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The European Union Clinical Trials Register   allows you to search for protocol and results information on:
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    The EU Clinical Trials Register currently displays   43851   clinical trials with a EudraCT protocol, of which   7283   are clinical trials conducted with subjects less than 18 years old.   The register also displays information on   18700   older paediatric trials (in scope of Article 45 of the Paediatric Regulation (EC) No 1901/2006).

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    Summary
    EudraCT Number:2015-001975-30
    Sponsor's Protocol Code Number:BAY59-7939/17938
    National Competent Authority:Spain - AEMPS
    Clinical Trial Type:EEA CTA
    Trial Status:Prematurely Ended
    Date on which this record was first entered in the EudraCT database:2015-10-30
    Trial results View results
    Index
    A. PROTOCOL INFORMATION
    B. SPONSOR INFORMATION
    C. APPLICANT IDENTIFICATION
    D. IMP IDENTIFICATION
    D.8 INFORMATION ON PLACEBO
    E. GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE TRIAL
    F. POPULATION OF TRIAL SUBJECTS
    G. INVESTIGATOR NETWORKS TO BE INVOLVED IN THE TRIAL
    N. REVIEW BY THE COMPETENT AUTHORITY OR ETHICS COMMITTEE IN THE COUNTRY CONCERNED
    P. END OF TRIAL
    Expand All   Collapse All
    A. Protocol Information
    A.1Member State ConcernedSpain - AEMPS
    A.2EudraCT number2015-001975-30
    A.3Full title of the trial
    Global multicenter, open-label, randomized, event-driven, active-controlled study comparing a rivAroxaban-based antithrombotic strategy to an antipLatelet-based strategy after transcatheter aortIc vaLve rEplacement (TAVR) to Optimize clinical outcomes
    Estudio multicéntrico, de ámbito Global, abierto, aleatorizado, con control activo, dirigido por eventos, que para optimizar los resultados clínicos pretende comparar el tratamiento de rivAroxaban con un tratamiento basado en antiagregantes pLaquetarIos tras el reemplazo por vía transcatétEr de una váLvula aÓrtica.
    A.3.1Title of the trial for lay people, in easily understood, i.e. non-technical, language
    A study to compare rivaroxaban, following successful TAVR, to an antiplatelet drug and determine if it is superior in reducing death or first thromboembolic events (DTE) and non-inferior towards primary bleeding events (PBE).
    Estudio de comparación de rivaroxaban, tras el reemplazo por vía transcatéter de una válvula aórtica, con un medicamento antiplaquetario y determinar si es superior en la reducción de la muerte o eventos tromboembólicos primarios y no inferior en relación a eventos hemorrágicos primarios.
    A.3.2Name or abbreviated title of the trial where available
    GALILEO
    A.4.1Sponsor's protocol code numberBAY59-7939/17938
    A.7Trial is part of a Paediatric Investigation Plan No
    A.8EMA Decision number of Paediatric Investigation Plan
    B. Sponsor Information
    B.Sponsor: 1
    B.1.1Name of SponsorBayer HealthCare AG
    B.1.3.4CountryGermany
    B.3.1 and B.3.2Status of the sponsorCommercial
    B.4 Source(s) of Monetary or Material Support for the clinical trial:
    B.4.1Name of organisation providing supportBayer HealthCare AG
    B.4.2CountryGermany
    B.5 Contact point designated by the sponsor for further information on the trial
    B.5.1Name of organisationBayer HealthCare AG
    B.5.2Functional name of contact pointBayer Clin. Trials Contact CTP Team
    B.5.3 Address:
    B.5.3.1Street AddressBayer Pharma AG, S102, Level 2 Room 156
    B.5.3.2Town/ cityBerlin
    B.5.3.3Post code13342
    B.5.3.4CountryGermany
    B.5.4Telephone number0034.900102372
    B.5.6E-mailclinical-trials-contact@bayerhealthcare.com
    D. IMP Identification
    D.IMP: 1
    D.1.2 and D.1.3IMP RoleTest
    D.2 Status of the IMP to be used in the clinical trial
    D.2.1IMP to be used in the trial has a marketing authorisation Yes
    D.2.1.1.1Trade name XARELTO® 10 mg
    D.2.1.1.2Name of the Marketing Authorisation holderBayer Pharma AG
    D.2.1.2Country which granted the Marketing AuthorisationEuropean Union
    D.2.5The IMP has been designated in this indication as an orphan drug in the Community No
    D.2.5.1Orphan drug designation number
    D.3 Description of the IMP
    D.3.1Product namerivaroxaban
    D.3.2Product code BAY 59-7939; JNJ-39039039
    D.3.4Pharmaceutical form Film-coated tablet
    D.3.4.1Specific paediatric formulation No
    D.3.7Routes of administration for this IMPOral use
    D.3.8 to D.3.10 IMP Identification Details (Active Substances)
