence No
    E.6.9Dose response No
    E.6.10Pharmacogenetic No
    E.6.11Pharmacogenomic No
    E.6.12Pharmacoeconomic No
    E.6.13Others No
    E.7Trial type and phase
    E.7.1Human pharmacology (Phase I) No
    E.7.1.1First administration to humans Information not present in EudraCT
    E.7.1.2Bioequivalence study Information not present in EudraCT
    E.7.1.3Other Information not present in EudraCT
    E.7.1.3.1Other trial type description
    E.7.2Therapeutic exploratory (Phase II) No
    E.7.3Therapeutic confirmatory (Phase III) No
    E.7.4Therapeutic use (Phase IV) Yes
    E.8 Design of the trial
    E.8.1Controlled Yes
    E.8.1.1Randomised Yes
    E.8.1.2Open Yes
    E.8.1.3Single blind No
    E.8.1.4Double blind No
    E.8.1.5Parallel group Yes
    E.8.1.6Cross over No
    E.8.1.7Other No
    E.8.2 Comparator of controlled trial
    E.8.2.1Other medicinal product(s) Yes
    E.8.2.2Placebo No
    E.8.2.3Other No
    E.8.3 The trial involves single site in the Member State concerned No
    E.8.4 The trial involves multiple sites in the Member State concerned Yes
    E.8.4.1Number of sites anticipated in Member State concerned5
    E.8.5The trial involves multiple Member States No
    E.8.6 Trial involving sites outside the EEA
    E.8.6.1Trial being conducted both within and outside the EEA No
    E.8.6.2Trial being conducted completely outside of the EEA Information not present in EudraCT
    E.8.7Trial has a data monitoring committee Yes
    E.8.8 Definition of the end of the trial and justification where it is not the last visit of the last subject undergoing the trial
    The end of this randomised control trial will be the day the last subject visits any centre for purpose of the trial.
    E.8.9 Initial estimate of the duration of the trial
    E.8.9.1In the Member State concerned years3
    E.8.9.1In the Member State concerned months0
    E.8.9.1In the Member State concerned days
    E.8.9.2In all countries concerned by the trial years3
    E.8.9.2In all countries concerned by the trial months0
    F. Population of Trial Subjects
    F.1 Age Range
    F.1.1Trial has subjects under 18 No
    F.1.1.1In Utero Information not present in EudraCT
    F.1.1.2Preterm newborn infants (up to gestational age < 37 weeks) Information not present in EudraCT
    F.1.1.3Newborns (0-27 days) Information not present in EudraCT
    F.1.1.4Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months) Information not present in EudraCT
    F.1.1.5Children (2-11years) Information not present in EudraCT
    F.1.1.6Adolescents (12-17 years) Information not present in EudraCT
    F.1.2Adults (18-64 years) Yes
    F.1.3Elderly (>=65 years) Yes
    F.2 Gender
    F.2.1Female Yes
    F.2.2Male Yes
    F.3 Group of trial subjects
    F.3.1Healthy volunteers No
    F.3.2Patients Yes
    F.3.3Specific vulnerable populations No
    F.3.3.1Women of childbearing potential not using contraception Information not present in EudraCT
    F.3.3.2Women of child-bearing potential using contraception Information not present in EudraCT
    F.3.3.3Pregnant women Information not present in EudraCT
    F.3.3.4Nursing women Information not present in EudraCT
    F.3.3.5Emergency situation Information not present in EudraCT
    F.3.3.6Subjects incapable of giving consent personally Information not present in EudraCT
    F.3.3.7Others Information not present in EudraCT
    F.4 Planned number of subjects to be included
    F.4.1In the member state100
    F.4.2 For a multinational trial
    F.4.2.1In the EEA 100
    F.4.2.2In the whole clinical trial 100
    F.5 Plans for treatment or care after the subject has ended the participation in the trial (if it is different from the expected normal treatment of that condition)
    At the end of the study all participants will return to routine care within the diabetes centres from where they were recruited. All participants taking part in this study will meet NICE criteria for insulin pump therapy. Therefore those randomised to pump therapy can continue with this treatment after the end of the intervention period unless it proved unsafe in anyway or was really not effective. Participants not randomised to pump therapy during the study can be considered for pump therapy
    G. Investigator Networks to be involved in the Trial
    N. Review by the Competent Authority or Ethics Committee in the country concerned
    N.Competent Authority Decision Authorised
    N.Date of Competent Authority Decision2010-01-28
    N.Ethics Committee Opinion of the trial applicationFavourable
    N.Ethics Committee Opinion: Reason(s) for unfavourable opinion
    N.Date of Ethics Committee Opinion2009-12-18
    P. End of Trial
    P.End of Trial StatusCompleted
    P.Date of the global end of the trial2013-10-03
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    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

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