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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Alemtuzumab in Autoimmune Inflammatory Neurodegeneration: Mechanisms of Action and Neuroprotective Potential

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2014-000709-10
    Trial protocol
    DE  
    Global end of trial date
    02 Nov 2020

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    18 Nov 2021
    First version publication date
    18 Nov 2021
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    UKM12_0026
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT02419378
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    U1111-1156-6489
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Universitätsklinikum Münster
    Sponsor organisation address
    Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster, Germany, 48149
    Public contact
    Klinik für Allgemeine Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, +49 2518344443, tobias.ruck@ukmuenster.de
    Scientific contact
    Klinik für Allgemeine Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, +49 2518344443, tobias.ruck@ukmuenster.de
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    07 Jul 2020
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    07 Jul 2020
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    02 Nov 2020
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    Combining clinical data with ex vivo and in vitro data, the study aims to shed more light on the mechanisms of action and the neuroprotective potential of alemtuzumab
    Protection of trial subjects
    The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the ICH Guidelines in Good Clinical Practice. The study was not started before the competent ethics committee had given a favorable opinion. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients and the study was only conducted as approved by the Ethics committee and the competent authority. Amendments were only implemented after approval.
    Background therapy
    On Days 1, 2, and 3 of alemtuzumab treatment at months 0 and 12, patients received corticosteroid premedication to prevent infusion associated reactions (IAR). All patients also received oral prophylaxis for herpes infection starting on the first day of each alemtuzumab cycle and continuing for a minimum of 1 month after the last day of each cycle.
    Evidence for comparator
    No comparator was used in this study.
    Actual start date of recruitment
    06 May 2015
    Long term follow-up planned
    Yes
    Long term follow-up rationale
    Safety, Efficacy
    Long term follow-up duration
    3 Years
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Germany: 19
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    19
    EEA total number of subjects
    19
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    19
    From 65 to 84 years
    0
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    RRMS (relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis) patients were recruited at the Münster University Hospital (UKM) in Germany. The recruitment period was from May 2015 to June 2017.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    The study included patients diagnosed with highly active RRMS and indicated to receive treatment with alemtuzumab.

    Pre-assignment period milestones
    Number of subjects started
    19
    Number of subjects completed
    15

    Pre-assignment subject non-completion reasons
    Reason: Number of subjects
    Screening Failure: 4
    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall trial (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Not applicable
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Arm title
    Alemtuzumab
    Arm description
    Each RRMS patient was treated with alemtuzumab at month 0 and month 12. Patients were followed for three years within the study after their first treatment (month 0) with efficacy and safety assessments on at least semiannual visits. Beyond, there were monthly blood and urine samplings to monitor for autoimmune diseases which may be carried out by a local physician. Patients were strongly advised to continue monitoring for autoimmune diseases beyond study participation, until 48 months after last administration of alemtuzumab.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Lemtrada
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Alemtuzumab
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Concentrate for solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Alemtuzumab (Lemtrada) was administered by daily intravenous infusions in a supervised medical setting. Dosage was 12 mg/day for 5 consecutive days at month 0 (60 mg total dose) and for 3 consecutive days at month 12 (36 mg total dose).

    Number of subjects in period 1 [1]
    Alemtuzumab
    Started
    15
    Completed
    12
    Not completed
    3
         Non-medical event
    1
         Lack of efficacy
    2
    Notes
    [1] - The number of subjects reported to be in the baseline period are not the same as the worldwide number enrolled in the trial. It is expected that these numbers will be the same.
    Justification: 19 RRMS patients were enrolled in the study and assessed for eligibility. Because 4 patients did not meet the inclusion criteria, only 15 RRMS patients entered the baseline period.

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Overall trial
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group values
    Overall trial Total
    Number of subjects
    15 15
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0 0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0 0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0 0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0 0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0 0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0 0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    15 15
        From 65-84 years
    0 0
        85 years and over
    0 0
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    9 9
        Male
    6 6

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Alemtuzumab
    Reporting group description
    Each RRMS patient was treated with alemtuzumab at month 0 and month 12. Patients were followed for three years within the study after their first treatment (month 0) with efficacy and safety assessments on at least semiannual visits. Beyond, there were monthly blood and urine samplings to monitor for autoimmune diseases which may be carried out by a local physician. Patients were strongly advised to continue monitoring for autoimmune diseases beyond study participation, until 48 months after last administration of alemtuzumab.

    Primary: Efficacy results

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    End point title
    Efficacy results [1]
    End point description
    The clinical efficacy results of the study can be found in publication Pfeuffer S, Ruck T et al. 2021. The immunological efficacy results will be published in an additional publication, which is under revision at the time of finalizing this report.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline (0 month) and 12, 24 and 36 months after initiaton of investigational treatment. In addition, on an optional basis: 6, 18 and 30 months after treatment initiation.
    Notes
    [1] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: The statistical analysis can be found in publication Pfeuffer S, Ruck T et al. 2021.
    End point values
    Alemtuzumab
    Number of subjects analysed
    15
    Units: cells
    0
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    For each study patient, beginning with the signing of the informed consent until the end of the study.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    23.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Safety group
    Reporting group description
    Study patients who received at least one dose of alemtuzumab.

