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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A Phase 2, Open Label, Randomized, Dose Ranging, Safety, Efficacy, Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study of AG-348 in Adult Patients With Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2015-000484-13
    Trial protocol
    GB   FR   NL   IT  
    Global end of trial date
    02 Apr 2025

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    08 Apr 2026
    First version publication date
    08 Apr 2026
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    AG-348-C-003
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT02476916
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    Sponsor organisation address
    88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, United States, MA 02139-4169
    Public contact
    Director, Scientific Communications, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., +1 844633-2332, medinfo@agios.com
    Scientific contact
    Director, Scientific Communications, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., +1 844633-2332, medinfo@agios.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    02 Apr 2025
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    No
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    02 Apr 2025
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    Study AG348-C-003 is a multicenter study designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of different dose levels of AG-348 (mitapivat) in subjects with PK deficiency.
    Protection of trial subjects
    All study subjects were required to read and sign an Informed Consent Form
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    26 Jun 2015
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Netherlands: 4
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United Kingdom: 8
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    France: 12
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Italy: 5
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United States: 21
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Canada: 2
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    52
    EEA total number of subjects
    21
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    52
    From 65 to 84 years
    0
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Subjects took part in the study across multiple study sites in 6 countries from 26 June 2015 to 02 April 2025.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    A total of 52 subjects were enrolled in the Core Period of the study. Subjects were randomized 1:1 to receive AG-348 50 mg or AG-348 300 mg. Subjects who completed the 24-week Core Period, had clinical activity, and tolerated the AG-348 dose entered the Extension Period for up to 102 months.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Core Period
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    AG-348 50 mg BID
    Arm description
    Subjects with PK deficiency received AG-348, 50 mg, as initial dose, BID for 24 weeks (Core Period). Subjects were assigned to initial doses, however, over the course of the Core Period were treated across a range of doses due to treatment emergent AEs and Hb levels exceeding mid-point of sex-adjusted ranges. At the Week 24 visit, Core Period subjects who had safely tolerated AG-348 and demonstrated clinical activity in response to AG-348 were potentially eligible to immediately roll over to the Extension Period for continued treatment. If subjects chose not to enroll, they were followed up to four weeks after the last dose of AG-348.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    AG-348
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Mitapivat
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    AG-348, 50 milligrams (mg), twice daily (BID), administered orally for 24 weeks (Core Period).

    Arm title
    AG-348 300 mg BID
    Arm description
    Subjects with PK deficiency received AG-348, 300 mg, as initial dose, BID for 24 weeks (Core Period). Subjects were assigned to initial doses, however, over the course of the Core Period were treated across a range of doses due to treatment emergent AEs and Hb levels exceeding mid-point of sex-adjusted ranges. At the Week 24 visit, Core Period subjects who had safely tolerated AG-348 and demonstrated clinical activity in response to AG-348 were potentially eligible to immediately roll over to the Extension Period for continued treatment. If subjects chose not to enroll, they were followed up to four weeks after the last dose of AG-348.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    AG-348
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Mitapivat
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    AG-348, 300 mg, as initial dose, BID, administered orally for 24 weeks (Core Period).

    Number of subjects in period 1
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Started
    27
    25
    Completed
    21
    22
    Not completed
    6
    3
         Physician decision
    1
    1
         Adverse Event
    2
    2
         Withdrawal by Subject
    3
    -
    Period 2
    Period 2 title
    Extension Period
    Is this the baseline period?
    No
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    AG-348 50 mg BID
    Arm description
    Subjects with Pyruvate Kinase (PK) deficiency received AG-348, 50 milligrams (mg), as initial dose, twice daily (BID) for 24 weeks (Core Period). Subjects were assigned to initial doses, however, over the course of the Core Period were treated across a range of doses due to treatment emergent adverse events (AEs) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels exceeding mid-point of sex-adjusted ranges. At the Week 24 visit, Core Period subjects who had safely tolerated AG-348 and demonstrated clinical activity in response to AG-348 were rolled over to the Extension Period. During the extension period, subjects continued to receive AG-348 300 mg, BID, up to 102 months.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    AG-348
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Mitapivat
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    AG-348 50 mg, BID, administered orally up to 102 months.

    Arm title
    AG-348 300 mg BID
    Arm description
    Subjects with PK deficiency received AG-348, 300 mg, as initial dose, BID for 24 weeks (Core Period). Subjects were assigned to initial doses, however, over the course of the Core Period were treated across a range of doses due to treatment emergent AEs and Hb levels exceeding mid-point of sex-adjusted ranges. At the Week 24 visit, Core Period subjects who had safely tolerated AG-348 and demonstrated clinical activity in response to AG-348 were rolled over to the Extension Period. During the extension period, subjects continued to receive AG-348 300 mg, BID, up to 102 months.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    AG-348
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Mitapivat
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    AG-348 300 mg, BID, administered orally, up to 102 months.

    Number of subjects in period 2 [1]
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Started
    18
    18
    Completed
    1
    2
    Not completed
    17
    16
         Physician decision
    5
    5
         Adverse Event
    1
    -
         Non-compliance with study drug
    1
    1
         Withdrawal by Subject
    1
    -
         Approved drug available for indication
    5
    6
         Lost to follow-up
    1
    1
         Reason not specified
    3
    3
    Notes
    [1] - The number of subjects starting the period is not consistent with the number completing the preceding period. It is expected the number of subjects starting the subsequent period will be the same as the number completing the preceding period.
    Justification: Out of 43, 36 participants entered Extension Period.

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    AG-348 50 mg BID
    Reporting group description
    Subjects with PK deficiency received AG-348, 50 mg, as initial dose, BID for 24 weeks (Core Period). Subjects were assigned to initial doses, however, over the course of the Core Period were treated across a range of doses due to treatment emergent AEs and Hb levels exceeding mid-point of sex-adjusted ranges. At the Week 24 visit, Core Period subjects who had safely tolerated AG-348 and demonstrated clinical activity in response to AG-348 were potentially eligible to immediately roll over to the Extension Period for continued treatment. If subjects chose not to enroll, they were followed up to four weeks after the last dose of AG-348.

    Reporting group title
    AG-348 300 mg BID
    Reporting group description
    Subjects with PK deficiency received AG-348, 300 mg, as initial dose, BID for 24 weeks (Core Period). Subjects were assigned to initial doses, however, over the course of the Core Period were treated across a range of doses due to treatment emergent AEs and Hb levels exceeding mid-point of sex-adjusted ranges. At the Week 24 visit, Core Period subjects who had safely tolerated AG-348 and demonstrated clinical activity in response to AG-348 were potentially eligible to immediately roll over to the Extension Period for continued treatment. If subjects chose not to enroll, they were followed up to four weeks after the last dose of AG-348.

