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    Summary
    EudraCT Number:2014-002131-34
    Sponsor's Protocol Code Number:GS-US-357-1394
    National Competent Authority:Italy - Italian Medicines Agency
    Clinical Trial Type:EEA CTA
    Trial Status:Completed
    Date on which this record was first entered in the EudraCT database:2016-01-15
    Trial results View results
    Index
    A. PROTOCOL INFORMATION
    B. SPONSOR INFORMATION
    C. APPLICANT IDENTIFICATION
    D. IMP IDENTIFICATION
    D.8 INFORMATION ON PLACEBO
    E. GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE TRIAL
    F. POPULATION OF TRIAL SUBJECTS
    G. INVESTIGATOR NETWORKS TO BE INVOLVED IN THE TRIAL
    N. REVIEW BY THE COMPETENT AUTHORITY OR ETHICS COMMITTEE IN THE COUNTRY CONCERNED
    P. END OF TRIAL
    Expand All   Collapse All
    A. Protocol Information
    A.1Member State ConcernedItaly - Italian Medicines Agency
    A.2EudraCT number2014-002131-34
    A.3Full title of the trial
    A Phase 2, Dose-Ranging, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of GS-4997 in Subjects with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
    Studio dose-ranging di fase 2, randomizzato, in doppio cieco, controllato verso placebo su GS-4997 in soggetti con ipertensione arteriosa polmonare
    A.3.1Title of the trial for lay people, in easily understood, i.e. non-technical, language
    A clinical trial with GS-4997 in Subjects with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
    Sperimentazione clinica che prevede l’uso di GS-4997 in soggetti affetti da ipertensione arteriosa polmonare.
    A.4.1Sponsor's protocol code numberGS-US-357-1394
    A.5.2US NCT (ClinicalTrials.gov registry) numberNCT02234141
    A.7Trial is part of a Paediatric Investigation Plan No
    A.8EMA Decision number of Paediatric Investigation Plan
    B. Sponsor Information
    B.Sponsor: 1
    B.1.1Name of SponsorGilead Sciences, Inc.
    B.1.3.4CountryUnited States
    B.3.1 and B.3.2Status of the sponsorCommercial
    B.4 Source(s) of Monetary or Material Support for the clinical trial:
    B.4.1Name of organisation providing supportGilead Sciences, Inc.
    B.4.2CountryUnited States
    B.5 Contact point designated by the sponsor for further information on the trial
    B.5.1Name of organisationGilead Sciences International Ltd
    B.5.2Functional name of contact pointClinical Trials Mailbox
    B.5.3 Address:
    B.5.3.1Street AddressFlowers Building, Granta Park
    B.5.3.2Town/ cityCambridge
    B.5.3.3Post codeCB21 6GT
    B.5.3.4CountryUnited Kingdom
    B.5.5Fax number+441223897284
    B.5.6E-mailclinical.trials@gilead.com
    D. IMP Identification
    D.IMP: 1
    D.1.2 and D.1.3IMP RoleTest
    D.2 Status of the IMP to be used in the clinical trial
    D.2.1IMP to be used in the trial has a marketing authorisation No
    D.2.5The IMP has been designated in this indication as an orphan drug in the Community No
    D.2.5.1Orphan drug designation number
    D.3 Description of the IMP
    D.3.2Product code GS-4997 2 mg
    D.3.4Pharmaceutical form Tablet
    D.3.4.1Specific paediatric formulation No
    D.3.7Routes of administration for this IMPOral use
    D.3.8 to D.3.10 IMP Identification Details (Active Substances)
    D.3.8INN - Proposed INNNot available
    D.3.9.1CAS number 1448428-04-3
    D.3.9.2Current sponsor codeGS-4997
    D.3.9.4EV Substance CodeSUB167748
    D.3.10 Strength
    D.3.10.1Concentration unit mg milligram(s)
    D.3.10.2Concentration typeequal
    D.3.10.3Concentration number2
    D.3.11 The IMP contains an:
    D.3.11.1Active substance of chemical origin Yes
    D.3.11.2Active substance of biological/ biotechnological origin (other than Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    The IMP is a:
    D.3.11.3Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    D.3.11.3.1Somatic cell therapy medicinal product No
    D.3.11.3.2Gene therapy medical product No
    D.3.11.3.3Tissue Engineered Product No
    D.3.11.3.4Combination ATIMP (i.e. one involving a medical device) No
    D.3.11.3.5Committee on Advanced therapies (CAT) has issued a classification for this product No
    D.3.11.4Combination product that includes a device, but does not involve an Advanced Therapy No
    D.3.11.5Radiopharmaceutical medicinal product No
    D.3.11.6Immunological medicinal product (such as vaccine, allergen, immune serum) No
    D.3.11.7Plasma derived medicinal product No
    D.3.11.8Extractive medicinal product No
    D.3.11.9Recombinant medicinal product No
    D.3.11.10Medicinal product containing genetically modified organisms No
    D.3.11.11Herbal medicinal product No
    D.3.11.12Homeopathic medicinal product No
    D.3.11.13Another type of medicinal product No
    D.IMP: 2
    D.1.2 and D.1.3IMP RoleTest
    D.2 Status of the IMP to be used in the clinical trial