    Serious adverse events
    Safety group
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 15 (46.67%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    Cardiac disorders
    Palpitations
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Sinus bradycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Multiple sclerosis relapse
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 15 (26.67%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 5
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Immune thrombocytopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    5 / 5
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Agitation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 0%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Safety group
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    15 / 15 (100.00%)
    Vascular disorders
    Flushing
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 15 (13.33%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Hypotension
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Surgical and medical procedures
    Wisdom teeth removal
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Asthenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Chest discomfort
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 15 (26.67%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Chills
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 15 (13.33%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Condition aggravated
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Fatigue
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 15 (40.00%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    Ill-defined disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 15 (13.33%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Peripheral swelling
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 15 (26.67%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Sensation of foreign body
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Cough
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Haemoptysis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Oropharyngeal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Psychiatric disorders
    Depression
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 15 (13.33%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Sleep disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 15 (13.33%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Investigations
    Anti-thyroid antibody positive
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Blood iron decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Contusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Fall
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Vaccination complication
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Cardiac disorders
    Bradycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 15 (26.67%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Cardiovascular insufficiency
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Sinus bradycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Tachycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Nervous system disorders
    Dysaesthesia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 15 (66.67%)
         occurrences all number
    27
    Hemiparaesthesia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Hypoaesthesia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 15 (13.33%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Migraine
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Multiple sclerosis relapse
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 15 (33.33%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    Myoclonus
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Paraesthesia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 15 (13.33%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Speech disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Ear and labyrinth disorders
    Vertigo
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 15 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Eye disorders
    Eye pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Vision blurred
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Visual impairment
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Abdominal pain upper
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 15 (13.33%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 15 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Dyspepsia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Gastric disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Gastritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Gastrointestinal disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Mouth ulceration
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 15 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Oesophageal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Toothache
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Alopecia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Pruritus
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Rash
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 15 (40.00%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    Skin discolouration
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Bladder disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Renal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Endocrine disorders
    Basedow's disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 15 (13.33%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Hyperthyroidism
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Arthralgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 15 (13.33%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Arthritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Back pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 15 (13.33%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Limb discomfort
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Muscle spasms
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 15 (13.33%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Muscle tightness
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Muscle twitching
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Muscular weakness
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 15 (13.33%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Neck pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Pain in extremity
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 15 (13.33%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Infections and infestations
    Cystitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Fungal infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Gastroenteritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 15 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    Gastroenteritis viral
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Gastrointestinal infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 15 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Gingivitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 15 (13.33%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Herpes virus infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Herpes zoster
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Influenza
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 15 (33.33%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    Nasal herpes
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Nasopharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    14 / 15 (93.33%)
         occurrences all number
    43
    Oral herpes
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 15 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    13
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Sinusitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 15 (26.67%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 15 (26.67%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    Vulvovaginal candidiasis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Vulvovaginal mycotic infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Fluid retention
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Lactose intolerance
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Vitamin D deficiency
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 15 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    28 Aug 2015
    Inclusion criteria of the protocol have been amended. • EDSS limit was changed from 0.0 to 4.0 to 0.0 to 5.0. • Patients with a "severe relapse with high disease activity (≥9 T2 hyperintense lesions and ≥1 gadolinium enhancing lesion" may also be included. In addition, the following has been modified in the protocol: • Baseline assessments: An MRI taken within 3 months prior to initiation of therapy with Lemtrada® can be defined as a baseline MRI.
    06 Jun 2016
    Exclusion criterion of the protocol has been amended. • Only the differential blood count of the patients must have normalized at the time of screening (not that of the cellular immune status). In addition, the following has been modified in the protocol: • The recruitment period was extended by 12 months.
    13 Jan 2017
    • The side effect bradycardia is listed as "Infusion-associated Reaction". • There may be an occurrence of listeriosis/ listeria meningitis with administration of Lemtrada, most commonly within one month of Lemtrada infusion. Therefore, as a precautionary measure patients receiving Lemtrada should avoid intake of raw or undercooked meat, soft cheeses and unpasteurized dairy products until at least one month after Lemtrada treatment.
    08 Jun 2018
    • New clinical findings related to idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), nephropathies, thyroid disorders thyroid disorders, infusion-associated reactions (IAR), and severe varicella-zoster virus infections were considered in the protocol. • As a precaution for listeriosis/ listeria meningitis, patients receiving Lemtrada should avoid the intake of raw or undercooked meat, soft cheeses, and unpasteurized dairy and unpasteurized dairy products from two weeks before weeks before starting, during, and until at least one month after Lemtrada treatment.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported

    Online references

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26966029
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33712515
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