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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Neoadjuvant plus adjuvant or only adjuvant nab-Paclitaxel plus Gemcitabine for resectable pancreatic cancer - The AIO-NEONAX trial (AIO-PAK-0313) A prospective, randomized, controlled, phase II study of the AIO Pancreatic Cancer Group

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2013-005559-34
    Trial protocol
    DE   AT  
    Global end of trial date
    21 Oct 2022

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    10 Aug 2024
    First version publication date
    10 Aug 2024
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    AIO-PAK-0313
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    -
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    AIO-Studien-gGmbH
    Sponsor organisation address
    Kuno-Fischer-Str. 8, Berlin, Germany, 14057
    Public contact
    AIO-Studien-gGmbH, AIO-Studien-gGmbH, 0049 30322932931, info@aio-studien-ggmbh.de
    Scientific contact
    AIO-Studien-gGmbH, AIO-Studien-gGmbH, 0049 30322932931, info@aio-studien-ggmbh.de
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    13 Apr 2023
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    02 Jun 2021
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    21 Oct 2022
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    Disease free survival (DFS) rate assessed by imaging 18 months after randomization (improvement of DFS rate at 18 months in both arms to ≥ 55%)
    Protection of trial subjects
    This study was planned, analyzed and conducted according to the study protocol and in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) ‚Guideline for Good Clinical Practice E6(R1)‘, CPMP/ICH/135/95, based on the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its October 1996 amendment (Somerset West, South Africa). The study was duly conducted in compliance with the German Arzneimittelgesetz (AMG; German Drug Law), and the corresponding Directive 2001/20/EC. Subjects were fully informed regarding all pertinent aspects of the clinical trial as well as the possibility to discontinue at any time in language and terms appropriate for the subject.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    03 Jul 2015
    Long term follow-up planned
    Yes
    Long term follow-up rationale
    Efficacy
    Long term follow-up duration
    5 Years
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Germany: 127
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    127
    EEA total number of subjects
    127
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    52
    From 65 to 84 years
    73
    85 years and over
    2

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    The recruitment period of this clinical study wasfrom 03 July 2015 (first patient randomised) to 23 October 2019 (last patient randomised). Patients were recruited at 22 study sites in Germany.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    -

    Pre-assignment period milestones
    Number of subjects started
    175 [1]
    Intermediate milestone: Number of subjects
    Randomized: 127
    Number of subjects completed
    118

    Pre-assignment subject non-completion reasons
    Reason: Number of subjects
    Violation of eligibility criteria during screening: 48
    Reason: Number of subjects
    Violation of eligibility criteria after randomizat: 9
    Notes
    [1] - The number of subjects reported to have started the pre-assignment period are not the same as the worldwide number enrolled in the trial. It is expected that these numbers will be the same.
    Justification: Patients reported to have started the pre-assignment period comprise all patients who consented to study participation and participated in screening procedures. The number of patients reported as enrolled comprises all patients who were found eligible for study participation during screening.
    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall trial (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Arm A - perioperative
    Arm description
    Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (2 cycles) preceding surgery (3 weeks after completion of chemotherapy) followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (4 cycles), starting within 12 weeks after surgery.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Nab-paclitaxel
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Concentrate for solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Nab-paclitaxel was administere in combination with gemcitabine on days 1, 8, and 15 of every 4-weeks treatment cycle. Nab-paclitaxel was to be administered via 30-minute i.v. infusions at a dose of 125 mg/m2.

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Gemcitabine
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Concentrate for solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Gemcitabine was administered in combination with nab-paclitaxel on days 1, 8, and 15 of every 4-weeks treatment cycle.Gemcitabine was to be administered via 30-minute i.v. infusions at a dose of 1000 mg/m2.

    Arm title
    Arm B - adjuvant
    Arm description
    Surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (6 cycles) starting within 12 weeks after surgery
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Nab-paclitaxel
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Concentrate for solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Nab-paclitaxel was administere in combination with gemcitabine on days 1, 8, and 15 of every 4-weeks treatment cycle. Nab-paclitaxel was to be administered via 30-minute i.v. infusions at a dose of 125 mg/m2.

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Gemcitabine
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Concentrate for solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Gemcitabine was administered in combination with nab-paclitaxel on days 1, 8, and 15 of every 4-weeks treatment cycle.Gemcitabine was to be administered via 30-minute i.v. infusions at a dose of 1000 mg/m2.