    D.2.1IMP to be used in the trial has a marketing authorisation No
    D.2.5The IMP has been designated in this indication as an orphan drug in the Community No
    D.2.5.1Orphan drug designation number
    D.3 Description of the IMP
    D.3.2Product code GS-4997 6 mg
    D.3.4Pharmaceutical form Tablet
    D.3.4.1Specific paediatric formulation No
    D.3.7Routes of administration for this IMPOral use
    D.3.8 to D.3.10 IMP Identification Details (Active Substances)
    D.3.8INN - Proposed INNNot available
    D.3.9.1CAS number 1448428-04-3
    D.3.9.2Current sponsor codeGS-4997
    D.3.9.4EV Substance CodeSUB167748
    D.3.10 Strength
    D.3.10.1Concentration unit mg milligram(s)
    D.3.10.2Concentration typeequal
    D.3.10.3Concentration number6
    D.3.11 The IMP contains an:
    D.3.11.1Active substance of chemical origin Yes
    D.3.11.2Active substance of biological/ biotechnological origin (other than Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    The IMP is a:
    D.3.11.3Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    D.3.11.3.1Somatic cell therapy medicinal product No
    D.3.11.3.2Gene therapy medical product No
    D.3.11.3.3Tissue Engineered Product No
    D.3.11.3.4Combination ATIMP (i.e. one involving a medical device) No
    D.3.11.3.5Committee on Advanced therapies (CAT) has issued a classification for this product No
    D.3.11.4Combination product that includes a device, but does not involve an Advanced Therapy No
    D.3.11.5Radiopharmaceutical medicinal product No
    D.3.11.6Immunological medicinal product (such as vaccine, allergen, immune serum) No
    D.3.11.7Plasma derived medicinal product No
    D.3.11.8Extractive medicinal product No
    D.3.11.9Recombinant medicinal product No
    D.3.11.10Medicinal product containing genetically modified organisms No
    D.3.11.11Herbal medicinal product No
    D.3.11.12Homeopathic medicinal product No
    D.3.11.13Another type of medicinal product No
    D.IMP: 3
    D.1.2 and D.1.3IMP RoleTest
    D.2 Status of the IMP to be used in the clinical trial
    D.2.1IMP to be used in the trial has a marketing authorisation No
    D.2.5The IMP has been designated in this indication as an orphan drug in the Community No
    D.2.5.1Orphan drug designation number
    D.3 Description of the IMP
    D.3.2Product code GS-4997 18 mg
    D.3.4Pharmaceutical form Tablet
    D.3.4.1Specific paediatric formulation No
    D.3.7Routes of administration for this IMPOral use
    D.3.8 to D.3.10 IMP Identification Details (Active Substances)
    D.3.8INN - Proposed INNNot available
    D.3.9.1CAS number 1448428-04-3
    D.3.9.2Current sponsor codeGS-4997
    D.3.9.4EV Substance CodeSUB167748
    D.3.10 Strength
    D.3.10.1Concentration unit mg milligram(s)
    D.3.10.2Concentration typeequal
    D.3.10.3Concentration number18
    D.3.11 The IMP contains an:
    D.3.11.1Active substance of chemical origin Yes
    D.3.11.2Active substance of biological/ biotechnological origin (other than Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    The IMP is a:
    D.3.11.3Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    D.3.11.3.1Somatic cell therapy medicinal product No
    D.3.11.3.2Gene therapy medical product No
    D.3.11.3.3Tissue Engineered Product No
    D.3.11.3.4Combination ATIMP (i.e. one involving a medical device) No
    D.3.11.3.5Committee on Advanced therapies (CAT) has issued a classification for this product No
    D.3.11.4Combination product that includes a device, but does not involve an Advanced Therapy No
    D.3.11.5Radiopharmaceutical medicinal product No
    D.3.11.6Immunological medicinal product (such as vaccine, allergen, immune serum) No
    D.3.11.7Plasma derived medicinal product No
    D.3.11.8Extractive medicinal product No
    D.3.11.9Recombinant medicinal product No
    D.3.11.10Medicinal product containing genetically modified organisms No
    D.3.11.11Herbal medicinal product No
    D.3.11.12Homeopathic medicinal product No
    D.3.11.13Another type of medicinal product No
    D.8 Information on Placebo
    D.8 Placebo: 1
    D.8.1Is a Placebo used in this Trial?Yes
    D.8.3Pharmaceutical form of the placeboTablet
    D.8.4Route of administration of the placeboOral use
    E. General Information on the Trial
    E.1 Medical condition or disease under investigation
    E.1.1Medical condition(s) being investigated
    Men and women, ages 18 through 75 years, with a diagnosis of idiopathic PAH, heritable PAH or PAH associated with connective tissue disease (PAH-CTD), congenital heart defects (repaired), drug and toxin use, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
    Uomini e donne, di età dai 18 ai 75 anni, con diagnosi di IAPI, IAPE o IAP associata a malattia del tessuto connettivo (IAP-MTC), difetti cardiaci congeniti (riparati), uso di farmaci e tossine o infezioni da virus dell’immunodeficienza umana (HIV).