    D.3.8INN - Proposed INNRIVAROXABAN
    D.3.9.1CAS number 366789-02-8
    D.3.9.2Current sponsor codeBAY 59-7939
    D.3.9.4EV Substance CodeSUB29263
    D.3.10 Strength
    D.3.10.1Concentration unit mg milligram(s)
    D.3.10.2Concentration typeequal
    D.3.10.3Concentration number10
    D.3.11 The IMP contains an:
    D.3.11.1Active substance of chemical origin Yes
    D.3.11.2Active substance of biological/ biotechnological origin (other than Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    The IMP is a:
    D.3.11.3Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    D.3.11.3.1Somatic cell therapy medicinal product No
    D.3.11.3.2Gene therapy medical product No
    D.3.11.3.3Tissue Engineered Product No
    D.3.11.3.4Combination ATIMP (i.e. one involving a medical device) No
    D.3.11.3.5Committee on Advanced therapies (CAT) has issued a classification for this product No
    D.3.11.4Combination product that includes a device, but does not involve an Advanced Therapy No
    D.3.11.5Radiopharmaceutical medicinal product No
    D.3.11.6Immunological medicinal product (such as vaccine, allergen, immune serum) No
    D.3.11.7Plasma derived medicinal product No
    D.3.11.8Extractive medicinal product No
    D.3.11.9Recombinant medicinal product No
    D.3.11.10Medicinal product containing genetically modified organisms No
    D.3.11.11Herbal medicinal product No
    D.3.11.12Homeopathic medicinal product No
    D.3.11.13Another type of medicinal product No
    D.IMP: 2
    D.1.2 and D.1.3IMP RoleTest
    D.2 Status of the IMP to be used in the clinical trial
    D.2.1IMP to be used in the trial has a marketing authorisation Yes
    D.2.1.1.1Trade name XARELTO® 15 mg
    D.2.1.1.2Name of the Marketing Authorisation holderBayer Pharma AG
    D.2.1.2Country which granted the Marketing AuthorisationEuropean Union
    D.2.5The IMP has been designated in this indication as an orphan drug in the Community No
    D.2.5.1Orphan drug designation number
    D.3 Description of the IMP
    D.3.1Product namerivaroxaban
    D.3.2Product code BAY 59-7939; JNJ-39039039
    D.3.4Pharmaceutical form Film-coated tablet
    D.3.4.1Specific paediatric formulation No
    D.3.7Routes of administration for this IMPOral use
    D.3.8 to D.3.10 IMP Identification Details (Active Substances)
    D.3.8INN - Proposed INNRIVAROXABAN
    D.3.9.1CAS number 366789-02-8
    D.3.9.2Current sponsor codeBAY 59-7939
    D.3.9.4EV Substance CodeSUB29263
    D.3.10 Strength
    D.3.10.1Concentration unit mg milligram(s)
    D.3.10.2Concentration typeequal
    D.3.10.3Concentration number15
    D.3.11 The IMP contains an:
    D.3.11.1Active substance of chemical origin Yes
    D.3.11.2Active substance of biological/ biotechnological origin (other than Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    The IMP is a:
    D.3.11.3Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    D.3.11.3.1Somatic cell therapy medicinal product No
    D.3.11.3.2Gene therapy medical product No
    D.3.11.3.3Tissue Engineered Product No
    D.3.11.3.4Combination ATIMP (i.e. one involving a medical device) No
    D.3.11.3.5Committee on Advanced therapies (CAT) has issued a classification for this product No
    D.3.11.4Combination product that includes a device, but does not involve an Advanced Therapy No
    D.3.11.5Radiopharmaceutical medicinal product No
    D.3.11.6Immunological medicinal product (such as vaccine, allergen, immune serum) No
    D.3.11.7Plasma derived medicinal product No
    D.3.11.8Extractive medicinal product No
    D.3.11.9Recombinant medicinal product No
    D.3.11.10Medicinal product containing genetically modified organisms No
    D.3.11.11Herbal medicinal product No
    D.3.11.12Homeopathic medicinal product No
    D.3.11.13Another type of medicinal product No
    D.IMP: 3
    D.1.2 and D.1.3IMP RoleTest
    D.2 Status of the IMP to be used in the clinical trial
    D.2.1IMP to be used in the trial has a marketing authorisation Yes
    D.2.1.1.1Trade name XARELTO® 20 mg
    D.2.1.1.2Name of the Marketing Authorisation holderBayer Pharma AG
    D.2.1.2Country which granted the Marketing AuthorisationEuropean Union
    D.2.5The IMP has been designated in this indication as an orphan drug in the Community No
    D.2.5.1Orphan drug designation number
    D.3 Description of the IMP
    D.3.1Product namerivaroxaban
    D.3.2Product code BAY 59-7939; JNJ-39039039
    D.3.4Pharmaceutical form Film-coated tablet
    D.3.4.1Specific paediatric formulation No
    D.3.7Routes of administration for this IMPOral use