    Reporting group values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID Total
    Number of subjects
    27 25 52
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    30.6 ( 11.20 ) 37.6 ( 12.02 ) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    9 11 20
        Male
    18 14 32
    Ethnicity
    Units: Subjects
        Hispanic or Latino
    0 0 0
        Not Hispanic or Latino
    24 23 47
        Unknown or Not Reported
    3 2 5
    Race
    Units: Subjects
        American Indian or Alaska Native
    0 0 0
        Asian
    2 1 3
        Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
    0 0 0
        Black or African American
    0 0 0
        White
    22 21 43
        Other
    1 2 3
        Unknown or Not Reported
    2 1 3

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    AG-348 50 mg BID
    Reporting group description
    Subjects with PK deficiency received AG-348, 50 mg, as initial dose, BID for 24 weeks (Core Period). Subjects were assigned to initial doses, however, over the course of the Core Period were treated across a range of doses due to treatment emergent AEs and Hb levels exceeding mid-point of sex-adjusted ranges. At the Week 24 visit, Core Period subjects who had safely tolerated AG-348 and demonstrated clinical activity in response to AG-348 were potentially eligible to immediately roll over to the Extension Period for continued treatment. If subjects chose not to enroll, they were followed up to four weeks after the last dose of AG-348.

    Reporting group title
    AG-348 300 mg BID
    Reporting group description
    Subjects with PK deficiency received AG-348, 300 mg, as initial dose, BID for 24 weeks (Core Period). Subjects were assigned to initial doses, however, over the course of the Core Period were treated across a range of doses due to treatment emergent AEs and Hb levels exceeding mid-point of sex-adjusted ranges. At the Week 24 visit, Core Period subjects who had safely tolerated AG-348 and demonstrated clinical activity in response to AG-348 were potentially eligible to immediately roll over to the Extension Period for continued treatment. If subjects chose not to enroll, they were followed up to four weeks after the last dose of AG-348.
    Reporting group title
    AG-348 50 mg BID
    Reporting group description
    Subjects with Pyruvate Kinase (PK) deficiency received AG-348, 50 milligrams (mg), as initial dose, twice daily (BID) for 24 weeks (Core Period). Subjects were assigned to initial doses, however, over the course of the Core Period were treated across a range of doses due to treatment emergent adverse events (AEs) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels exceeding mid-point of sex-adjusted ranges. At the Week 24 visit, Core Period subjects who had safely tolerated AG-348 and demonstrated clinical activity in response to AG-348 were rolled over to the Extension Period. During the extension period, subjects continued to receive AG-348 300 mg, BID, up to 102 months.

    Reporting group title
    AG-348 300 mg BID
    Reporting group description
    Subjects with PK deficiency received AG-348, 300 mg, as initial dose, BID for 24 weeks (Core Period). Subjects were assigned to initial doses, however, over the course of the Core Period were treated across a range of doses due to treatment emergent AEs and Hb levels exceeding mid-point of sex-adjusted ranges. At the Week 24 visit, Core Period subjects who had safely tolerated AG-348 and demonstrated clinical activity in response to AG-348 were rolled over to the Extension Period. During the extension period, subjects continued to receive AG-348 300 mg, BID, up to 102 months.

    Subject analysis set title
    AG-348 50 mg BID (Core Period+ Extension Period)
    Subject analysis set type
    Full analysis
    Subject analysis set description
    Subjects with PK deficiency received AG-348, 50 mg, as initial dose, BID, for 24 weeks (Core Period). Subjects were assigned to initial doses, however, over the course of the Core Period were treated across a range of doses due to AEs and Hb levels exceeding mid-point of sex-adjusted ranges. At the Week 24 visit, Core Period subjects who had safely tolerated AG-348 and demonstrated clinical activity in response to AG-348 were rolled over to the Extension Period. During the extension period, subjects continued to receive AG-348 50 mg, BID, up to 102 months.

    Subject analysis set title
    AG-348 300 mg BID (Core Period + Extension Period)
    Subject analysis set type
    Full analysis
    Subject analysis set description
    Subjects with PK deficiency received AG-348, 300 mg, as initial dose, BID, for 24 weeks (Core Period). Subjects were assigned to initial doses, however, over the course of the Core Period were treated across a range of doses due to treatment emergent AEs and Hb levels exceeding mid-point of sex-adjusted ranges. At the Week 24 visit, Core Period subjects who had safely tolerated AG-348 and demonstrated clinical activity in response to AG-348 were rolled over to the Extension Period. During the extension period, subjects continued to receive AG-348 300 mg, BID, up to 102 months.

    Primary: Percentage of Subjects Experiencing at Least One Adverse Event (AEs) in the Core Period

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    End point title
    Percentage of Subjects Experiencing at Least One Adverse Event (AEs) in the Core Period [1]
    End point description
    An AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence associated with the use of a drug in humans, whether or not considered study drug-related. The Safety Analysis Set included all subjects who had received at least one dose of study drug.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Up to Week 24
    Notes
    [1] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: No formal statistical hypotheses were tested for the primary end point.
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    27
    25
    Units: percentage of subjects
        number (not applicable)
    96.3
    100
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Percentage of Subjects Experiencing at Least One AE up to Month 102

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    End point title
    Percentage of Subjects Experiencing at Least One AE up to Month 102 [2]
    End point description
    An AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence associated with the use of a drug in humans, whether or not considered study drug-related. Safety data for cumulative period (Core period and Extension period) has been reported in this outcome measure. The Safety Analysis Set included all participants who had received at least one dose of study drug.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Up to Month 102
    Notes
    [2] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: No formal statistical hypotheses were tested for the primary end point.
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID (Core Period+ Extension Period) AG-348 300 mg BID (Core Period + Extension Period)
    Number of subjects analysed
    27
    25
    Units: percentage of subjects
        number (not applicable)
    100.0
    100.0
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin (Hb) Value at Week 24

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin (Hb) Value at Week 24
    End point description
    Change (absolute change) from baseline was calculated as post-baseline value - baseline value. Increased Hb values indicate improvement. The Full Analysis Set included all randomised subjects. 'n' indicates number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline and Week 24
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    27
    25
    Units: grams per liter (g/L)
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Baseline (n=27,25)
    92.43 ( 14.760 )
    86.36 ( 11.668 )
        Change at Week 24 (n=21, 23)
    13.10 ( 13.644 )
    16.65 ( 16.874 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline Hb Value up to Month 102

