Flag of the European Union EU Clinical Trials Register Help

Clinical trials

The European Union Clinical Trials Register   allows you to search for protocol and results information on:
  • interventional clinical trials that were approved in the European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA) under the Clinical Trials Directive 2001/20/EC
  • clinical trials conducted outside the EU/EEA that are linked to European paediatric-medicine development

  • EU/EEA interventional clinical trials approved under or transitioned to the Clinical Trial Regulation 536/2014 are publicly accessible through the
    Clinical Trials Information System (CTIS).


    The EU Clinical Trials Register currently displays   43871   clinical trials with a EudraCT protocol, of which   7290   are clinical trials conducted with subjects less than 18 years old.   The register also displays information on   18700   older paediatric trials (in scope of Article 45 of the Paediatric Regulation (EC) No 1901/2006).

    Phase 1 trials conducted solely on adults and that are not part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP) are not publicly available (see Frequently Asked Questions ).  
     
    Examples: Cancer AND drug name. Pneumonia AND sponsor name.
    How to search [pdf]
    Search Tips: Under advanced search you can use filters for Country, Age Group, Gender, Trial Phase, Trial Status, Date Range, Rare Diseases and Orphan Designation. For these items you should use the filters and not add them to your search terms in the text field.
    Advanced Search: Search tools
     