    D.3.8 to D.3.10 IMP Identification Details (Active Substances)
    D.3.8INN - Proposed INNRIVAROXABAN
    D.3.9.1CAS number 366789-02-8
    D.3.9.2Current sponsor codeBAY 59-7939
    D.3.9.4EV Substance CodeSUB29263
    D.3.10 Strength
    D.3.10.1Concentration unit mg milligram(s)
    D.3.10.2Concentration typeequal
    D.3.10.3Concentration number20
    D.3.11 The IMP contains an:
    D.3.11.1Active substance of chemical origin Yes
    D.3.11.2Active substance of biological/ biotechnological origin (other than Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    The IMP is a:
    D.3.11.3Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    D.3.11.3.1Somatic cell therapy medicinal product No
    D.3.11.3.2Gene therapy medical product No
    D.3.11.3.3Tissue Engineered Product No
    D.3.11.3.4Combination ATIMP (i.e. one involving a medical device) No
    D.3.11.3.5Committee on Advanced therapies (CAT) has issued a classification for this product No
    D.3.11.4Combination product that includes a device, but does not involve an Advanced Therapy No
    D.3.11.5Radiopharmaceutical medicinal product No
    D.3.11.6Immunological medicinal product (such as vaccine, allergen, immune serum) No
    D.3.11.7Plasma derived medicinal product No
    D.3.11.8Extractive medicinal product No
    D.3.11.9Recombinant medicinal product No
    D.3.11.10Medicinal product containing genetically modified organisms No
    D.3.11.11Herbal medicinal product No
    D.3.11.12Homeopathic medicinal product No
    D.3.11.13Another type of medicinal product No
    D.IMP: 4
    D.1.2 and D.1.3IMP RoleComparator
    D.2 Status of the IMP to be used in the clinical trial
    D.2.1IMP to be used in the trial has a marketing authorisation Yes
    D.2.5The IMP has been designated in this indication as an orphan drug in the Community No
    D.2.5.1Orphan drug designation number
    D.3 Description of the IMP
    D.3.4Pharmaceutical form Tablet
    D.3.4.1Specific paediatric formulation No
    D.3.7Routes of administration for this IMPOral use
    D.3.8 to D.3.10 IMP Identification Details (Active Substances)
    D.3.8INN - Proposed INNacetylsalycylic acid
    D.3.9.2Current sponsor codeASA
    D.3.9.3Other descriptive nameACETYLSALICYLIC ACID
    D.3.9.4EV Substance CodeSUB12730MIG
    D.3.10 Strength
    D.3.10.1Concentration unit mg milligram(s)
    D.3.10.2Concentration typerange
    D.3.10.3Concentration number75 to 100
    D.3.11 The IMP contains an:
    D.3.11.1Active substance of chemical origin Yes
    D.3.11.2Active substance of biological/ biotechnological origin (other than Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    The IMP is a:
    D.3.11.3Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    D.3.11.3.1Somatic cell therapy medicinal product No
    D.3.11.3.2Gene therapy medical product No
    D.3.11.3.3Tissue Engineered Product No
    D.3.11.3.4Combination ATIMP (i.e. one involving a medical device) No
    D.3.11.3.5Committee on Advanced therapies (CAT) has issued a classification for this product No
    D.3.11.4Combination product that includes a device, but does not involve an Advanced Therapy No
    D.3.11.5Radiopharmaceutical medicinal product No
    D.3.11.6Immunological medicinal product (such as vaccine, allergen, immune serum) No
    D.3.11.7Plasma derived medicinal product No
    D.3.11.8Extractive medicinal product No
    D.3.11.9Recombinant medicinal product No
    D.3.11.10Medicinal product containing genetically modified organisms No
    D.3.11.11Herbal medicinal product No
    D.3.11.12Homeopathic medicinal product No
    D.3.11.13Another type of medicinal product No
    D.IMP: 5
    D.1.2 and D.1.3IMP RoleComparator
    D.2 Status of the IMP to be used in the clinical trial
    D.2.1IMP to be used in the trial has a marketing authorisation Yes
    D.2.5The IMP has been designated in this indication as an orphan drug in the Community No
    D.2.5.1Orphan drug designation number
    D.3 Description of the IMP
    D.3.4Pharmaceutical form Tablet
    D.3.4.1Specific paediatric formulation No
    D.3.7Routes of administration for this IMPOral use
    D.3.8 to D.3.10 IMP Identification Details (Active Substances)
    D.3.8INN - Proposed INNclopidogrel
    D.3.9.3Other descriptive nameCLOPIDOGREL BISULFATE
    D.3.9.4EV Substance CodeSUB12483MIG
    D.3.10 Strength
    D.3.10.1Concentration unit mg milligram(s)
    D.3.10.2Concentration typeequal
    D.3.10.3Concentration number75
    D.3.11 The IMP contains an:
    D.3.11.1Active substance of chemical origin Yes