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline Hb Value up to Month 102
    End point description
    Change (absolute change) from baseline was calculated as post-baseline value - baseline value. Increased Hb values indicate improvement. The Full Analysis Set included all randomised subjects. Number of subjects analysed is the number of subjects with evaluable data for this outcome measure. 'n' indicates number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Months 12, 36, 60, 84, and 102
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    12
    16
    Units: g/L
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Change at Month 12 (n= 12, 16)
    15.25 ( 16.046 )
    23.93 ( 18.005 )
        Change at Month 36 (n= 7, 11)
    23.14 ( 8.212 )
    25.23 ( 13.009 )
        Change at Month 60 (n=7, 11)
    22.43 ( 7.606 )
    28.95 ( 12.712 )
        Change at Month 84 (n= 7, 10)
    20.14 ( 8.037 )
    26.92 ( 17.440 )
        Change at Month 102 (n=2, 3)
    20.92 ( 9.075 )
    25.50 ( 9.918 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Hematocrit at Week 24

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Hematocrit at Week 24
    End point description
    Change (absolute change) from baseline was calculated as post-baseline value - baseline value. Increased hematocrit values indicate improvement. The Full Analysis Set included all randomised subjects. 'n' indicates number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline and Week 24
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    27
    25
    Units: fraction of 1
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Baseline (n=27,25)
    0.2881 ( 0.04494 )
    0.2693 ( 0.03325 )
        Change at Week 24 (n=21,23)
    0.0360 ( 0.03916 )
    0.0444 ( 0.04745 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Hematocrit up to Month 102

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Hematocrit up to Month 102
    End point description
    Change (absolute change) from baseline was calculated as post-baseline value - baseline value. Increased hematocrit values indicate improvement. The Full Analysis Set included all randomised subjects. Number of subjects analysed is the number of subjects with evaluable data for this outcome measure. 'n' indicates number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Months 12, 36, 60, 84, and 102
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    12
    16
    Units: fraction of 1
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Change at Month 12 (n= 12, 16)
    0.0428 ( 0.04823 )
    0.0673 ( 0.04854 )
        Change at Month 36 (n= 7, 11)
    0.0550 ( 0.02836 )
    0.0598 ( 0.04136 )
        Change at Month 60 (n= 7, 11)
    0.0565 ( 0.02264 )
    0.0726 ( 0.03137 )
        Change at Month 84 (n=7, 10)
    0.0475 ( 0.02330 )
    0.0690 ( 0.04855 )
        Change at Month 102 (n= 2, 2)
    0.0482 ( 0.01296 )
    0.0550 ( 0.04525 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Reticulocyte Count at Week 24

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Reticulocyte Count at Week 24
    End point description
    Change (absolute change) from baseline was calculated as post-baseline value - baseline value. Decreased reticulocyte count values indicate improvement. The Full Analysis Set included all randomised subjects. 'n' indicates number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline and Week 24
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    27
    25
    Units: cells * 10^9/liter
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Baseline (n=27,25)
    459.39 ( 230.621 )
    474.19 ( 233.868 )
        Change at Week 24 (n=21,20)
    -73.77 ( 300.971 )
    -3.96 ( 327.426 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Reticulocyte Count up to Month 102

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Reticulocyte Count up to Month 102
    End point description
    Change (absolute change) from baseline will be calculated as post-baseline value - baseline value. Decreased reticulocyte count values indicate improvement. The Full Analysis Set included all randomised subjects. Number of subjects analysed is the number of subjects with evaluable data for this outcome measure.. 'n' indicates number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Months 12, 36, 60, 84, and 102
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    11
    15
    Units: cells * 10^9/liter
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Change at Month 12 (n= 11, 15)
    -272.65 ( 267.001 )
    -32.51 ( 348.744 )
        Change at Month 36 (n= 7, 11)
    -225.83 ( 265.429 )
    -83.61 ( 291.972 )
        Change at Month 60 (n= 7, 10)
    -188.36 ( 226.949 )
    -106.67 ( 291.400 )
        Change at Month 84 (n= 7, 9)
    -157.58 ( 268.248 )
    -161.47 ( 263.235 )
        Change at Month 102 (n= 2, 3)
    -64.06 ( 58.277 )
    -293.01 ( 300.258 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Haptoglobin at Week 24

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Haptoglobin at Week 24
    End point description
    Change (absolute change) from baseline was calculated as post-baseline value - baseline value. Increased haptoglobin values indicate improvement. The Full Analysis Set included all randomised subjects. 'n' indicates number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline and Week 24
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    7
    4
    Units: g/L
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Baseline (n=7,4)
    0.360 ( 0.2568 )
    0.460 ( 0.5362 )
        Change at Week 24 (n=7,3)
    0.230 ( 0.2475 )
    0.260 ( 0.4503 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Haptoglobin up to Month 102

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Haptoglobin up to Month 102
    End point description
    Change (absolute change) from baseline was calculated as post-baseline value - baseline value. Increased haptoglobin values indicate improvement. The Full Analysis Set included all randomised subjects. Number of subjects analysed is the number of subjects with evaluable data for this outcome measure. 'n' indicates number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point. '9999' signifies that standard deviation was not estimable for a single subject.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Months 12, 36, 60, 84, and 102
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    4
    4
    Units: g/L
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Change at Month 12 (n= 4, 4)
    0.343 ( 0.3865 )
    0.523 ( 0.6261 )
        Change at Month 36 (n= 2, 1)
    0.135 ( 0.2051 )
    0.940 ( 9999 )
        Change at Month 60 (n = 1, 1)
    0.110 ( 9999 )
    0.710 ( 9999 )
        Change at Month 84 (n= 1, 1)
    0.760 ( 9999 )
    1.700 ( 9999 )
        Change at Month 102 (n= 1, 1)
    0.390 ( 9999 )
    0.610 ( 9999 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) at Week 24

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) at Week 24
    End point description
    Change (absolute change) from baseline was calculated as post-baseline value - baseline value. Decreased COHb values indicate improvement. The Full Analysis Set included all subjects. Number of subjects analysed is the number of subjects with evaluable data. 'n' indicates number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline and Week 24
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    18
    20
    Units: percentage Hb bound to COHb
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Baseline (n=18,20)
    5.5 ( 1.42 )
    6.2 ( 2.31 )
        Change at Week 24 (n=12,13)
    -1.3 ( 2.26 )
    -0.6 ( 1.89 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in COHb up to Month 30