    Number of subjects in period 1 [2]
    Arm A - perioperative Arm B - adjuvant
    Started
    59
    59
    All eligible patients /Full analysis set
    59
    59
    Started neoadjuvant chemotherapy
    54
    0 [3]
    Underwent resection
    41
    46
    Started adjuvant chemotherapy
    30
    25
    Completed
    25
    15
    Not completed
    34
    44
         Relapse
    7
    13
         Disease progression
    4
    1
         Patient's wish
    7
    2
         Death
    1
    4
         Intraop. irresectability
    3
    10
         Lost to follow-up
    -
    3
         Pat. choice/toxicity/clin. deterioration
    6
    9
         Toxicity/clinical deterioration
    4
    -
         R2-resected
    2
    2
    Notes
    [2] - The number of subjects reported to be in the baseline period are not the same as the worldwide number enrolled in the trial. It is expected that these numbers will be the same.
    Justification: The number of patients reported as enrolled comprises all patients who were found eligible for study participation during screening. Baseline data are reported for all patients who still met the eligibility criteria after randomization.
    [3] - The number of subjects at this milestone seems inconsistent with the number of subjects in the arm. It is expected that the number of subjects will be greater than, or equal to the number that completed, minus those who left.
    Justification: The number of subjects for the milestone 'neoadjuvant treatment' is given as 0 because it was part of the study design not to give neoadjuvant treatment to patients in arm B.

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Arm A - perioperative
    Reporting group description
    Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (2 cycles) preceding surgery (3 weeks after completion of chemotherapy) followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (4 cycles), starting within 12 weeks after surgery.

    Reporting group title
    Arm B - adjuvant
    Reporting group description
    Surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (6 cycles) starting within 12 weeks after surgery

    Reporting group values
    Arm A - perioperative Arm B - adjuvant Total
    Number of subjects
    59 59 118
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    0
        From 65-84 years
    0
        85 years and over
    0
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        median (full range (min-max))
    65 (48 to 82) 68 (41 to 88) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    25 22 47
        Male
    34 37 71

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Arm A - perioperative
    Reporting group description
    Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (2 cycles) preceding surgery (3 weeks after completion of chemotherapy) followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (4 cycles), starting within 12 weeks after surgery.

    Reporting group title
    Arm B - adjuvant
    Reporting group description
    Surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (6 cycles) starting within 12 weeks after surgery

    Primary: Rate of disease-free survival after 18 months

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    End point title
    Rate of disease-free survival after 18 months
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    DFS was defined as the time from randomisation to progression/relapse or death from any cause, whichever came first.
    End point values
    Arm A - perioperative Arm B - adjuvant
    Number of subjects analysed
    59
    59
    Units: Disease-free patients
    15
    9
    Statistical analysis title
    Statistical analysis of primary endpoint
    Comparison groups
    Arm A - perioperative v Arm B - adjuvant
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    118
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    other [1]
    P-value
    = 0.25
    Method
    Fisher exact
    Parameter type
    Odds ratio (OR)
    Point estimate
    1.89
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.75
         upper limit
    4.75
    Notes
    [1] - Analysis was explorative

    Secondary: Median overall survival

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    End point title
    Median overall survival
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Overall survival was the time from randomisation to the date of death of any cause. For any patient for whom no date of death was known, the time to deathwas censored at the date of the patient’s last recorded study visit.
    End point values
    Arm A - perioperative Arm B - adjuvant
    Number of subjects analysed
    59
    59
    Units: months
        median (confidence interval 95%)
    25.5 (19.7 to 29.7)
    16.8 (12.5 to 22.2)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Overall survival milestone rates

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    End point title
    Overall survival milestone rates
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Overall survival was the time from randomisation to the date of death of any cause.
    End point values
    Arm A - perioperative Arm B - adjuvant
    Number of subjects analysed
    59
    59
    Units: Surviving patients
        OS rate at 18 months
    35
    19
        OS rate at 36 months
    11
    9
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Rate of disease-free survival after 36 months

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    End point title
    Rate of disease-free survival after 36 months
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    See primary endpoint
    End point values
    Arm A - perioperative Arm B - adjuvant
    Number of subjects analysed
    59
    59
    Units: Patients
    5
    5
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Post-hoc: Median disease-free survival

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    End point title
    Median disease-free survival
    End point description
    End point type
    Post-hoc
    End point timeframe
    See primary endpoint
    End point values
    Arm A - perioperative Arm B - adjuvant
    Number of subjects analysed
    59
    59
    Units: months
        median (confidence interval 95%)
    11.4 (8.8 to 14.3)
    5.1 (3.4 to 11.2)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    Adverse events are reported starting after first intake of study drug (arm A) or after pancreatic surgery (arm B), and until 28 days after the last dose of adjuvant systemic therapy or until the last study visit, whichever period was longer.
    Assessment type
    Non-systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    21.1
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Arm A - perioperative
    Reporting group description
    Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (2 cycles) preceding surgery (3 weeks after completion of chemotherapy) followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (4 cycles), starting within 12 weeks after surgery.