    D.3.11.2Active substance of biological/ biotechnological origin (other than Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    The IMP is a:
    D.3.11.3Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    D.3.11.3.1Somatic cell therapy medicinal product No
    D.3.11.3.2Gene therapy medical product No
    D.3.11.3.3Tissue Engineered Product No
    D.3.11.3.4Combination ATIMP (i.e. one involving a medical device) No
    D.3.11.3.5Committee on Advanced therapies (CAT) has issued a classification for this product No
    D.3.11.4Combination product that includes a device, but does not involve an Advanced Therapy No
    D.3.11.5Radiopharmaceutical medicinal product No
    D.3.11.6Immunological medicinal product (such as vaccine, allergen, immune serum) No
    D.3.11.7Plasma derived medicinal product No
    D.3.11.8Extractive medicinal product No
    D.3.11.9Recombinant medicinal product No
    D.3.11.10Medicinal product containing genetically modified organisms No
    D.3.11.11Herbal medicinal product No
    D.3.11.12Homeopathic medicinal product No
    D.3.11.13Another type of medicinal product No
    D.IMP: 6
    D.1.2 and D.1.3IMP RoleComparator
    D.2 Status of the IMP to be used in the clinical trial
    D.2.1IMP to be used in the trial has a marketing authorisation Yes
    D.2.5The IMP has been designated in this indication as an orphan drug in the Community No
    D.2.5.1Orphan drug designation number
    D.3 Description of the IMP
    D.3.1Product nameA vitamin K antagonist (VKA) used according to standard of care
    D.3.4Pharmaceutical form Tablet
    D.3.4.1Specific paediatric formulation No
    D.3.7Routes of administration for this IMPOral use
    D.3.11 The IMP contains an:
    D.3.11.1Active substance of chemical origin Yes
    D.3.11.2Active substance of biological/ biotechnological origin (other than Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    The IMP is a:
    D.3.11.3Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    D.3.11.3.1Somatic cell therapy medicinal product No
    D.3.11.3.2Gene therapy medical product No
    D.3.11.3.3Tissue Engineered Product No
    D.3.11.3.4Combination ATIMP (i.e. one involving a medical device) No
    D.3.11.3.5Committee on Advanced therapies (CAT) has issued a classification for this product No
    D.3.11.4Combination product that includes a device, but does not involve an Advanced Therapy No
    D.3.11.5Radiopharmaceutical medicinal product No
    D.3.11.6Immunological medicinal product (such as vaccine, allergen, immune serum) No
    D.3.11.7Plasma derived medicinal product No
    D.3.11.8Extractive medicinal product No
    D.3.11.9Recombinant medicinal product No
    D.3.11.10Medicinal product containing genetically modified organisms No
    D.3.11.11Herbal medicinal product No
    D.3.11.12Homeopathic medicinal product No
    D.3.11.13Another type of medicinal product No
    D.8 Information on Placebo
    E. General Information on the Trial
    E.1 Medical condition or disease under investigation
    E.1.1Medical condition(s) being investigated
    Patients with severe aortic stenosis that require Transcatheter aortic valve replacement are at risk of thrombus formation. Rivaroxaban (oral-anticoagulant) may reduce this risk, without increasing bleeding risk
    Pacientes con estenosis aórtica severa que requieren de reemplazo de válvula aórtica transcatéter corren el riesgo de formación de trombos. Rivaroxaban (anticoagulante oral) puede reducir este riesgo, sin aumentar el riesgo de hemorragia
    E.1.1.1Medical condition in easily understood language
    Narrowing of the aortic valve opening, called aortic stenosis, which is treated with Transcatheter aortic valve replacement, implanted by vascular catheterization in the aortic valve.
    El estrechamiento de la abertura de la valvula aórtica, llamado estenosis aórtica, se trata con reemplazo de válvula aórtica transcatéter, implantado por cateterismo vascular en la válvula aórtica.
    E.1.1.2Therapeutic area Diseases [C] - Cardiovascular Diseases [C14]
    MedDRA Classification
    E.1.2 Medical condition or disease under investigation
    E.1.2Version 18.1
    E.1.2Level PT
    E.1.2Classification code 10002916
    E.1.2Term Aortic valve replacement
    E.1.2System Organ Class 10042613 - Surgical and medical procedures
    E.1.3Condition being studied is a rare disease No
    E.2 Objective of the trial
    E.2.1Main objective of the trial
    To assess whether a rivaroxaban-based anticoagulation strategy, following successful TAVR, compared to an antiplatelet-based strategy, is superior in reducing death or first thromboembolic events (DTE).