    E.1.1.1Medical condition in easily understood language
    Subject with pulmonary arterial hypertension
    soggetti affetti da ipertensione arteriosa polmonare.
    E.1.1.2Therapeutic area Diseases [C] - Cardiovascular Diseases [C14]
    MedDRA Classification
    E.1.2 Medical condition or disease under investigation
    E.1.2Version 18.1
    E.1.2Level PT
    E.1.2Classification code 10064911
    E.1.2Term Pulmonary arterial hypertension
    E.1.2System Organ Class 10038738 - Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    E.1.3Condition being studied is a rare disease No
    E.2 Objective of the trial
    E.2.1Main objective of the trial
    To evaluate the effect of GS-4997 on pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), as measured by right heart catheterization (RHC) in subjects with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)
    Valutare l’effetto di GS-4997 sulla resistenza vascolare polmonare (RVP) misurata tramite cateterismo cardiaco destro (right heart catheterization, RHC) in soggetti con ipertensione arteriosa polmonare (IAP)
    E.2.2Secondary objectives of the trial
    To evaluate, in subjects with PAH, the effect of GS-4997 on the following:
    •Cardiac index (CI), mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), mean right atrial pressure (mRAP), mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2), and right ventricular cardiac power
    •Clinical measures of PAH, including the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), Borg Dyspnea index (BDI), heart rate recovery (HRR), WHO Functional Class, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide NT-proBNP
    •Quality of life (QoL) as measured by the SF-36® Health Survey and the emPHasis-10 questionnaire
    •Time to clinical worsening (TTCW)
    •Echocardiographic measures of right ventricular function
    •Safety and tolerability
    Gli obiettivi secondari di questo studio consistono nel valutare, in soggetti con IAP, gli effetti di GS-4997 su:
    • Indice cardiaco (IC), pressione arteriosa polmonare media (PAPm), pressione atriale destra media (mean right atrial pressure, mRAP), saturazione di ossigeno venoso misto (SvO2) e potenza cardiaca nel ventricolo destro
    • Misurazioni cliniche della IAP, inclusi test del cammino dei 6 minuti (6-minute walk distance, 6MWD), indice della dispnea sulla scala di Borg (Borg dyspnea index, BDI), recupero di frequenza cardiaca (heart rate recovery, HRR), categoria funzionale OMS e pro-ormone N-terminale del peptide natriuretico cerebrale (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, NT-proBNP)
    • Qualità della vita (quality of life, QoL) misurata dal sondaggio sulla salute SF-36® e dal questionario emPHasis-10
    • Tempo al peggioramento clinico (time to clinical worsening, TTCW)
    • Misurazioni ecocardiografiche della funzione ventricolare destra
    • Sicurezza e tollerabilità
    E.2.3Trial contains a sub-study Yes
    E.2.3.1Full title, date and version of each sub-study and their related objectives
    A PK sub-study with intensive PK sampling will be performed in approximately 6 subjects per treatment arm at selected sites. Samples will be collected at 0 (pre-dose) and 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, and 24 hours post-dose at any time between Week 4 and Week 20 (inclusive).