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in COHb up to Month 30
    End point description
    Change (absolute change) from baseline was calculated as post-baseline value - baseline value. Decreased COHb values indicate improvement. The Full Analysis Set included all randomised subjects. Number of subjects analysed is the number of subjects with evaluable data for this outcome measure. 'n' indicates number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Months 12, 18, 24, and 30
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    7
    10
    Units: percentage Hb bound to CO
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Change at Month 12 (n= 7, 10)
    0.0 ( 1.73 )
    -0.1 ( 1.79 )
        Change at Month 18 (n= 6, 9)
    -0.7 ( 1.63 )
    -1.1 ( 1.54 )
        Change at Month 24 (n= 5, 7)
    -1.0 ( 2.00 )
    -0.6 ( 3.26 )
        Change at Month 30 (n= 5, 6)
    -0.2 ( 0.84 )
    -1.2 ( 1.47 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) at Week 24

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) at Week 24
    End point description
    Change (absolute change) from baseline was calculated as post-baseline value - baseline value. Decreased LDH values indicate improvement. The Full Analysis Set included all randomised subjects. 'n' indicates number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline and Week 24
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    27
    25
    Units: units per liter (U/L)
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Baseline (n=27,25)
    287.17 ( 172.172 )
    257.42 ( 129.110 )
        Change at Week 24 (n=21,22)
    -36.74 ( 140.291 )
    -4.89 ( 148.024 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in LDH up to Month 30

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in LDH up to Month 30
    End point description
    Change (absolute change) from baseline was calculated as post-baseline value - baseline value. Decreased LDH values indicate improvement. The Full Analysis Set included all randomised subjects. Number of subjects analysed is the number of subjects with evaluable data for this outcome measure. 'n' indicates number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Months 12, 18, 24, and 30
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    12
    17
    Units: U/L
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Change at Month 12 (n= 12, 17)
    -38.13 ( 137.244 )
    -33.78 ( 155.946 )
        Change at Month 18 (n= 11, 15)
    -8.50 ( 185.778 )
    -29.92 ( 166.593 )
        Change at Month 24 (n= 9, 11)
    -130.28 ( 209.075 )
    -76.30 ( 169.040 )
        Change at Month 30 (n= 6, 11)
    -148.25 ( 174.606 )
    -73.84 ( 169.661 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Total Bilirubin at Week 24

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Total Bilirubin at Week 24
    End point description
    Change (absolute change) from baseline was calculated as post-baseline value - baseline value. Decreased total bilirubin values indicate improvement. The Full Analysis Set included all randomised subjects. 'n' indicates number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline and Week 24
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    27
    25
    Units: micromole per liter (umol/L)
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Baseline (n=27,25)
    92.91 ( 53.178 )
    93.44 ( 54.169 )
        Change at Week 24 (n=21,23)
    -36.05 ( 34.231 )
    -49.85 ( 40.027 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Total Bilirubin up to Month 102

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Total Bilirubin up to Month 102
    End point description
    Change (absolute change) from baseline was calculated as post-baseline value - baseline value. Decreased total bilirubin values indicate improvement. The Full Analysis Set included all randomised subjects. Number of subjects analysed is the number of subjects with evaluable data for this outcome measure. 'n' indicates number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Months 12, 36, 60, 84, and 102
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    13
    17
    Units: umol/L
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Change at Month 12 (n= 13, 17)
    -45.61 ( 34.686 )
    -55.86 ( 46.161 )
        Change at Month 36 (n= 7, 11)
    -41.66 ( 41.309 )
    -42.14 ( 42.841 )
        Change at Month 60 (n= 7, 11)
    -39.71 ( 37.754 )
    -41.78 ( 38.803 )
        Change at Month 84 (n= 7, 10)
    -47.04 ( 38.220 )
    -46.81 ( 46.865 )
        Change at Month 102 (n= 3, 3)
    -65.85 ( 57.731 )
    -96.16 ( 63.521 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Indirect Bilirubin at Week 24

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Indirect Bilirubin at Week 24
    End point description
    Change (absolute change) from baseline was calculated as post-baseline value - baseline value. Decreased indirect bilirubin values indicate improvement. The Full Analysis Set included all randomised subjects. 'n' indicates number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline and Week 24
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    27
    25
    Units: umol/L
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Baseline (n=27,25)
    85.74 ( 52.881 )
    86.64 ( 53.717 )
        Change at Week 24 (n=21,20)
    -36.69 ( 31.979 )
    -53.99 ( 40.081 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Indirect Bilirubin up to Month 102

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Indirect Bilirubin up to Month 102
    End point description
    Change (absolute change) from baseline was calculated as post-baseline value - baseline value. Decreased indirect bilirubin values indicate improvement. The Full Analysis Set included all randomised subjects. Number of subjects analysed is the number of subjects with evaluable data for this outcome measure. 'n' indicates number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Months 12, 36, 60, 84, and 102
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    12
    17
    Units: umol/L
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Change at Month 12 (n= 12, 17)
    -46.32 ( 35.996 )
    -54.92 ( 45.237 )
        Change at Month 36 (n= 7, 10)
    -41.17 ( 42.994 )
    -45.81 ( 42.396 )
        Change at Month 60 (n= 7, 10)
    -39.46 ( 39.129 )
    -45.04 ( 39.308 )
        Change at Month 84 (n= 7, 9)
    -47.52 ( 39.990 )
    -49.57 ( 46.674 )
        Change at Month 102 (n= 3, 3)
    -68.42 ( 58.135 )
    -95.69 ( 60.128 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Erythropoietin (EPO) at Week 24

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Erythropoietin (EPO) at Week 24
    End point description
    Change (absolute change) from baseline was calculated as post-baseline value - baseline value. Decreased EPO values indicate improvement. The Full Analysis Set included all randomised subjects. 'n' indicates number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline and Week 24
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    27
    25
    Units: international units per liter (IU/L)
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Baseline (n=27,25)
    85.45 ( 159.409 )
    60.90 ( 19.519 )
        Change at Week 24 (n=21,22)
    -7.11 ( 34.754 )
    -12.61 ( 26.596 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in EPO up to Month 30