    < Back to search results

    Print Download

    Summary
    EudraCT Number:2015-000728-27
    Sponsor's Protocol Code Number:V118_18
    National Competent Authority:Romania - National Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices
    Clinical Trial Type:EEA CTA
    Trial Status:Completed
    Date on which this record was first entered in the EudraCT database:2016-06-22
    Trial results View results
    Index
    A. PROTOCOL INFORMATION
    B. SPONSOR INFORMATION
    C. APPLICANT IDENTIFICATION
    D. IMP IDENTIFICATION
    D.8 INFORMATION ON PLACEBO
    E. GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE TRIAL
    F. POPULATION OF TRIAL SUBJECTS
    G. INVESTIGATOR NETWORKS TO BE INVOLVED IN THE TRIAL
    N. REVIEW BY THE COMPETENT AUTHORITY OR ETHICS COMMITTEE IN THE COUNTRY CONCERNED
    P. END OF TRIAL
    Expand All   Collapse All
    A. Protocol Information
    A.1Member State ConcernedRomania - National Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices
    A.2EudraCT number2015-000728-27
    A.3Full title of the trial
    A Phase III, Randomized, Observer-Blind, Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Immunogenicity of an MF59-Adjuvanted Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine Compared to Non-influenza Vaccine Comparator in Adults ≥ 65 Years of Age
    A.3.1Title of the trial for lay people, in easily understood, i.e. non-technical, language
    Clinical Study in Elderly to Evaluate the Safety, Immunogenicity and Efficacy of Investigational Flu Vaccine Compared to an Approved non-Flu Vaccine
    A.3.2Name or abbreviated title of the trial where available
    Phase III Efficacy Study of aQIV in Elderly Adults
    A.4.1Sponsor's protocol code numberV118_18
    A.7Trial is part of a Paediatric Investigation Plan No
    A.8EMA Decision number of Paediatric Investigation Plan
    B. Sponsor Information
    B.Sponsor: 1
    B.1.1Name of SponsorSeqirus UK Limited
    B.1.3.4CountryUnited Kingdom
    B.3.1 and B.3.2Status of the sponsorCommercial
    B.4 Source(s) of Monetary or Material Support for the clinical trial:
    B.4.1Name of organisation providing supportSeqirus UK Limited
    B.4.2CountryUnited Kingdom
    B.5 Contact point designated by the sponsor for further information on the trial
    B.5.1Name of organisationSeqirus
    B.5.2Functional name of contact pointWim Vermeulen
    B.5.3 Address:
    B.5.3.1Street AddressHullenbergweg 89
    B.5.3.2Town/ cityAmsterdam
    B.5.3.3Post code1101 CL
    B.5.3.4CountryNetherlands
    B.5.4Telephone number31205640518
    B.5.6E-mailwim.vermeulen@seqirus.com
    D. IMP Identification
    D.IMP: 1
    D.1.2 and D.1.3IMP RoleTest
    D.2 Status of the IMP to be used in the clinical trial
    D.2.1IMP to be used in the trial has a marketing authorisation No
    D.2.5The IMP has been designated in this indication as an orphan drug in the Community No
    D.2.5.1Orphan drug designation number
    D.3 Description of the IMP
    D.3.1Product nameAdjuvanted Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine (aQIV) -surface antigen, inactivated, adjuvanted with MF59
    D.3.2Product code aQIV
    D.3.4Pharmaceutical form Suspension for injection in pre-filled syringe
    D.3.4.1Specific paediatric formulation No
    D.3.7Routes of administration for this IMPIntramuscular use
    D.3.8 to D.3.10 IMP Identification Details (Active Substances)
    D.3.8INN - Proposed INNA/ (H1N1)-LIKE VIRUS ANTIGEN
    D.3.9.1CAS number -
    D.3.9.2Current sponsor code-
    D.3.9.3Other descriptive nameA/ (H1N1)-LIKE VIRUS ANTIGEN (CALIFORNIA)
    D.3.9.4EV Substance CodeSUB117552
    D.3.10 Strength
    D.3.10.1Concentration unit µg microgram(s)
    D.3.10.2Concentration typenot less then
    D.3.10.3Concentration number15
    D.3.8 to D.3.10 IMP Identification Details (Active Substances)
    D.3.8INN - Proposed INNA/ (H3N2)-LIKE VIRUS ANTIGEN
    D.3.9.1CAS number -
    D.3.9.2Current sponsor code-