    The PK of GS-4997 and its metabolite, GS-607509, will be evaluated. The PK of background PAH medications and other GS-4997 metabolites may be explored
    Versione: Gilead Sciences, Inc. GS-US-357-1394 Original Version 1.0 17Jun2014 PK Subtudy ICF_ITA_V2.0_29Jan2015
    Nei centri selezionati sarà condotto un sottostudio di farmacocinetica (Pharmacocinetics, PK) con campionamento intensivo della PK in circa 6 soggetti per braccio di trattamento. I campioni saranno raccolti all’ora 0 (prima della somministrazione) e a distanza di 1, 2, 4, 6, 10 e 24 ore dalla somministrazione della dose, in qualunque momento compreso tra le Settimane 4 e 20 (comprese).
    Sarà valutata la PK di GS-4997 e del suo metabolita GS-607509. Potrà essere esaminata la PK dei farmaci di base per il trattamento dell’ipertensione arteriosa polmonare (IAP) e di altri metaboliti di GS-4997.
    E.3Principal inclusion criteria
    1)Have the ability to understand and sign a written informed consent form, which must be obtained prior to initiation of study procedures
    2)Man or woman age 18 through 75 years
    3)Diagnosis of one of the following:
    a)IPAH
    b)HPAH
    c)Drug- and toxin-induced PAH
    d)PAH associated with one of the following:
    i)Connective tissue disease (CTD; e.g. limited scleroderma, diffuse scleroderma, mixed CTD systemic lupus erythematous or overlap syndrome),
    ii)HIV infection
    iii)Congenital heart defects, repaired greater than 1 year prior to screening (atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defects, and patent ductus arteriosus)
    4)Meet all of the following hemodynamic criteria by means of a screening RHC completed prior to randomization:
    a)mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) of ≥ 25 mmHg
    b)pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) ≥ 400 dyne•sec/cm5
    c)pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) or left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) of ≤ 12 mmHg if PVR ≥ 400 and < 500 dynes•sec/cm5, or PCWP/LVEDP ≤ 15 mmHg if PVR ≥ 500 dynes•sec/cm5
    5)Be able to walk a distance of at least 100 m during the screening visit 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and have screening and randomization visit 6MWD that do not vary by more than 10% (see Section 6.8.5 for further details).
    6)Have WHO Functional Class II or III symptoms at the screening visit, as assessed by the investigator
    7)Meet the following criteria determined by pulmonary function tests completed no more than 24 weeks prior to screening, performed with or without bronchodilation:
    a)Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) ≥ 55% of predicted normal
    b)FEV1:FVC ratio ≥ 0.60
    8) Currently on a stable treatment regimen with one or more drugs approved for PAH. Stable therapy is defined as dosing of the same treatments for ≥ 12 weeks prior to the screening RHC and at stable dose for ≥ 8 weeks prior to the screening RHC. Any instances where doses have been missed prior to RHC must be discussed with the medical monitor prior to performing the RHC.
    9)If diagnosed with HIV, must have stable disease status. For this study, stable HIV status is defined as follows:
    a)Stable treatment with HIV medications for at least 8 weeks prior to screening,
    b)No active opportunistic infection during the screening period, and
    c)No hospitalizations due to HIV for at least 4 weeks prior to screening
    10)Have documented evidence of the exclusion of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) by a negative or low probability lung ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scan or pulmonary arteriogram negative.
    11) Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test at Screening
    12)If engaged in heterosexual activity and of child-bearing potential, must agree to use protocol specified method(s) of contraception
    13)If participating in an exercise program for pulmonary rehabilitation, the program must have been initiated ≥12 weeks prior to screening, and subjects must agree to maintain the current level of rehabilitation for the first 24 weeks of study treatment
    14)If not participating in an exercise training program for pulmonary rehabilitation, must agree not to enroll in an exercise training program for pulmonary rehabilitation during the screening period and the first 24 weeks of study treatment