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in EPO up to Month 30
    End point description
    Change (absolute change) from baseline was calculated as post-baseline value - baseline value. Decreased EPO values indicate improvement. The Full Analysis Set included all randomised subjects. Number of subjects analysed is the number of subjects with evaluable data for this outcome measure. 'n' indicates number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Months 12, 18, 24, and 30
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    13
    17
    Units: IU/L
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Change at Month 12 (n= 13, 17)
    10.17 ( 38.685 )
    -11.09 ( 38.484 )
        Change at Month 18 (n= 11, 15)
    1.17 ( 33.991 )
    -18.89 ( 24.148 )
        Change at Month 24 (n= 9, 11)
    -15.50 ( 28.899 )
    -26.46 ( 20.701 )
        Change at Month 30 (n= 8, 10)
    -12.01 ( 15.495 )
    -21.80 ( 24.400 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Hepcidin at Week 24

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Hepcidin at Week 24
    End point description
    Change (absolute change) from baseline was calculated as post-baseline value - baseline value. Decreased hepcidin values indicate improvement. The Full Analysis Set included all randomised subjects. 'n' indicates number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline and Week 24
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    6
    6
    Units: nanograms per liter (ng/L)
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Baseline (n=6,6)
    9471.7 ( 9501.70 )
    10708.3 ( 10109.53 )
        Change at Week 24 (n=6,5)
    -1011.7 ( 6156.16 )
    -4684.0 ( 5631.56 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Hepcidin up to Month 30

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Hepcidin up to Month 30
    End point description
    Change (absolute change) from baseline was calculated as post-baseline value - baseline value. Decreased hepcidin values indicate improvement. The Full Analysis Set included all randomised subjects. Number of subjects analysed is the number of subjects with evaluable data for this outcome measure. 'n' indicates number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point. '9999' signifies that standard deviation was not estimable for a single subject.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Months 12, 18, 24, and 30
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    4
    5
    Units: ng/L
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Change at Month 12 (n= 4, 5)
    -2755.0 ( 12485.25 )
    -6606.0 ( 8980.10 )
        Change at Month 18 (n= 3, 3)
    3900.0 ( 3334.29 )
    -1633.3 ( 864.08 )
        Change at Month 24 (n= 3, 1)
    7076.7 ( 2918.17 )
    -7930.0 ( 9999 )
        Change at Month 30 (n= 3, 1)
    4400.0 ( 3450.93 )
    -3650.0 ( 9999 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Ferritin at Week 24

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Ferritin at Week 24
    End point description
    Change (absolute change) from baseline was calculated as post-baseline value - baseline value. Decreased ferritin values indicate improvement. The Full Analysis Set included all randomised subjects. 'n' indicates number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline and Week 24
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    27
    25
    Units: micrograms per liter (ug/L)
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Baseline (n=27,25)
    857.667 ( 681.0690 )
    868.600 ( 492.1219 )
        Change at Week 24 (n=21,21)
    60.333 ( 406.5114 )
    -7.286 ( 232.9322 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Ferritin up to Month 102

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Ferritin up to Month 102
    End point description
    Change (absolute change) from baseline was calculated as post-baseline value - baseline value. Decreased ferritin values indicate improvement. The Full Analysis Set included all randomised subjects. Number of subjects analysed is the number of subjects with evaluable data for this outcome measure. 'n' indicates number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Months 12, 36, 60, 84, and 102
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    13
    17
    Units: ug/L
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Change at Month 12 (n= 13, 17)
    -20.692 ( 207.6064 )
    2.265 ( 196.0776 )
        Change at Month 36 (n = 7, 10)
    -25.286 ( 396.5967 )
    -136.150 ( 136.3716 )
        Change at Month 60 (n= 6, 9)
    -162.667 ( 615.9044 )
    -279.944 ( 220.8130 )
        Change at Month 84 (n= 6, 9)
    136.000 ( 163.1086 )
    -385.722 ( 285.6371 )
        Change at Month 102 (n= 3, 3)
    193.333 ( 80.7548 )
    -361.000 ( 163.9909 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Transferrin Saturation at Week 24

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Transferrin Saturation at Week 24
    End point description
    Transferrin saturation is the ratio of serum iron to iron-binding capacity. Change (absolute change) from baseline was calculated as post-baseline value - baseline value. Decreased transferrin saturation values indicate improvement. The Full Analysis Set included all randomised subjects. 'n' indicates number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline and Week 24
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    21
    24
    Units: fraction of 1
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Baseline (n=21,24)
    0.501 ( 0.2374 )
    0.643 ( 0.2188 )
        Change at Week 24 (n=13,18)
    -0.055 ( 0.1490 )
    -0.036 ( 0.1819 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Transferrin Saturation up to Month 102

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Transferrin Saturation up to Month 102
    End point description
    Transferrin saturation is the ratio of serum iron to iron-binding capacity. Change (absolute change) from baseline was calculated as post-baseline value - baseline value. Decreased transferrin saturation values indicate improvement. The Full Analysis Set included all randomised subjects. Number of subjects analysed is the number of subjects with evaluable data for this outcome measure. 'n' indicates number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Months 12, 36, 60, 84, and 102
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    10
    15
    Units: fraction of 1
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Change at Month 12 (n= 10, 15)
    -0.039 ( 0.1999 )
    -0.034 ( 0.2431 )
        Change at Month 36 (n= 5, 9)
    -0.074 ( 0.3472 )
    -0.067 ( 0.2666 )
        Change at Month 60 (n= 4, 7)
    0.060 ( 0.2128 )
    -0.031 ( 0.1483 )
        Change at Month 84 (n= 5, 6)
    -0.190 ( 0.2176 )
    0.056 ( 0.1319 )
        Change at Month 102 (n= 3, 3)
    -0.207 ( 0.4200 )
    0.117 ( 0.3150 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to the Last Non-zero Concentration (AUC0-t) for AG-348 and Its Metabolite AGI-8702

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    End point title
    Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to the Last Non-zero Concentration (AUC0-t) for AG-348 and Its Metabolite AGI-8702
    End point description
    Subjects with pre-dose concentrations on Day 1 were excluded from the pharmacokinetics analysis, if any. The Pharmacokinetic Analysis Set included all subjects from Core Period, without major protocol violation, who were enrolled and received any dose of study treatment, with sufficient plasma sample or whole blood data to assess pharmacokinetic parameters. Number of subjects analysed is the number of subjects with evaluable data. 'n' indicates the number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 hours post-dose Day 1 and pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 hours post-dose Day 15
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    5
    7
    Units: nanograms*hours per milliliter(hr*ng/mL)
    geometric mean (geometric coefficient of variation)
        Day 1: AG-348 (n=5,7)
    3287 ( 20.9 )
    27930 ( 38.1 )
        Day 15: AG-348 (n=5,5)
    3609 ( 38.2 )
    11610 ( 11.3 )
        Day 1: AGI-8702 (n=5,7)
    235.6 ( 32.6 )
    2637 ( 34.9 )
        Day 15: AGI-8702 (n=5,5)
    425.8 ( 21.8 )
    2235 ( 19.4 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) for AG-348 and Its Metabolite AGI-8702