    D.3.9.3Other descriptive nameA/ (H3N2)-LIKE VIRUS ANTIGEN (Hong Kong)
    D.3.9.4EV Substance CodeSUB117553
    D.3.10 Strength
    D.3.10.1Concentration unit µg microgram(s)
    D.3.10.2Concentration typenot less then
    D.3.10.3Concentration number15
    D.3.8 to D.3.10 IMP Identification Details (Active Substances)
    D.3.8INN - Proposed INNB/ -LIKE VIRUS ANTIGEN
    D.3.9.1CAS number -
    D.3.9.2Current sponsor code-
    D.3.9.3Other descriptive nameB/ -LIKE VIRUS ANTIGEN (PHUKET)
    D.3.9.4EV Substance CodeSUB117554
    D.3.10 Strength
    D.3.10.1Concentration unit µg microgram(s)
    D.3.10.2Concentration typenot less then
    D.3.10.3Concentration number15
    D.3.8 to D.3.10 IMP Identification Details (Active Substances)
    D.3.8INN - Proposed INNB/ -LIKE VIRUS ANTIGEN
    D.3.9.1CAS number -
    D.3.9.2Current sponsor code-
    D.3.9.3Other descriptive nameB/ -LIKE VIRUS ANTIGEN (BRISBANE)
    D.3.9.4EV Substance CodeSUB117554
    D.3.10 Strength
    D.3.10.1Concentration unit µg microgram(s)
    D.3.10.2Concentration typenot less then
    D.3.10.3Concentration number15
    D.3.11 The IMP contains an:
    D.3.11.1Active substance of chemical origin No
    D.3.11.2Active substance of biological/ biotechnological origin (other than Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) Yes
    The IMP is a:
    D.3.11.3Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    D.3.11.3.1Somatic cell therapy medicinal product No
    D.3.11.3.2Gene therapy medical product No
    D.3.11.3.3Tissue Engineered Product No
    D.3.11.3.4Combination ATIMP (i.e. one involving a medical device) No
    D.3.11.3.5Committee on Advanced therapies (CAT) has issued a classification for this product No
    D.3.11.4Combination product that includes a device, but does not involve an Advanced Therapy No
    D.3.11.5Radiopharmaceutical medicinal product No
    D.3.11.6Immunological medicinal product (such as vaccine, allergen, immune serum) Yes
    D.3.11.7Plasma derived medicinal product No
    D.3.11.8Extractive medicinal product No
    D.3.11.9Recombinant medicinal product No
    D.3.11.10Medicinal product containing genetically modified organisms No
    D.3.11.11Herbal medicinal product No
    D.3.11.12Homeopathic medicinal product No
    D.3.11.13Another type of medicinal product No
    D.IMP: 2
    D.1.2 and D.1.3IMP RoleComparator
    D.2 Status of the IMP to be used in the clinical trial
    D.2.1IMP to be used in the trial has a marketing authorisation Yes
    D.2.1.1.1Trade name Boostrix
    D.2.1.1.2Name of the Marketing Authorisation holderGlaxoSmithKline
    D.2.1.2Country which granted the Marketing AuthorisationUnited States
    D.2.5The IMP has been designated in this indication as an orphan drug in the Community No
    D.2.5.1Orphan drug designation number
    D.3 Description of the IMP
    D.3.1Product nameBoostrix
    D.3.4Pharmaceutical form Suspension for injection in pre-filled syringe
    D.3.4.1Specific paediatric formulation No
    D.3.7Routes of administration for this IMPIntramuscular use
    D.3.8 to D.3.10 IMP Identification Details (Active Substances)
    D.3.8INN - Proposed INN-
    D.3.9.1CAS number -
    D.3.9.2Current sponsor code-
    D.3.9.3Other descriptive nameDIPHTHERIA, TETANUS AND PERTUSSIS (ACELLULAR, COMPONENT) VACCINE (ADSORBED)
    D.3.9.4EV Substance CodeSUB11911MIG
    D.3.10 Strength
    D.3.10.1Concentration unit ml millilitre(s)
    D.3.10.2Concentration typeequal
    D.3.10.3Concentration number0.5
    D.3.11 The IMP contains an:
    D.3.11.1Active substance of chemical origin No
    D.3.11.2Active substance of biological/ biotechnological origin (other than Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) Yes
    The IMP is a:
    D.3.11.3Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    D.3.11.3.1Somatic cell therapy medicinal product No
    D.3.11.3.2Gene therapy medical product No
    D.3.11.3.3Tissue Engineered Product No
