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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Randomised Evaluation of dabigatran etexilate Compared to warfarIn in pulmonaRy vein ablation: assessment of an uninterrupted periproCedUral antIcoagulation sTrategy (The RE-CIRCUIT Trial)

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2014-003890-40
    Trial protocol
    IT   ES   NL   DE   BE   GB   FR  
    Global end of trial date
    14 Nov 2016

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    11 Nov 2017
    First version publication date
    11 Nov 2017
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    1160.204
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT02348723
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Boehringer Ingelheim
    Sponsor organisation address
    Binger Strasse 173, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany, 55216
    Public contact
    QRPE Processes and Systems Coordination, Clinical Trial Information Disclosure, QRPE Processes and Systems Coordination, Clinical Trial Information Disclosure, +1 8002430127, clintriage.rdg@boehringer-ingelheim.com
    Scientific contact
    QRPE Processes and Systems Coordination, Clinical Trial Information Disclosure, QRPE Processes and Systems Coordination, Clinical Trial Information Disclosure, +1 8002430127, clintriage.rdg@boehringer-ingelheim.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    16 Dec 2016
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    04 Nov 2016
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    14 Nov 2016
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    The primary objective of this trial was to assess the safety of an uninterrupted dabigatran etexilate periprocedural anticoagulant regimen compared with an uninterrupted periprocedural warfarin regimen in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients undergoing ablation of AF in a PROBE (prospective, randomised, open label, blinded endpoint) active-controlled trial.
    Protection of trial subjects
    Only subjects that met all the study inclusion and none of the exclusion criteria were to be entered in the study. All subjects were free to withdraw from the clinical trial at any time for any reason given. Close monitoring of all subjects was adhered to throughout the trial conduct.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    13 May 2015
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Belgium: 47
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Canada: 40
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    France: 40
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Germany: 43
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Italy: 61
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Japan: 115
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Netherlands: 78
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Russian Federation: 72
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Spain: 21
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United Kingdom: 71
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United States: 116
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    704
    EEA total number of subjects
    361
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    464
    From 65 to 84 years
    240
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Patients were randomly assigned to dabigatran etexilate 150 mg twice daily or warfarin in a 1:1 ratio and remained on this treatment for the duration of the trial. 678 subjects were randomised and 676 were treated.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    All subjects were screened for eligibility to participate in the trial. Subjects attended specialist sites which would then ensure that they (the subjects) met all inclusion/exclusion criteria. Subjects were not to be randomised to trial treatment if any one of the specific entry criteria were violated.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall Study (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded
    Blinding implementation details
    Open-label trial; study had blinded endpoint adjudication

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Dabigatran Etexilate 150 mg
    Arm description
    Patients receiving Dabigatran Etexilate 150 mg capsule orally twice daily (BID); 1 capsule 150 mg twice daily (total daily dose 300 mg)
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Pradaxa®
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Capsule
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    1 capsule 150 mg twice daily (total daily dose 300 mg)

    Arm title
    Warfarin
    Arm description
    Patients receiving Warfarin tablet orally; 1, 3, and 5 mg (dose adjusted to International normalized ratio (INR) target range)
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Warfarin sodium
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    1, 3, and 5 mg (dose adjusted to International normalized ratio (INR) target range

    Number of subjects in period 1 [1]
    Dabigatran Etexilate 150 mg Warfarin
    Started
    338
    338
    Completed
    310
    312
    Not completed
    28
    26
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    1
    3
         Adverse event, non-fatal
    3
    1
         Reason other than specified
    1
    1
         No ablation
    21
    20
         Lost to follow-up
    1
    1
         Non-compliant with Protocol
    1
    -
    Notes
    [1] - The number of subjects reported to be in the baseline period are not the same as the worldwide number enrolled in the trial. It is expected that these numbers will be the same.
    Justification: Baseline characteristics are based on patients who were randomised after successfully completing the screening period and received at least one dose of the trial medication.

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Dabigatran Etexilate 150 mg
    Reporting group description
    Patients receiving Dabigatran Etexilate 150 mg capsule orally twice daily (BID); 1 capsule 150 mg twice daily (total daily dose 300 mg)

    Reporting group title
    Warfarin
    Reporting group description
    Patients receiving Warfarin tablet orally; 1, 3, and 5 mg (dose adjusted to International normalized ratio (INR) target range)

    Reporting group values
    Dabigatran Etexilate 150 mg Warfarin Total
    Number of subjects
    338 338 676
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
    Age Continuous
    Treated set (TS): The treated set (TS) included all patients who were randomised and subsequently treated with at least 1 tablet/capsule.
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    59.2 ( 10.33 ) 59.4 ( 10.29 ) -
    Gender, Male/Female
    Treated set (TS): The treated set (TS) included all patients who were randomised and subsequently treated with at least 1 tablet/capsule.
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    93 81 174
        Male
    245 257 502