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    End point title
    Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) for AG-348 and Its Metabolite AGI-8702
    End point description
    Subjects with pre-dose concentrations on Day 1 were excluded from the pharmacokinetics analysis, if any. The Pharmacokinetic Analysis Set included all subjects from Core Period, without major protocol violation, who were enrolled and received any dose of study treatment, with sufficient plasma sample or whole blood data to assess pharmacokinetic parameters. Number of subjects analysed is the number of subjects with evaluable data. 'n' indicates the number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 hours post-dose Day 1 and pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 hours post-dose Day 15
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    5
    7
    Units: nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL)
    geometric mean (geometric coefficient of variation)
        Day 1: AG-348 (n=5,7)
    870.0 ( 9.2 )
    7606 ( 41.8 )
        Day 15: AG-348 (n=5,5)
    943.4 ( 30.7 )
    5259 ( 35.6 )
        Day 1: AGI-8702 (n=5,7)
    41.03 ( 43.6 )
    414.7 ( 35.6 )
        Day 15: AGI-8702 (n=5,5)
    71.94 ( 22.0 )
    533.7 ( 25.6 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Time to Reach Peak Plasma Concentration (Tmax) for AG-348 and Its Metabolite AGI-8702

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    End point title
    Time to Reach Peak Plasma Concentration (Tmax) for AG-348 and Its Metabolite AGI-8702
    End point description
    Subjects with pre-dose concentrations on Day 1 were excluded from the pharmacokinetics analysis, if any. The Pharmacokinetic Analysis Set included all subjects from Core Period, without major protocol violation, who were enrolled and received any dose of study treatment, with sufficient plasma sample or whole blood data to assess pharmacokinetic parameters. Number of subjects analysed is the number of subjects with evaluable data. 'n' indicates the number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 hours post-dose Day 1 and pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 hours post-dose Day 15
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    5
    7
    Units: hour (hr)
    median (full range (min-max))
        Day 1: AG-348 (n=5,7)
    1.92 (0.97 to 2.03)
    1.97 (1.00 to 2.08)
        Day 15: AG-348 (n=5,5)
    1.00 (0.97 to 1.90)
    1.00 (0.42 to 2.00)
        Day 1: AGI-8702 (n=5,7)
    2.00 (1.92 to 2.03)
    1.97 (1.00 to 2.13)
        Day 15: AGI-8702 (n=5,5)
    2.00 (1.95 to 4.00)
    1.00 (0.93 to 4.00)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Apparent Clearance at Steady-State (Clss/F) for AG-348 and Its Metabolite AGI-8702

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    End point title
    Apparent Clearance at Steady-State (Clss/F) for AG-348 and Its Metabolite AGI-8702
    End point description
    Subjects with pre-dose concentrations on Day 1 were excluded from the pharmacokinetics analysis, if any. The Pharmacokinetic Analysis Set included all subjects from Core Period, without major protocol violation, who were enrolled and received any dose of study treatment, with sufficient plasma sample or whole blood data to assess pharmacokinetic parameters. Number of subjects analysed is the number of subjects with evaluable data. 'n' indicates the number of subjects with evaluable data at the given time-point.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 hours post-dose Day 15
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    5
    7
    Units: liter per hour (L/hr)
    geometric mean (geometric coefficient of variation)
        Day 15: AG-348 (n=5,5)
    12.27 ( 40.3 )
    25.31 ( 11.7 )
        Day 15: AGI-8702 (n=3,3)
    91.50 ( 31.0 )
    128.2 ( 18.8 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Maximum Change From Baseline Response Value Over 12 Hours Post-dose (BRmax) for Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

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    End point title
    Maximum Change From Baseline Response Value Over 12 Hours Post-dose (BRmax) for Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
    End point description
    Pre-dose concentration observed on Day 1 was used as Baseline for calculation of change from baseline. The Pharmacodynamic (PD) Analysis Set included all subjects from Core Period, without major protocol violation, who were enrolled and received any dose of study treatment, with sufficient plasma sample or whole blood data to assess PD parameters. Number of subjects analysed is the number of subjects with evaluable data.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 hours post-dose Day 1
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    4
    6
    Units: µg/mL
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    16.50 ( 11.790 )
    20.67 ( 6.8896 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Maximum Change From Baseline Response Value Over 8 Hours Post-dose at Steady State (BRmax ss) for ATP

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    End point title
    Maximum Change From Baseline Response Value Over 8 Hours Post-dose at Steady State (BRmax ss) for ATP
    End point description
    Pre-dose concentration observed on Day 1 was used as Baseline for calculation of change from baseline. The PD Analysis Set included all subjects from Core Period, without major protocol violation, who were enrolled and received any dose of study treatment, with sufficient plasma sample or whole blood data to assess PD parameters. Number of subjects analysed is the number of subjects with evaluable data.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 hours post-dose Day 15
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    4
    4
    Units: µg/mL
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    1.500 ( 31.032 )
    45.50 ( 60.995 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: BRmax for 2,3 - Diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG)

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    End point title
    BRmax for 2,3 - Diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG)
    End point description
    Pre-dose concentration observed on Day 1 was used as Baseline for calculation of change from baseline. The PD Analysis Set included all participants from Core Period, without major protocol violation, who were enrolled and received any dose of study treatment, with sufficient plasma sample or whole blood data to assess PD parameters. Number of subjects analysed is the number of subjects with evaluable data.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 hours post-dose Day 1
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    4
    7
    Units: µg/mL
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    42.25 ( 38.836 )
    59.57 ( 58.569 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: BRmax ss for 2,3-DPG

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    End point title
    BRmax ss for 2,3-DPG
    End point description
    Pre-dose concentration observed on Day 1 was used as Baseline for calculation of change from baseline. The PD Analysis Set included all participants from Core Period, without major protocol violation, who were enrolled and received any dose of study treatment, with sufficient plasma sample or whole blood data to assess PD parameters. Number of subjects analysed is the number of subjects with evaluable data.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 hours post-dose Day 15
    End point values
    AG-348 50 mg BID AG-348 300 mg BID
    Number of subjects analysed
    4
    5
    Units: µg/mL
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    -65.50 ( 69.745 )
    8.200 ( 195.13 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    Up to Month 102
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    The Safety Analysis Set included all subjects who had received at least one dose of study drug. As pre-specified in Protocol, cumulative Safety data for Core period and Extension period was reported.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    27.1
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    AG-348 50 mg BID (Core Period+ Extension Period)
    Reporting group description
    Subjects with PK deficiency received AG-348, 50 mg, as initial dose, BID, for 24 weeks (Core Period). Subjects were assigned to initial doses, however, over the course of the Core Period were treated across a range of doses due to AEs and Hb levels exceeding mid-point of sex-adjusted ranges. At the Week 24 visit, Core Period subjects who had safely tolerated AG-348 and demonstrated clinical activity in response to AG-348 were rolled over to the Extension Period. During the extension period, subjects continued to receive AG-348 50 mg, BID, up to 102 months.