    To assess whether a rivaroxaban-based strategy, following TAVR, compared to an antiplatelet-based strategy, is non-inferior towards primary bleeding events (PBE).
    Evaluar si una estrategia anticoagulante basada en el tratamiento con rivaroxaban después de una valvuloplastia aórtica con catéter con resultado satisfactorio, comparada con una estrategia basada en el tratamiento con antiagregantes plaquetarios, es superior en términos de reducción de la tasa de muerte o primer episodio tromboembólico (M-TE).

    Evaluar si una estrategia basada en el tratamiento con rivaroxaban después de una valvuloplastia aórtica con catéter, comparada con una estrategia basada en el tratamiento con antiagregantes plaquetarios, es no inferior en términos de hemorragias primarias.
    E.2.2Secondary objectives of the trial
    The secondary efficacy objectives are to compare the effects of the rivaroxaban-based strategy and antiplatelet-based strategy with respect to the net-clinical-benefit, defined as the composite of death or first thromboembolic events and life-threatening, disabling, or major bleeding events classified according to the VARC definitions following the BARC classification.

    Whereas the secondary safety objectives are safety criteria with respect to bleeding (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction [TIMI] major or minor bleeds, international society on thrombosis and haemostasis [ISTH] major bleeding, and BARC 2, 3, or 5 bleeds).
    Los objetivos secundarios de eficacia comparan los efectos de la estrategia basada en rivaroxaban y la estrategia antiagregnte con respecto al beneficio clínico neto, que se define como la combinación de muerte o de eventos tromboembólicos primarios y hemorragias potencialmente mortales, discapacitantes, o graves, clasificadas de acuerdo a las definiciones VARC siguiendo la clasificación BARC.