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Dabigatran Etexilate 150 mg
    Reporting group description
    Patients receiving Dabigatran Etexilate 150 mg capsule orally twice daily (BID); 1 capsule 150 mg twice daily (total daily dose 300 mg)

    Reporting group title
    Warfarin
    Reporting group description
    Patients receiving Warfarin tablet orally; 1, 3, and 5 mg (dose adjusted to International normalized ratio (INR) target range)

    Primary: Incidence of major bleeding events (MBEs), as defined by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH)

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    End point title
    Incidence of major bleeding events (MBEs), as defined by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH)
    End point description
    Major bleeds were defined according to the ISTH definition of a major bleed, as follows • Symptomatic bleeding in a critical area or organ, such as intracranial, intraspinal, intraocular, retroperitoneal, intra-articular or pericardial, or intramuscular with compartment syndrome and/or • Bleeding associated with a reduction in haemoglobin of at least 2 g/dL (1.24 mmol/L), or leading to transfusion of 2 or more units of blood or packed cells. and/or • Fatal bleed Point estimates for the incidence of ISTH MBEs and their 2-sided 95% confidence intervals (CI), based on the normal approximation of independent binomial distribution without stratification, are presented. These are based on adjudicated data (blinded evaluation). The ablation set (AS) was the primary analysis set and included all patients in the TS who started the ablation procedure.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    during and up to 2 months post-ablation
    End point values
    Dabigatran Etexilate 150 mg Warfarin
    Number of subjects analysed
    317 [1]
    318 [2]
    Units: percentage of participants
        number (confidence interval 95%)
    1.6 (0.2 to 2.9)
    6.9 (4.1 to 9.7)
    Notes
    [1] - AS
    [2] - AS
    Statistical analysis title
    Statistical Analysis 1
    Statistical analysis description
    The risk difference between dabigatran etexilate vs. warfarin, its 2-sided 95% CI, and corresponding p-value are presented.
    Comparison groups
    Dabigatran Etexilate 150 mg v Warfarin
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    635
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    P-value
    = 0.0009
    Method
    Chi-squared
    Parameter type
    Risk Difference (RD) %
    Point estimate
    -5.3
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -8.4
         upper limit
    -2.2

    Secondary: Incidence of the composite of stroke, systemic embolism, or transient ischemic attack (TIA)

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    End point title
    Incidence of the composite of stroke, systemic embolism, or transient ischemic attack (TIA)
    End point description
    Stroke was defined as an acute episode of focal or global neurological dysfunction caused by brain, spinal cord, or retinal vascular injury as a result of haemorrhage or infarction. Systemic embolism was defined as an acute vascular occlusion of the extremities or any organ (kidneys, mesenteric arteries, spleen, retina or grafts) and was to be documented by angiography, surgery, scintigraphy or autopsy. Transient ischemic attack was defined as a transient episode of focal neurological dysfunction caused by brain, spinal cord, or retinal ischemia, without acute infarction. Percentage of patients with composite of stroke, systemic embolism, or transient ischemic attack (TIA) is presented. These are based on adjudicated data (blinded evaluation)
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    during and up to 2 months post-ablation
    End point values
    Dabigatran Etexilate 150 mg Warfarin
    Number of subjects analysed
    317 [3]
    318 [4]
    Units: percentage of participants
        number (not applicable)
    0.0
    0.3
    Notes
    [3] - AS
    [4] - AS
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Incidence of Minor bleeding events

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    End point title
    Incidence of Minor bleeding events
    End point description
    Minor bleeds were clinical bleeds that did not fulfil the criteria for major bleeds. Percentage of patients with Minor bleeding events are presented. These are based on adjudicated data (blinded evaluation)
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    during and up to 2 months post-ablation
    End point values
    Dabigatran Etexilate 150 mg Warfarin
    Number of subjects analysed
    317 [5]
    318 [6]
    Units: percentage of participants
        number (not applicable)
    18.6
    17.0
    Notes
    [5] - AS
    [6] - AS
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Incidence of ISTH MBE, stroke, systemic embolism, or TIA (composite endpoint combining safety and efficacy

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    End point title
    Incidence of ISTH MBE, stroke, systemic embolism, or TIA (composite endpoint combining safety and efficacy
    End point description
    Percentage of patients with ISTH MBE, stroke, systemic embolism, or TIA (composite endpoint combining safety and efficacy) are presented. These are based on adjudicated data (blinded evaluation).
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    during and up to 2 months post-ablation
    End point values
    Dabigatran Etexilate 150 mg Warfarin
    Number of subjects analysed
    317 [7]
    318 [8]
    Units: percentage of participants
        number (not applicable)
    1.6
    7.2
    Notes
    [7] - AS
    [8] - AS
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    All Adverse events which occurred after the first dose of trial medication up to 6 days after the last dose of trial medication; up to 225 days
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    19.1
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Dabigatran Etexilate 150 mg
    Reporting group description
    Patients receiving Dabigatran Etexilate 150 mg capsule orally twice daily (BID); 1 capsule 150 mg twice daily (total daily dose 300 mg)