    D.3.11.3.4Combination ATIMP (i.e. one involving a medical device) No
    D.3.11.3.5Committee on Advanced therapies (CAT) has issued a classification for this product No
    D.3.11.4Combination product that includes a device, but does not involve an Advanced Therapy No
    D.3.11.5Radiopharmaceutical medicinal product No
    D.3.11.6Immunological medicinal product (such as vaccine, allergen, immune serum) Yes
    D.3.11.7Plasma derived medicinal product No
    D.3.11.8Extractive medicinal product No
    D.3.11.9Recombinant medicinal product No
    D.3.11.10Medicinal product containing genetically modified organisms No
    D.3.11.11Herbal medicinal product No
    D.3.11.12Homeopathic medicinal product No
    D.3.11.13Another type of medicinal product No
    D.8 Information on Placebo
    E. General Information on the Trial
    E.1 Medical condition or disease under investigation
    E.1.1Medical condition(s) being investigated
    Profylaxis for Influenza virus
    E.1.1.1Medical condition in easily understood language
    Flu virus
    E.1.1.2Therapeutic area Diseases [C] - Virus Diseases [C02]
    MedDRA Classification
    E.1.2 Medical condition or disease under investigation
    E.1.2Version 20.0
    E.1.2Level PT
    E.1.2Classification code 10022000
    E.1.2Term Influenza
    E.1.2System Organ Class 10021881 - Infections and infestations
    E.1.3Condition being studied is a rare disease No
    E.2 Objective of the trial
    E.2.1Main objective of the trial
    - Primary efficacy objective: To demonstrate absolute vaccine efficacy of aQIV versus non-influenza comparator (Boostrix®) when administered as a single dose to prevent first occurrence RT-PCR-confirmed influenza, due to any strain of influenza regardless of antigenic match to the strains selected for the seasonal vaccine, in subjects ≥ 65 years of age.
    - Primary safety objective: To evaluate the safety of aQIV through assessment for local and systemic solicited adverse events through Day 7.
    - To evaluate the rates in each vaccine group of medically-attended adverse events within 30 days after the first occurrence RT-PCR confirmed ILI.
    - To evaluate the rates in each vaccine group of unsolicited adverse events for 21 days after vaccination and adverse events leading to withdrawal, serious adverse events (SAEs), adverse events of special interest (AESI), and new onset of chronic diseases (NOCD) for 365 days after vaccination.
    E.2.2Secondary objectives of the trial
    Key secondary efficacy objective: To demonstrate absolute vaccine efficacy of aQIV versus non-influenza comparator when administered as a single dose to prevent first occurrence culture-confirmed influenza, due to strains antigenically matched to the strains selected for the seasonal vaccine
    Secondary immunogenicity objectives:
    -To evaluate the immunogenicity of aQIV measured by HI titer 21 days after vaccination, against influenza strains homologous to the seasonal vaccine.
    E.2.3Trial contains a sub-study No
    E.3Principal inclusion criteria
    1.Males and females ≥ 65 years old who are healthy or have co-morbidities
    2.Individuals who or whose legal guardian have voluntarily given written consent after the nature of the study has been explained according to local regulatory requirements, prior to study entry.
    3. Ability to attend all scheduled visits and to comply with study procedures including follow-up (and responding to messages and telephone contact).
    E.4Principal exclusion criteria
    1.Receipt of diphtheria or tetanus toxoid or pertussis (acellular or whole cell) vaccines within the previous 5 years.
    2.History of behavioral or cognitive impairment or psychiatric condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, may interfere with the subject's ability to participate in the study.
    3.History of any medical condition considered an adverse event of special interest, see Section 7.1.4.1, Adverse Events of Special Interest.