    Los objetivos de seguridad secundarios son los criterios de seguridad con respecto al sangrado (trombolisis en el infarto de miocardio [TIMI] hemorragias mayores o menores, hemorragia mayor de la sociedad Internacional de Trombosis y Hemostasia y hemorragias BARC 2, 3 o 5).
    E.2.3Trial contains a sub-study No
    E.3Principal inclusion criteria
    Potential subjects must satisfy the following criteria to be enrolled in the study:

    - Man or woman of 18 years of age or older
    - Have a successful TAVR of a native aortic valve stenosis
    - Via iliofemoral or subclavian access
    - With any approved/marketed TAVR device
    - Provide written IC

    Successful TAVR (29) is defined:

    1. Correct positioning of a single prosthetic heart valve into the proper anatomical location.
    2. Intended performance of the prosthetic heart valve - presence of all 3 conditions post-TAVR:
    a. mean aortic valve gradient < 20 mmHg
    b. peak transvalvular velocity < 3.0 m/s
    c. no severe or moderate aortic valve regurgitation
    3. Absence of periprocedural complications, such as:
    a. Any type of stroke
    b. VARC graded life-threatening bleeding
    c. Acute coronary artery obstruction requiring intervention
    d. Major vascular complication requiring intervention (including access-site vascular complications, any new ipsilateral peripheral ischemia, distal embolization from a vascular source, aortic dissection, aortic rupture, ventricular perforation, cardiac tamponade, and annulus rupture)
    e. Unresolved acute valve thrombosis
    f. Any requirement of a repeat procedure
    Los sujetos potenciales deben cumplir los siguientes criterios para ser incluidos en el estudio:
    1. Hombre o mujer de 18 años o más
    2. Valvuloplastia aórtica con catéter con resultado satisfactorio para la estenosis de la válvula aórtica nativa
    3.Mediante acceso iliofemoral o subclavio
    4. Con cualquier dispositivo aprobado/comercializado
    5. Consentimiento informado por escrito (CI)

    TAVI Exitosa (29) se define como:
    1. Correcta colocación de la válvula cardiaca protésica en la localización anatómica correcta.
    2. rendimiento previsto de la válvula cardiaca protésica - presencia de los 3 condiciones post-RVAP:
    a. gradiente medio de la válvula aórtica <20 mmHg
    b. pico de la velocidad transvalvular <3.0 m / s
    c. sin regurgitación valvular aórtica severa o moderada
    3. Ausencia de complicaciones periprocedimiento, tales como:
    a. Cualquier tipo de accidente cerebrovascular
    b. VARC calificó sangrado potencialmente mortal
    c. Obstrucción de la arteria coronaria aguda que requiera
    intervención
    d. Complicación vascular mayor con necesidad de intervención
    (incluidas las complicaciones vasculares de acceso in situ, cualquier nueva isquemia periférica ipsilateral, embolización distal de una fuente vascular, disección aórtica, rotura aórtica, perforación ventricular, taponamiento cardiaco, y la ruptura del anillo)
    e. Trombosis valvular aguda sin resolver
    f. Cualquier exigencia de un procedimiento de repetición
    E.4Principal exclusion criteria
    Subjects are NOT eligible to participate in this trial if they meet ANY of the following exclusion criteria:

    GENERAL
    1. Any atrial fibrillation (AF), at the time of randomization or previous, with an ongoing indication for oral anticoagulant treatment
    2. Any other indication for continued treatment with any oral anticoagulant (OAC)