    Reporting group title
    Warfarin
    Reporting group description
    Patients receiving Warfarin tablet orally; 1, 3, and 5 mg (dose adjusted to International normalized ratio (INR) target range)

    Serious adverse events
    Dabigatran Etexilate 150 mg Warfarin
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    63 / 338 (18.64%)
    75 / 338 (22.19%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Bladder cancer
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Central nervous system neoplasm
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Squamous cell carcinoma of lung
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vascular disorders
    Deep vein thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Haematoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    6 / 338 (1.78%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    3 / 6
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypertensive crisis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Orthostatic hypotension
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Peripheral artery occlusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Thrombophlebitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    3 / 338 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Malaise
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Polyp
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Dyspnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Epistaxis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pulmonary hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 338 (0.59%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pulmonary oedema
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 338 (0.89%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory distress
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sleep apnoea syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Investigations
    Bleeding time prolonged
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Haemoglobin decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Acetabulum fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac function disturbance postoperative
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac procedure complication
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Contusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Craniocerebral injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Fall
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Road traffic accident
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Tendon rupture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vascular access site haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vascular pseudoaneurysm
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    4 / 338 (1.18%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vascular pseudoaneurysm ruptured
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Congenital, familial and genetic disorders
    Atrial septal defect
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Atrial fibrillation
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 338 (1.78%)
    13 / 338 (3.85%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 6
    0 / 14
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Atrial flutter
         subjects affected / exposed
    20 / 338 (5.92%)
    19 / 338 (5.62%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 26
    0 / 20
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Atrial tachycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 338 (0.59%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Atrial thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 338 (0.59%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 2
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bradycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac failure acute
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac failure congestive
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 338 (0.89%)
    2 / 338 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac tamponade
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    4 / 338 (1.18%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    1 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Coronary artery disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Palpitations
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pericardial effusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pericardial haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pericarditis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 338 (0.59%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Right ventricular failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sinus arrest
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sinus node dysfunction
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 338 (0.59%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Supraventricular tachycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Tachycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Facial paralysis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Intraventricular haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ischaemic stroke
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Neurological symptom
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Peripheral nerve paresis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Phrenic nerve paralysis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Transient ischaemic attack
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Eye disorders
    Conjunctival haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Abdominal discomfort
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Colitis ulcerative
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastritis erosive
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Impaired gastric emptying
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Oesophageal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Small intestinal obstruction
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Cholelithiasis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Skin haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Acute kidney injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal impairment
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Urinary retention
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 338 (0.59%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Arthritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Compartment syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gouty arthritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Intervertebral disc protrusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Anal abscess
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bacteraemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Erysipelas
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Groin abscess
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Lower respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Lung infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Diabetic ketoacidosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypoglycaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hyponatraemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 338 (0.00%)
    1 / 338 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Dabigatran Etexilate 150 mg Warfarin
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    68 / 338 (20.12%)
    65 / 338 (19.23%)
    Cardiac disorders
    Atrial fibrillation
         subjects affected / exposed
    40 / 338 (11.83%)
    38 / 338 (11.24%)
         occurrences all number
    52
    64
    Palpitations
         subjects affected / exposed
    16 / 338 (4.73%)
    19 / 338 (5.62%)
         occurrences all number
    24
    21
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Back pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    18 / 338 (5.33%)
    14 / 338 (4.14%)
         occurrences all number
    18
    14

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    22 Dec 2015
    Changes introduced by the revision included the following: 1] The use of the dabigatran reversal agent was introduced for the management of haemorrhagic complications and emergency surgery. 2] The collection of information regarding use of the reversal agent was specified. 3] Clarification was provided that assessments of Visit 3 were to be performed before the start of the ablation procedure 4] The exclusion criterion regarding left atrium size was modified. 5] Clarification was provided that a baseline INR measurement was to be performed in patients randomised to warfarin. 6] Retrospective central assessment of trans-oesophageal echocardiography was removed from the trial procedures. 7] For the definition of the endpoint stroke, wording was added that had been omitted in the Clinical trial protocol. 8] Clarification was provided that a baseline INR measurement was to be performed in patients randomised to warfarin. 9] Clarification was provided on how CrCl was to be calculated based on the availability of weight.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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