    1) Essere in grado di comprendere e firmare il modulo di consenso informato, che si deve ottenere prima dell’inizio delle procedure dello studio
    2) Uomo o donna di età dai 18 ai 75 anni
    3) Diagnosi di una delle seguenti patologie:
    a) IAPI
    b) IAPE
    c) IAP causata da farmaco o da tossina
    d) IAP associata con una delle seguenti:
    i) Malattia del tessuto connettivo (MTC; es. sclerodermia limitata, sclerodermia diffusa, malattia mista del tessuto connettivo (MMTC) con lupus eritematoso sistemico o sindrome da overlap),
    ii) Infezione da HIV
    iii) Difetti cardiaci congeniti, riparati da più di un anno prima dello screening (difetti settali atriali, difetti settali ventricolari e dotto arterioso pervio)
    4) Confermare la diagnosi di IAP e soddisfare tutti i seguenti criteri emodinamici a mezzo di screening RHC condotto prima della randomizzazione:
    a) Pressione arteriosa polmonare media (mPAP) ≥ 25 mm Hg
    b) Resistenza vascolare polmonare (pulmonary vascular resistance, PVR) ≥ 400 dyne•sec/cm5
    c) Pressione capillare polmonare d’incuneamento (pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, PCWP) o pressione telediastolica ventricolare sinistra (PTDVS) ≤ 12 mm Hg se la PVR è ≥ 400 e < 500 dyne•sec/cm5, o la PCWP/PTDVS è ≤ 15 mm Hg se la PVR è
    ≥ 500 dyne•sec/cm5
    5) Essere in grado di camminare almeno 100 m durante il test del cammino di 6 minuti (6 minute walk test, 6MWT) durante la visita di screening e avere risultati del 6MWD che non differiscano di più del 10% tra visita di screening e quella di randomizzazione (si veda la sezione 6.8.5 per ulteriori dettagli)
    6) Avere sintomi da classi funzionali II o III secondo l’OMS, alla visita di screening secondo la valutazione dello sperimentatore
    7) Soddisfare i seguenti criteri determinati dai test della funzione polmonare, con o senza bronco dilatazione, condotti non più di 24 settimane prima dello screening:
    a) Volume espiratorio forzato per secondo (forced expiratory volume, FEV1) ≥ 55% del normale previsto
    b) Rapporto FEV1:FVC ≥ 0,60
    8) Seguire uno stabile regime di trattamento con almeno uno dei farmaci approvati per la IAP. Si definisce terapia stabile un dosaggio degli stessi trattamenti per un periodo ≥ 12 settimane prima dello screening RHC e ad una dose stabile per un periodo ≥8 settimane prima dello screening RHC. Ogni caso in cui le dosi sono state dimenticate prima dell'RHC deve essere discusso con il medico di studio prima di effettuare l'RHC.
    9) Avere stato di salute stabile se diagnosticati con HIV. Al riguardo di questo studio, lo stato di salute HIV si definisce stabile in base ai seguenti criteri:
    a) Trattamento stabile con medicine per HIV per almeno 8 settimane prima dello screening
    b) Assenza di infezioni opportunistiche durante il periodo di screening e
    c) Assenza di ricoveri ospedalieri causati da HIV per almeno 4 settimane prima dello screening
    10)Dare prova documentaria che escluda ipertensione polmonare tromboembolica cronica (chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, CTEPH) tramite risultato negativo, o di bassa probabilità, del test di scansione della scintigrafia polmonare
    ventilo/perfusoria (V/Q), oppure un angiogramma polmonare negativo
    11)Le donne potenzialmente fertili devono avere un risultato negativo al test di gravidanza su siero alla visita screening
    12)Se potenzialmente fertili e coinvolte in attività eterosessuali, devono consentire ad usare metodi contraccettivi specificati nel protocollo
    13)Qualora si partecipi ad un programma di esercizi per la riabilitazione polmonare, tale programma deve aver avuto inizio da un periodo ≥ 12 settimane prima dello screening ed i soggetti devono consentire a mantenere il presente livello di riabilitazione per le prime 24 settimane del trattamento in studio
    14)Qualora non si partecipi ad un programma di esercizi per la riabilitazione polmonare, si deve consentire a non arruolarsi in alcun programma di esercizi per la riabilitazione polmonare durante il periodo di screening e le prime 24 settimane di trattamento in studio.
    E.4Principal exclusion criteria
    1)Diagnosis of PAH associated with:
    a)Significant venous or capillary involvement (PCWP > 15 mm Hg)
    b)Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis
    c)Portal hypertension
    d)Unrepaired congenital heart defects
    2)Pulmonary hypertension (PH) belonging to groups 2 to 5 of the 2013 NICE classification {29019}.