    Reporting group title
    AG-348 300 mg BID (Core Period + Extension Period)
    Reporting group description
    Subjects with PK deficiency received AG-348, 300 mg, as initial dose, BID, for 24 weeks (Core Period). Subjects were assigned to initial doses, however, over the course of the Core Period were treated across a range of doses due to treatment emergent AEs and Hb levels exceeding mid-point of sex-adjusted ranges. At the Week 24 visit, Core Period subjects who had safely tolerated AG-348 and demonstrated clinical activity in response to AG-348 were rolled over to the Extension Period. During the extension period, subjects continued to receive AG-348 300 mg, BID, up to 102 months.

    Serious adverse events
    AG-348 50 mg BID (Core Period+ Extension Period) AG-348 300 mg BID (Core Period + Extension Period)
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    12 / 27 (44.44%)
    7 / 25 (28.00%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Renal cell carcinoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Fibula fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Post procedural haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Tibia fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Haemolysis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    1 / 25 (4.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Haemolytic anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 27 (7.41%)
    1 / 25 (4.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 2
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    1 / 25 (4.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Colitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Inguinal hernia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    1 / 25 (4.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Mesenteric vein thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Reproductive system and breast disorders
    Endometriosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    1 / 25 (4.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Cholelithiasis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Anxiety
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Depression
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Initial insomnia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    1 / 25 (4.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Acute kidney injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nephrolithiasis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Fracture delayed union
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Osteoporosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Cellulitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    1 / 25 (4.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastroenteritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    1 / 25 (4.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastroenteritis clostridial
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastroenteritis viral
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infected bite
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    1 / 25 (4.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Influenza
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Suspected COVID-19
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Hypertriglyceridaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    1 / 25 (4.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    AG-348 50 mg BID (Core Period+ Extension Period) AG-348 300 mg BID (Core Period + Extension Period)
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    27 / 27 (100.00%)
    25 / 25 (100.00%)
    Vascular disorders
    Flushing
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 27 (7.41%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    2
    Hot flush
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 27 (7.41%)
    7 / 25 (28.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    7
    Hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    7
    Superficial vein thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 27 (7.41%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Asthenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 27 (14.81%)
    4 / 25 (16.00%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    4
    Chest discomfort
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    6 / 25 (24.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    8
    Fatigue
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 27 (25.93%)
    8 / 25 (32.00%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    39
    Influenza like illness
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 27 (11.11%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    2
    Non-cardiac chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    3 / 25 (12.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    5
    Pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    4
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    9 / 25 (36.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    15
    Chills
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 27 (7.41%)
    1 / 25 (4.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    1
    Peripheral swelling
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Immune system disorders
    Seasonal allergy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    3
    Reproductive system and breast disorders
    Dysmenorrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 27 (11.11%)
    4 / 25 (16.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    12
    Breast enlargement
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    7
    Heavy menstrual bleeding
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    18
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Cough
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 27 (22.22%)
    7 / 25 (28.00%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    14
    Dyspnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    6 / 25 (24.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    9
    Dyspnoea exertional
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    3 / 25 (12.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    4
    Epistaxis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 27 (7.41%)
    3 / 25 (12.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    6
    Nasal congestion
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 27 (14.81%)
    1 / 25 (4.00%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    3
    Oropharyngeal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 27 (14.81%)
    5 / 25 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    6
    Sneezing
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 27 (7.41%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Initial insomnia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    3
    Insomnia
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 27 (25.93%)
    16 / 25 (64.00%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    30
    Middle insomnia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    4
    Anxiety
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    2
    Investigations
    Alanine aminotransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 27 (11.11%)
    4 / 25 (16.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    6
    Blood bilirubin increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 27 (7.41%)
    1 / 25 (4.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    3
    Blood triglycerides increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 27 (7.41%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    0
    Haemoglobin decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 27 (11.11%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    2
    Haemoglobin increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Aspartate aminotransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 27 (7.41%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    2
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Scratch
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Cardiac disorders
    Palpitations
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    3 / 25 (12.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    5
    Nervous system disorders
    Anosmia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 27 (7.41%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 27 (18.52%)
    5 / 25 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    18
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 27 (48.15%)
    15 / 25 (60.00%)
         occurrences all number
    34
    54
    Paraesthesia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 27 (7.41%)
    4 / 25 (16.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    5
    Taste Disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 27 (7.41%)
    1 / 25 (4.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    5
    Lymphadenopathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 27 (7.41%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Thrombocytopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Haemolysis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Ear and labyrinth disorders
    Tinnitus
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    2
    Ear congestion
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Ear pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Eye disorders
    Vision blurred
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    3
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 27 (7.41%)
    5 / 25 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    8
    Abdominal pain upper
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    5 / 25 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    7
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 27 (22.22%)
    6 / 25 (24.00%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    13
    Dyspepsia
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 27 (11.11%)
    4 / 25 (16.00%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    7
    Gastrooesophageal reflux disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    4
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    12 / 27 (44.44%)
    12 / 25 (48.00%)
         occurrences all number
    19
    20
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 27 (11.11%)
    8 / 25 (32.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    8
    Dry Mouth
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 27 (7.41%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Ocular icterus
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 27 (7.41%)
    1 / 25 (4.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    1
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Night sweats
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    4 / 25 (16.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    5
    Pruritus
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    4 / 25 (16.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    8
    Rash
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    4 / 25 (16.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    7
    Skin ulcer
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    3 / 25 (12.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    5
    Rash maculo-papular
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    4
    Dermatitis contact
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 27 (7.41%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Dry skin
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 27 (7.41%)
    0 / 25 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Skin lesion
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Chromaturia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    3 / 25 (12.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    3
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Arthralgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 27 (14.81%)
    5 / 25 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    21
    Back pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 27 (22.22%)
    5 / 25 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    5
    Muscular weakness
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    5
    Musculoskeletal chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    5 / 25 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    5
    Myalgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 27 (11.11%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    3
    Osteopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    2
    Pain in extremity
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 27 (14.81%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    17
    Tendonitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    3 / 25 (12.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    3
    Muscle spasms
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    2
    Limb discomfort
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Neck pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Infections and infestations
    COVID-19
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 27 (11.11%)
    5 / 25 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    5
    Gastroenteritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 27 (11.11%)
    4 / 25 (16.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    5
    Gastroenteritis viral
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Herpes simplex
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Influenza
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 27 (25.93%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    2
    Nasopharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 27 (40.74%)
    9 / 25 (36.00%)
         occurrences all number
    12
    17
    Sinusitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 27 (11.11%)
    3 / 25 (12.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    3
    Upper respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 27 (11.11%)
    3 / 25 (12.00%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    11
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 27 (7.41%)
    3 / 25 (12.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    3
    Rhinitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    2
    Pharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Decreased appetite
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 27 (3.70%)
    2 / 25 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    2
    Hypertriglyceridaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 27 (18.52%)
    4 / 25 (16.00%)
         occurrences all number
    15
    6