    Reporting group title
    Arm B - adjuvant
    Reporting group description
    Surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (6 cycles) starting within 12 weeks after surgery

    Serious adverse events
    Arm A - perioperative Arm B - adjuvant
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    32 / 57 (56.14%)
    19 / 57 (33.33%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    1
    4
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    4
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Pancreatic carcinoma recurrent
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vascular disorders
    Arterial haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Hypertensive crisis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Thrombophlebitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Chills
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Fatigue
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Impaired healing
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 57 (7.02%)
    3 / 57 (5.26%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    4 / 4
    2 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Aspiration
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Dyspnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 57 (3.51%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pleural effusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
    2 / 57 (3.51%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumonitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Product issues
    Device occlusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 57 (7.02%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Investigations
    Klebsiella test positive
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Anastomotic ulcer
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Fall
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pancreatic leak
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Post procedural haematoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Spinal compression fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Wound dehiscence
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Post procedural haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    2 / 57 (3.51%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Cardiac disorders
    Acute myocardial infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Cerebrovascular accident
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metabolic encephalopathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Syncope
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Transient ischaemic attack
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Febrile neutropenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Leukopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 57 (3.51%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 2
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Thrombotic microangiopathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Neutropenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 57 (5.26%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    4 / 4
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Abdominal pain upper
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Colitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 57 (3.51%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 2
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Diarrhoea haemorrhagic
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ileus
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pancreatic fistula
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pancreatitis acute
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Rectal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Bile duct obstruction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bile duct stenosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Biliary fistula
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cholangitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 57 (5.26%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Portal vein thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Rash
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Acute kidney injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nephropathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Myositis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Bronchitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Catheter site infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 57 (3.51%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cholangitis infective
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 57 (3.51%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Clostridium difficile infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Erysipelas
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 57 (7.02%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 7
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Liver abscess
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
    2 / 57 (3.51%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 57 (3.51%)
    2 / 57 (3.51%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 2
    2 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Staphylococcal infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Staphylococcal sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Streptococcal infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Abnormal loss of weight
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Dehydration
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hyperglycaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 57 (3.51%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Arm A - perioperative Arm B - adjuvant
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    55 / 57 (96.49%)
    30 / 57 (52.63%)
    Investigations
    C-reactive protein increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 57 (10.53%)
    2 / 57 (3.51%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    2
    Gamma-glutamyltransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 57 (5.26%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    0
    Neutrophil count decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 57 (7.02%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    1
    Platelet count decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 57 (7.02%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    0
    Weight decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    15 / 57 (26.32%)
    7 / 57 (12.28%)
         occurrences all number
    17
    7
    Weight increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 57 (5.26%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    0
    White blood cell count decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    15 / 57 (26.32%)
    7 / 57 (12.28%)
         occurrences all number
    17
    7
    Nervous system disorders
    Dysgeusia
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 57 (8.77%)
    6 / 57 (10.53%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    6
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 57 (7.02%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    1
    Peripheral sensory neuropathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 57 (7.02%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    0
    Polyneuropathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    19 / 57 (33.33%)
    9 / 57 (15.79%)
         occurrences all number
    28
    11
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    14 / 57 (24.56%)
    5 / 57 (8.77%)
         occurrences all number
    18
    10
    Granulocytopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 57 (7.02%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    0
    Leukopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    17 / 57 (29.82%)
    6 / 57 (10.53%)
         occurrences all number
    25
    6
    Neutropenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    16 / 57 (28.07%)
    9 / 57 (15.79%)
         occurrences all number
    35
    14
    Thrombocytopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 57 (22.81%)
    3 / 57 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    16
    5
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Fatigue
         subjects affected / exposed
    28 / 57 (49.12%)
    15 / 57 (26.32%)
         occurrences all number
    39
    21
    General physical health deterioration
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 57 (5.26%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    1
    Mucosal inflammation
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 57 (7.02%)
    4 / 57 (7.02%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    4
    Oedema peripheral
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 57 (19.30%)
    7 / 57 (12.28%)
         occurrences all number
    15
    11
    Pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 57 (5.26%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    0
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 57 (14.04%)
    8 / 57 (14.04%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    8
    Influenza like illness
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 57 (3.51%)
    3 / 57 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    3
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 57 (12.28%)
    4 / 57 (7.02%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    1
    Abdominal pain upper
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 57 (8.77%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    1
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    18 / 57 (31.58%)
    5 / 57 (8.77%)
         occurrences all number
    20
    5
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    14 / 57 (24.56%)
    10 / 57 (17.54%)
         occurrences all number
    16
    13
    Flatulence
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 57 (5.26%)
    3 / 57 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    3
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    23 / 57 (40.35%)
    11 / 57 (19.30%)
         occurrences all number
    29
    12
    Stomatitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 57 (8.77%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    0
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 57 (15.79%)
    6 / 57 (10.53%)
         occurrences all number
    12
    11
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Cough
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 57 (5.26%)
    3 / 57 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    5
    Dyspnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 57 (7.02%)
    3 / 57 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    4
    Epistaxis
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 57 (14.04%)
    4 / 57 (7.02%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    4
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Alopecia
         subjects affected / exposed
    28 / 57 (49.12%)
    9 / 57 (15.79%)
         occurrences all number
    30
    10
    Rash
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 57 (22.81%)
    2 / 57 (3.51%)
         occurrences all number
    14
    3
    Pruritus
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 57 (5.26%)
    2 / 57 (3.51%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    2
    Psychiatric disorders
    Sleep disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 57 (8.77%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    1
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Arthralgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 57 (5.26%)
    4 / 57 (7.02%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    4
    Back pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 57 (5.26%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    0
    Infections and infestations
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 57 (5.26%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    0
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 57 (7.02%)
    3 / 57 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    4
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Decreased appetite
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 57 (15.79%)
    9 / 57 (15.79%)
         occurrences all number
    13
    12
    Hypokalaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 57 (8.77%)
    2 / 57 (3.51%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    2
    Type 2 diabetes mellitus
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 57 (5.26%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    1