    a)Group 2: PH due to left heart disease
    b)Group 3: PH due to lung diseases and/or hypoxia
    c)Group 4: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
    d)Group 5: PH with unclear multifactorial mechanisms
    3)Evidence of ≥ 3 of the following left ventricular disease/dysfunction risk factors (a-d):
    a)Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30
    b)Established diagnosis of essential hypertension and active treatment during the 2 years prior to screening
    c)Diabetes mellitus – any type
    d)Historical evidence of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) established by any one of the following:
    i)History of myocardial infarction
    ii)History of percutaneous intervention
    iii)Angiographic evidence of CAD (> 50% stenosis in at least one vessel), either by invasive angiography or by CT angiography
    iv)Positive stress test with imaging (either pharmacologic or with exercise)
    v)Previous coronary artery surgery
    vi)Chronic stable angina
    4)Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 40% or clinically significant ischemic, valvular or constrictive heart disease
    5)Receiving intravenous inotropes within 4 weeks prior to the screening visit (e.g. dopamine, dobutamine)
    6)Receiving treatment with a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor (e.g. protease inhibitors, systemic ketoconazole or systemic itraconazole) within 2 weeks prior to randomization. See Section 5.4 for further details
    7)Receiving treatment with a strong CYP3A4 inducer (e.g. rifampin) within 2 weeks prior to randomization. See Section 5.4 for further details
    8)Uncontrolled hypertension (≥180/110 mm Hg) at screening
    9)End stage renal disease (receiving peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, or status after renal transplantation)
    10)Severe liver disease (Child-Pugh Class C, with or without cirrhosis)
    11)Severe arthritis, musculoskeletal problems, or morbid obesity that, in the opinion of the investigator, is the cause of the subject’s functional limitation and would affect the subject’s ability to perform or complete the 6MWT
    12)History of malignancies within the past 5 years, except for a subject with localized, nonmetastatic basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, in situ carcinoma of the cervix, or prostate cancer who is not currently or expected (during the study) to undergo radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal treatment, and/or surgical intervention
    13)Pregnant or breastfeeding; lactating females must agree to discontinue nursing before the study drug is administered
    14)Demonstrated noncompliance with previous medical regimens
    15)Current alcohol or substance abuse judged by the Investigator to potentially interfere with subject compliance or subject safety
    16)Participation in a clinical study involving another investigational drug or device within 4 weeks before the screening visit. Current participation in a drug access study for an eligible PAH therapy in a country where the therapy is approved but not yet commercially available to the subject is allowed.
    17)Known hypersensitivity to the study drug, the metabolites, or formulation excipients.
    Subjects may be rescreened one additional time with prior notification to and approval by the sponsor. Each screening must be adequately documented in the source documents.
    1) Diagnosi di IAP associata a:
    a) Coinvolgimento venoso o capillare significativo (PCWP > 15 mm Hg)
    b) Emangiomatosi capillare polmonare
    c) Ipertensione portale
    d) Difetti cardiaci congeniti non riparati
    2) Ipertensione polmonare (IP) che ricada nei gruppi da 2 a 5 della classificazione di NIZZA 2013 {29019}.
    a) Gruppo 2: IP causata da cardiopatia di sinistra
    b) Gruppo 3: IP causata da malattia polmonare e/o ipossia
    c) Gruppo 4: Ipertensione polmonare cronica tromboembolica
    d) Gruppo 5: IP con meccanismi multifattoriali non noti
    3) Numero di evidenze ≥ 3 dei seguenti fattori rischio di malattia/disfunzione ventricolare (a-d):
    a) Indice di massa corporea (IMC) ≥ 30
    b) Diagnosi conclamata di ipertensione essenziale e trattamento attivo durante i 2 anni precedenti la visita screening
    c) Diabete mellito - ogni tipo
    d) Anamnesi dimostrata di malattie delle arterie coronarie (coronary arterial disease, CAD) significative accertate da qualunque dei seguenti criteri:
    i) Anamnesi di infarto del miocardio
    ii) Anamnesi di interventi percutanei
    iii) Dimostrazione angiografica di CAD (valore > 50% di stenosi in almeno un vaso), per via di angiogramma invasivo o per angiogramma TC
    iv) Risultato positivo alla prova di stress con imaging (farmacologico o sotto sforzo)
    v) Interventi chirurgici pregressi alle arterie coronarie
    vi) Angina cronica stabile