    4.Progressive or severe neurological disorder, seizure disorder, or history of Guillain-Barré syndrome.
    5.Hypersensitivity, including allergy, to any component of vaccines see Table 6.1-1 and Table 6.1-2 , medicinal products or medical equipment whose use is foreseen in this study.
    6.Encephalopathy (e.g. coma, decreased level of consciousness, prolonged seizures) within 7 days of administration of a previous pertussis antigen-containing vaccine.
    7.Clinical conditions representing a contraindication to intramuscular vaccination and blood draws, including bleeding diathesis, or any other condition that may be associated with prolonged bleeding.
    8.Abnormal function of the immune system resulting from:
    a.Clinical conditions.
    b.Systemic administration of corticosteroids (PO/IV/IM) at a dose equivalent to 20 mg of prednisone for more than 14 consecutive days within 90 days prior to informed consent.
    c.Administration of antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents (e.g. TNF α antagonists or anti-B cell antibodies) or radiotherapy within 1 year prior to informed consent.
    9.Receipt of immunoglobulins or any blood products within 180 days prior to informed consent.
    10.Receipt of an investigational or non-registered medicinal product within 30 days prior to informed consent or before completion of the safety follow-up period in another study and who are unwilling to refuse participation in another clinical study at any time during the conduct of this study (note: concomitant participation in an observational study not involving drugs, vaccines, or medical devices, is acceptable).
    11.Study personnel or immediate family members (brother, sister, child, parent), the spouse of study personnel or individuals who are financially or emotionally dependent on study staff.
    12.Receipt of any influenza vaccine within 6 months prior to enrolment in this study or who plan to receive influenza vaccine while participating in the study.
    13.Receipt of any inactivated vaccine 14 days or live-attenuated vaccine 28 days prior to enrolment in this study or who are planning to receive any vaccine within 28 days from study vaccination.
    14.Fever at the time of screening, defined as oral temperature ≥38.0 degrees Celsius (≥ 100.4° F). Enrolment could be considered if fever is absent for 72 hours.
    15.Signs or symptoms of acute respiratory tract infection at the time of screening. Enrolment could be deferred if signs and symptoms are absent for 72 hours.
    16.Residence in a chronic care facility (e.g. nursing home).
    17.Participation in this trial in a prior season, if applicable.
    18.Fatal prognosis of an underlying medical condition (<12 months life expectancy).
    19. Any other clinical condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, might interfere with the results of the study or pose additional risk to the subject due to participation in the study.
    E.5 End points
    E.5.1Primary end point(s)
    Primary safety endpoint: Safety objective 2 will be assessed by calculating the percentage of subjects in the solicited safety subset with solicited local and systemic adverse events from Day 1 through Day 7. Solicited local and systemic adverse event data from Day1-7 will be obtained from data collected on subject diary cards. Only subjects randomly selected for participation in the solicited safety subset will be asked to fill out subject diary cards from Day 1-7. Safety objectives 3 and 4 will be assessed based on:
    - Percentage of subjects with medically-attended adverse events within 30 days after of first occurrence RT-PCR confirmed ILI.
    - Percentages of subjects with any unsolicited AEs and concomitant medications reported from Day 1 through Day 22;
    - Percentages of subjects with SAEs, AEs leading to withdrawal from the study, NOCD, AESI reported from Day 1 to Day 366 and all concomitant medications associated with these events.