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    07 Sep 2016
    - Inclusion criteria serum total bilirubin level, ALT, and AST ≤ 2.5 x ULN were determined as not necessary for enrolment or randomization, but before the start of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy - Biliary decompression in case of biliary obstruction required only for patients randomized receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (arm A); post-interventional bilirubin level criterion deleted. - Addition of cytologically confirmed analyses of the PDAC - Change of study biometrician, extension of timelines, number of planned participating centres increased, update of RSI (IB 18.0) - The choice of the needle for the biopsies was left to the investigator’s discretion Inclusion of patients older than 75 years of age allowed - Accidental or intentional overdoses to be reported as (serious) adverse events - Determination of (suspected) pregnancies in a partner of childbearing potential of a male subject as reportable events - Clarification of the blood samples taken for Translational Research
    25 Jun 2018
    - Time of recruitment of eligible patients extended from 36 to 54 months - Extension of timelines - Patient to be taken off the treatment protocol if toxicity required a cycle delay of more than 21 days instead of 4 weeks - New rules for dose omissions introduced - The current versions of the Investigator’s brochure of nab-paclitaxel and the SmPC of gemcitabine defined as reference documents - Addition of inclusion criterion "measurable tumour according to RECIST 1.1". - Addition of discontinuation “criterion disease progression also according to RECIST 1.1”, borderline cases to be discussed with CI (7.9) - Introduction of requirements for registration and authorization of the trial, ethics committees, investigator qualifications, and labelling, in case sites outside Germany were added - Definition of reporting deadlines for SAEs with context
    14 Jun 2019
    - Reduction of timelines - To clarify the wording for the observation time after randomization, observation period of patients set to 36 months after randomization - To assess tumour response and recurrence, imaging data (CT scans, MRI scans) were additionally obtained during the trial and analysed centrally for the following time points: Baseline, Before the surgery, After the surgery, End of trial, 18 months after randomization, In case of relapse - The reduced number of cases was associated with a reduction in the power of the study. Neccessary adjustments included: ▪ Number of patients to be assessed for eligibility reduced from 190 to 172 ▪ Number of patients to be allocated to trial reduced from 166 to 126 ▪ Number of patients to be analysed reduced from 116 to 88 (44 per arm) - Allowed treatment delay between two treatment cycles reduced from 4 weeks to <21 days - Clarification of definition of observation time as 3-years after randomization for OS, DFS and possible second / further line treatment, documentation of staging procedures - Update of the Rationale according to new literature - Changes regarding the reference safety information

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported

    Online references

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30594153
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36209981
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