    4) Frazione di eiezione del ventricolo sinistro (left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF) ≤ 40% o significativamente ischemica, cardiopatie valvolari o costrittive
    5) Somministrazione di inotropi per via endovenosa entro le 4 settimane precedenti la visita di screening (es. dopamina, dobutamina)
    6) Trattamento con forte inibitore di CYP3A4 (es. inibitori di proteasi, ketoconazolo o itraconazolo per via sistemica) entro le 2 settimane precedenti la randomizzazione. Si veda la Sezione 5.4 per ulteriori dettagli
    7) Trattamento con forte induttore di CYP3A4 (es. rifampina) entro le 2 settimane precedenti la randomizzazione. Si veda la Sezione 5.4 per ulteriori dettagli
    8) Ipertensione non controllata (≥ 180/110 mm Hg) al momento dello screening
    9) Malattia renale in stadio terminale (sotto dialisi peritoneale, emodialisi o stato post-trapianto renale)
    10) Malattia epatica grave (classe C di Child-Pugh, con o senza cirrosi)
    11) Artrite grave, problemi mioscheletrici od obesità morbosa che, secondo l’opinione dello sperimentatore, causa limitazioni funzionali nel soggetto e potrebbe interessare l’abilità del soggetto di eseguire o portare a termine il 6MWT
    12) Anamnesi di malattie maligne negli ultimi 5 anni, ad eccezione di soggetti con carcinoma delle cellule basali o delle cellule squamose non metastatico e localizzato della pelle, carcinoma in situ della cervice, o cancro della prostata non attualmente
    sottoposti (o previsti durante lo studio) a radioterapia, chemioterapia, trattamento ormonale e/o intervento chirurgico
    13)Donne incinte o in allattamento; le donne in allattamento devono accettare di interrompere l’allattamento prima che venga somministrato il farmaco in studio
    14)Non conformità comprovata a precedenti regimi di medicinali
    15)Attuale abuso di alcol o sostanze che, a giudizio dello sperimentatore, abbiano il potenziale di interferire con la conformità del soggetto al regime o con l’incolumità del soggetto
    16)Partecipazione a uno studio clinico su un altro farmaco o dispositivo sperimentale entro 4 settimane prima della visita di screening. È consentita l’attuale partecipazione ad uno studio per una terapia IAP idonea, in un paese dove la terapia è stata
    approvata ma non è ancora disponibile commercialmente al soggetto.
    17)Nota ipersensibilità al farmaco in studio, i metaboliti o, eccipienti compresi nella sua formulazione. I soggetti potrebbero essere selezionati ancora una volta con notifica preventiva allo sponsor e suo benestare. Ciascuna visita di
    screening deve essere registrata in modo adeguato nei documenti iniziali.
    E.5 End points
    E.5.1Primary end point(s)
    The primary endpoint is change from baseline in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) evaluated at Week 24, as measured by right heart catheterization.
    L’endpoint primario è il cambiamento in PVR (pulmonary vascular resistance) dal basale nella settimana 24 misurato dall’RHC (right heart catheterization).
    E.5.1.1Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point
    PVR is evaluated at Week 24
    PVR è valutato nella Settimana 24
    E.5.2Secondary end point(s)
    The secondary endpoints are:
    •Change from baseline evaluated at Week 24 in other cardiopulmonary hemodynamic measures
    •Change from baseline at Week 24 in:
    —6MWD
    —BDI immediately following exercise
    —WHO Functional Class
    —NT-proBNP
    —SF-36 Health Survey physical functioning scale
    —emPHasis-10 questionnaire
    —HRR after the 6MWT
    •Time to clinical worsening (TTCW) evaluated in Period 1
    •Change from baseline in echocardiographic assessments of right ventricular function at Week 24.
    Cambiamento dal basale di altre misure emodinamiche e cardiopolmonari nella settimana 24
    • Cambiamento dal basale nella settimana 24 in:
    - 6MWD
    - Indice della dispnea sulla scala di Borg (BDI) immediatamente dopo l’esercizio
    - Classe funzionale OMS
    - NT-proBNP
    - Scala funzionamento fisico dal sondaggio sulla salute SF-36
    - Questionario emPHasis-10
    - HRR dopo il 6MWT
    • Tempo al peggioramento clinico (TTCW) valutato nel Periodo 1
    • Cambiamento dal basale nelle valutazioni ecocardiografiche della funzione ventricolare destra nella settimana 24
    E.5.2.1Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point
    During the period 1, clinic visits uccur on Week 4, Week 8, Week 16, and Week 24. During the period 2, clinic visits ocur on Week 28, Week 32, Week 48 and every 24 weeks until the end of trial.
    Durante il periodo 1, le visite in clinica saranno condotte alla Settimana 4,
    Settimana 8, Settimana 16 e Settimana 24. Durante il periodo 2, le visite in clinica saranno condotte alla Settimana 28, Settimana
    32, Settimana 48, e ogni 24 settimane fino al termine della sperimentazione.