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    02 Feb 2015
    • Corrected errors in the summary of clinical data, safety section. • Added new safety assessment of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans (hip and spine) to monitor bone measure density.
    05 Aug 2015
    • Added new dosage form of 5 mg capsules. • Updated Inclusion Criteria #13 and #16 to include a revised definition of abstinence. • Updated Exclusion Criterion #11 to clarify rules surrounding glucocorticoids. • Updated clinical data from studies of AG-348 in healthy volunteers. • Added text to explain what Agios will do in case of new, unexpected pre-clinical toxicology findings. • Clarified dose modifications for safety. • Added justification for duration of treatment. • Added clarifications for Day 8 and Day 22 assessments, if being performed by the patient’s primary care physician. • Added an additional time point to the complete blood count assessments and removed a PK/PD sampling timepoint. • Updated drug-drug interaction recommendations and prohibited concomitant medications. • Added new safety assessments of 25-hydroxy vitamin D2 and D3 to provide additional context for interpreting any observed changes in DXA scan results and markers of bone turnover, menstrual cycle diary to monitor hormonal changes, and serum osteocalcin-N-mid (removed serum N-terminal telopeptide) because of greater clinical experience with the former than the latter. Added neurological assessment to physical examination.
    10 Nov 2015
    • Clearly delineated the first 24 weeks of the study (Core Period) from the safety extension portion of the study (Extension Period). • Added details regarding the Extension Period of the study including objectives, inclusion/exclusion criteria, assessments, duration, and statistical analyses. • Inclusion Criteria #5 and #9 was clarified for the Core Period.
    30 Mar 2016
    • Dose modification language was adjusted to account for increases in hemoglobin concentrations. • New assessments of clinical activity of end tidal carbon monoxide (at select sites during the Core Period) and hepcidin were added. • Screening Period was extended to 42 days to better accommodate the turnaround time required for certain specialty laboratory examinations; clarifications were made surrounding recording of concomitant medications during this time period. • Inclusion/exclusion criteria were modified to allow for local laboratory evaluation of pyruvate kinase enzyme activity and G6PD; PKR genotyping from another laboratory will be allowed for enrollment, but genotype must be confirmed by the central laboratory; additional changes were made to other criteria for clarity. • Option for intra-patient dose escalation was added. • Unblinded hormone data from Study AG348-C-002 was added. • Corticosteroids were eliminated from the list of prohibited medications because the likelihood of clinically significant pharmacokinetic interaction between corticosteroids and AG-348 is considered low.
    30 Jun 2017
    • Implement within the Extension Period of the study a gradual dose-taper regimen used to identify the optimal maintenance dose for each subject, with corresponding new secondary study objective, rationale, schedule of assessments, and analysis methodology. • Updated information regarding identified and potential risks associated with AG-348, as presented in Version 4.0 of the Investigator’s Brochure (22 May 2017). • Incorporated updated toxicology data from nonclinical studies of AG-348 and updated safety and efficacy data from the current study. • Identified a new adverse event of special interest, transaminase increase, and added both a corresponding safety measure/endpoint and corresponding new reporting guidance. • Updated AG-348 dose discontinuation and modification directives. • Added guidance for 2 new concomitant therapy categories: sensitive CYP2B6 substrates and proton-pump inhibitors/H2-receptor antagonists.
    14 Dec 2017
    • Added 2 years to the Extension Period (total of up to 4 years). • Introduced a tablet formulation of AG-348. • Removed pharmacokinetic assessments from the Extension Period. • Reduced the number of pharmacodynamic assessments during the Extension Period. • Added a criterion for withdrawal from the Extension Period for subjects who have not had a robust and sustained increase in hemoglobin. • Removed withdrawal criterion for pregnancy to allow pregnant subjects to remain on study, but off treatment. • Added a dose-taper regimen to support discontinuation of AG-348.
    04 Sep 2019
    • Simplified the recommended dose taper for discontinuation of study drug. • Extended the duration of the study from 4 years to 8 years following completion of the Core Period. • Removed strict avoidance of concomitant transfusions. • Added further details for assessments following a transaminase increase that meet the criteria for an AESI. • Increased the length of the contraception period for males exposed to study treatment and the pregnancy reporting follow-up in female partners of male subjects. • Reduced the number of DRT reviews during the Extension Period.
    27 Aug 2020
    • The Data Review Team (DRT) is no longer required to meet at least annually if there are no subjects still being treated in the Core Period, and the only subjects on treatment are those in the Extension Period. • Telemedicine visits and direct-to-subject shipment of study drug were implemented in the Extension Period (every other visit starting Month 75) to alleviate the burden on subjects associated with on-site study visits. • Photosensitivity was removed from the list of potential risks associated with AG-348 based on the results of a neutral red uptake phototoxicity assay in BALB/c 3T3 mouse fibroblasts. • Guidance on allowed modifications to study conduct during declared public health emergencies and natural disasters was added for situations during which adherence to protocol-specified procedures is impeded, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. • Management of concomitant therapy was updated per the AG-348 Investigator’s Brochure.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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