    Primary efficacy endpoint: the time to first-occurrence of RT-PCR-confirmed influenza from 21 through 180 days after vaccination or end of the influenza season, whichever is longer.
    E.5.1.1Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point
    Safety endpoint:
    1. Day 1 through Day 7
    2. Within 30 days after of first occurrence RT-PCR confirmed ILI.
    3. Day 1 through Day 22
    4. Day 1 to Day 366

    Primary efficacy endpoint: from 21 through 180 days after vaccination or end of influenza season, whichever is longer.
    E.5.2Secondary end point(s)
    Secondary efficacy endpoint:
    Vaccine efficacy will be determined based on either:
    -Antigenically matched strains of influenza virus (Secondary Efficacy Objective 1).
    -Influenza strains regardless of antigenic match (Secondary Efficacy Objective 2 and 4)
    -Antigenically unmatched strains of influenza (Secondary Efficacy Objective 3).

    Secondary immunogenicity endpoints:
    The measures of immunogenicity used for Objective 5 as determined by the HI assay against homologous strains at Days 1 and 22 (unless indicated otherwise), include the following:
    1.Geometric mean HI titers (GMT);
    2.GMT ratios (GMRs) at Day 22/Day 1;
    3.Percentages of subjects with an HI titer ≥1:40;
    4.Percentages of subjects achieving seroconversion (defined as: HI ≥1:40 for subjects sero-negative at baseline [HI titer <1:10]; or a minimum 4-fold increase in HI titer for subjects sero-positive at baseline [HI titer ≥1:10]) on Day 22;
    5.Reverse cumulative distributions of HI titers at Day 22.
    E.5.2.1Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point
    Immunogenicity endpoints:Days 1 and 22 (unless indicated otherwise)
    E.6 and E.7 Scope of the trial
    E.6Scope of the trial
    E.6.1Diagnosis No
    E.6.2Prophylaxis Yes
    E.6.3Therapy No
    E.6.4Safety Yes
    E.6.5Efficacy Yes
    E.6.6Pharmacokinetic No
    E.6.7Pharmacodynamic No
    E.6.8Bioequivalence No
    E.6.9Dose response No
    E.6.10Pharmacogenetic No
    E.6.11Pharmacogenomic No
    E.6.12Pharmacoeconomic No
    E.6.13Others Yes
    E.6.13.1Other scope of the trial description
    Immunogenicity
    E.7Trial type and phase
    E.7.1Human pharmacology (Phase I) No
    E.7.1.1First administration to humans No
    E.7.1.2Bioequivalence study No
    E.7.1.3Other No
    E.7.1.3.1Other trial type description
    E.7.2Therapeutic exploratory (Phase II) No
    E.7.3Therapeutic confirmatory (Phase III) Yes
    E.7.4Therapeutic use (Phase IV) No
    E.8 Design of the trial
    E.8.1Controlled Yes
    E.8.1.1Randomised Yes
    E.8.1.2Open No
    E.8.1.3Single blind No
    E.8.1.4Double blind No
    E.8.1.5Parallel group No
    E.8.1.6Cross over No
    E.8.1.7Other Yes
    E.8.1.7.1Other trial design description
    Observer-blind
    E.8.2 Comparator of controlled trial
    E.8.2.1Other medicinal product(s) No
    E.8.2.2Placebo No
    E.8.2.3Other Yes
    E.8.2.3.1Comparator description
    Non-flu comparator
    E.8.2.4Number of treatment arms in the trial2
    E.8.3 The trial involves single site in the Member State concerned No
    E.8.4 The trial involves multiple sites in the Member State concerned Yes
    E.8.4.1Number of sites anticipated in Member State concerned11
    E.8.5The trial involves multiple Member States Yes
    E.8.5.1Number of sites anticipated in the EEA64
    E.8.6 Trial involving sites outside the EEA
    E.8.6.1Trial being conducted both within and outside the EEA Yes
    E.8.6.2Trial being conducted completely outside of the EEA No
    E.8.6.3If E.8.6.1 or E.8.6.2 are Yes, specify the regions in which trial sites are planned
    Colombia
    Malaysia
    Philippines
    Thailand
    Austria
    Estonia
    Finland
    Latvia
    Lithuania
    Poland
    Bulgaria
    Romania
    Czechia
    Turkey
    E.8.7Trial has a data monitoring committee Yes
    E.8.8 Definition of the end of the trial and justification where it is not the last visit of the last subject undergoing the trial
    End of study is defined as the completion of the testing of biological samples, to be achieved no later than 8 months after collection of the last biological sample visit 7 (Day 366)
    E.8.9 Initial estimate of the duration of the trial
    E.8.9.1In the Member State concerned years2
    E.8.9.1In the Member State concerned months3
    E.8.9.1In the Member State concerned days
    E.8.9.2In all countries concerned by the trial years3
    E.8.9.2In all countries concerned by the trial months6
    F. Population of Trial Subjects
    F.1 Age Range
    F.1.1Trial has subjects under 18 No
    F.1.1.1In Utero No
    F.1.1.2Preterm newborn infants (up to gestational age < 37 weeks) No
    F.1.1.3Newborns (0-27 days) No
    F.1.1.4Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months) No
    F.1.1.5Children (2-11years) No
    F.1.1.6Adolescents (12-17 years) No
    F.1.2Adults (18-64 years) No
    F.1.3Elderly (>=65 years) Yes
    F.1.3.1Number of subjects for this age range: 10692
    F.2 Gender
    F.2.1Female Yes
    F.2.2Male Yes
    F.3 Group of trial subjects
    F.3.1Healthy volunteers Yes
    F.3.2Patients No
    F.3.3Specific vulnerable populations Yes
    F.3.3.1Women of childbearing potential not using contraception No
    F.3.3.2Women of child-bearing potential using contraception No
    F.3.3.3Pregnant women No
    F.3.3.4Nursing women No
    F.3.3.5Emergency situation No
    F.3.3.6Subjects incapable of giving consent personally Yes
    F.3.3.6.1Details of subjects incapable of giving consent
    Protocol, part 4.1:
    to participate in this study (..) individuals who or whose legal guardian have voluntarily given written consent after the nature of the study has been explained according to local regulatory requirements, prior to study entry.
    F.3.3.7Others No
    F.4 Planned number of subjects to be included
    F.4.1In the member state1050
    F.4.2 For a multinational trial
    F.4.2.1In the EEA 7500
    F.4.2.2In the whole clinical trial 10692
    F.5 Plans for treatment or care after the subject has ended the participation in the trial (if it is different from the expected normal treatment of that condition)
    None
    G. Investigator Networks to be involved in the Trial
    N. Review by the Competent Authority or Ethics Committee in the country concerned
    N.Competent Authority Decision Authorised
    N.Date of Competent Authority Decision2016-11-18
    N.Ethics Committee Opinion of the trial applicationFavourable
    N.Ethics Committee Opinion: Reason(s) for unfavourable opinion
    N.Date of Ethics Committee Opinion2016-07-28
    P. End of Trial
    P.End of Trial StatusCompleted
    P.Date of the global end of the trial2018-09-05
    For support, Contact us.
    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

    European Medicines Agency © 1995-Fri May 03 18:32:59 CEST 2024 | Domenico Scarlattilaan 6, 1083 HS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    EMA HMA