    E.6 and E.7 Scope of the trial
    E.6Scope of the trial
    E.6.1Diagnosis No
    E.6.2Prophylaxis No
    E.6.3Therapy No
    E.6.4Safety Yes
    E.6.5Efficacy Yes
    E.6.6Pharmacokinetic Yes
    E.6.7Pharmacodynamic No
    E.6.8Bioequivalence No
    E.6.9Dose response No
    E.6.10Pharmacogenetic No
    E.6.11Pharmacogenomic No
    E.6.12Pharmacoeconomic No
    E.6.13Others No
    E.7Trial type and phase
    E.7.1Human pharmacology (Phase I) No
    E.7.1.1First administration to humans No
    E.7.1.2Bioequivalence study No
    E.7.1.3Other No
    E.7.1.3.1Other trial type description
    E.7.2Therapeutic exploratory (Phase II) Yes
    E.7.3Therapeutic confirmatory (Phase III) No
    E.7.4Therapeutic use (Phase IV) No
    E.8 Design of the trial
    E.8.1Controlled Yes
    E.8.1.1Randomised Yes
    E.8.1.2Open No
    E.8.1.3Single blind No
    E.8.1.4Double blind Yes
    E.8.1.5Parallel group Yes
    E.8.1.6Cross over No
    E.8.1.7Other No
    E.8.2 Comparator of controlled trial
    E.8.2.1Other medicinal product(s) No
    E.8.2.2Placebo Yes
    E.8.2.3Other No
    E.8.2.4Number of treatment arms in the trial4
    E.8.3 The trial involves single site in the Member State concerned No
    E.8.4 The trial involves multiple sites in the Member State concerned Yes
    E.8.4.1Number of sites anticipated in Member State concerned4
    E.8.5The trial involves multiple Member States Yes
    E.8.5.1Number of sites anticipated in the EEA27
    E.8.6 Trial involving sites outside the EEA
    E.8.6.1Trial being conducted both within and outside the EEA Yes
    E.8.6.2Trial being conducted completely outside of the EEA No
    E.8.6.3If E.8.6.1 or E.8.6.2 are Yes, specify the regions in which trial sites are planned
    Canada
    France
    Germany
    Italy
    Netherlands
    Spain
    United Kingdom
    United States
    E.8.7Trial has a data monitoring committee Yes
    E.8.8 Definition of the end of the trial and justification where it is not the last visit of the last subject undergoing the trial
    LVLS
    E.8.9 Initial estimate of the duration of the trial
    E.8.9.1In the Member State concerned years7
    E.8.9.1In the Member State concerned months4
    E.8.9.1In the Member State concerned days0
    E.8.9.2In all countries concerned by the trial years7
    E.8.9.2In all countries concerned by the trial months9
    E.8.9.2In all countries concerned by the trial days0
    F. Population of Trial Subjects
    F.1 Age Range
    F.1.1Trial has subjects under 18 No
    F.1.1.1In Utero No
    F.1.1.2Preterm newborn infants (up to gestational age < 37 weeks) No
    F.1.1.3Newborns (0-27 days) No
    F.1.1.4Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months) No
    F.1.1.5Children (2-11years) No
    F.1.1.6Adolescents (12-17 years) No
    F.1.2Adults (18-64 years) Yes
    F.1.2.1Number of subjects for this age range: 108
    F.1.3Elderly (>=65 years) Yes
    F.1.3.1Number of subjects for this age range: 12
    F.2 Gender
    F.2.1Female Yes
    F.2.2Male Yes
    F.3 Group of trial subjects
    F.3.1Healthy volunteers No
    F.3.2Patients Yes
    F.3.3Specific vulnerable populations Yes
    F.3.3.1Women of childbearing potential not using contraception No
    F.3.3.2Women of child-bearing potential using contraception Yes
    F.3.3.3Pregnant women No
    F.3.3.4Nursing women No
    F.3.3.5Emergency situation No
    F.3.3.6Subjects incapable of giving consent personally No
    F.3.3.7Others No
    F.4 Planned number of subjects to be included
    F.4.1In the member state20
    F.4.2 For a multinational trial
    F.4.2.1In the EEA 54
    F.4.2.2In the whole clinical trial 120
    F.5 Plans for treatment or care after the subject has ended the participation in the trial (if it is different from the expected normal treatment of that condition)
    The GS-US-357-1394 study is composed of two phases. In the first phase subjects are randomized 1:3 placebo to active treatment. In the second phase all subjects receive active treatment up to 7 years total study length.

    After a patient has completed/terminated their study participation, long term care for the participant will remain the responsibility of their primary treating physicians
    G. Investigator Networks to be involved in the Trial
    N. Review by the Competent Authority or Ethics Committee in the country concerned
    N.Competent Authority Decision Authorised
    N.Date of Competent Authority Decision2015-03-19
    N.Ethics Committee Opinion of the trial applicationFavourable
    N.Ethics Committee Opinion: Reason(s) for unfavourable opinion
    N.Date of Ethics Committee Opinion2015-04-09
    P. End of Trial
    P.End of Trial StatusCompleted
    P.Date of the global end of the trial2016-12-13
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