    BLEEDING RISKS OR SYSTEMIC CONDITIONS
    3. Known bleeding diathesis, such as but not limited to:
    a. active internal bleeding, clinically significant bleeding, bleeding at a non-compressible site, or bleeding diathesis,
    b. platelet count <= 50,000/mm3 at screening
    c. Hemoglobin level < 8.5 g/dL
    d. history of intracranial hemorrhage or subdural hematoma
    e. major surgery, biopsy of a parenchymal organ, or serious trauma within 30 days before randomization
    f. active peptic ulcer or known upper GI bleeding within the last 3 months

    CONCOMITANT AND STUDY MEDICATION
    4. Any indication for dual-antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for more than 3 months after randomization (such as coronary, carotid or peripheral stent implantation)
    5. Known hypersensitivity or contraindication to acetylsalicylic acid, clopidogrel or rivaroxaban or hypersensitivity to contrast media that could not be solved neither by switching to an alternate contrast media nor with pre-treatment with appropriate medication
    6. Routine use of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)
    7. Concomitant therapy with systemic drugs that are strong inhibitors of both CYP 3A4 and P-gp (azole antimycotics such as ketoconazole and itraconazole or HIV protease inhibitors such as ritonavir)
    8. Concomitant therapy with drugs that are strong CYP 3A4 inducers (e.g. carbamazepine, phenytoin, rifampin, St. John's wort)
    9. Concomitant therapy with omeprazole or esomeprazole that cannot be switched to an alternate medication.
    Concomitant conditions
    10. Planned coronary or vascular intervention or major surgery
    11. Clinically overt stroke within the last 3 months
    12. Severe renal impairment (eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2) or on dialysis, or post-TAVR unresolved acute kidney injury with renal dysfunction stage 2 or higher
    13. Moderate and severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class B or C) or any hepatic disease associated with coagulopathy
    14. Active infective endocarditis
    15. Active malignancy (diagnosed within 5 years) except for adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancer or other non-invasive or in situ neoplasm (e.g., cervical cancer in situ that has been successfully treated)

    OTHER EXCLUSION CRITERIA
    16. Dementia or forgetfulness hindering compliance with medication intake or other study procedures
    17. Legally incompetent to provide IC
    18. Previous (30 days before enrolment) or concomitant participation in another clinical study with investigational medicinal product(s).
    19. Previous assignment to treatment during this study
    20. Close affiliation with the investigational site; e.g. a close relative of the investigator, dependent person (e.g. employee or student of the investigational site) or sponsor
    21. Female of childbearing potential
    a. Who are not surgically sterile, or who are sexually active and not willing to use adequate contraceptive measures with a failure rate less than 1% per year (e.g. oral contraceptives, contraceptive injections, intrauterine device, double-barrier method, male partner sterilization) before entry and throughout the study, or
    b. For whom a negative pregnancy test is unavailable before study entry, or
    c. Who are pregnant or breast feeding before study entry.
    Los sujetos no son elegibles para participar en este ensayo si se cumple alguno de los siguientes criterios de exclusión:

    GENERAL
    1. Fibrilación auricular (FA), actual o previa, con indicación de tratamiento anticoagulante oral en curso
    2. Cualquier otra indicación de tratamiento continuo con cualquier anticoagulante oral (AO)

    RIESGO DE SANGRADO O CONDICIONES SISTEMICAS
    3. Diátesis hemorrágica conocida (como pueden ser, pero sin limitarse a:
    a. hemorragia interna activa, hemorragia clínicamente significativa, sangrado en un sitio no compresible, o diátesis hemorrágica,
    b. número de trombocitos <= 50.000/mm3 en el screening,
    c. nivel de hemoglobina < 8,5 g/dL,
    d. antecedentes de hemorragia intracraneal o hematoma subdural
    e. cirugía mayor, biopsia de un órgano parenquimatoso o traumatismo grave dentro de los 30 días antes de la aleatorización
    f. úlcera péptica activa o hemorragia gastrointestinal (GI) conocida, ) durante los últimos 3 meses

    MEDICACIÓN CONCOMITANTE Y DE ESTUDIO
    4. Cualquier indicación de terapia combinada con antiagregantes plaquetarios (DTAP) durante más de 3 meses tras la aleatorización (como la implantación de un stent coronario, carotídeo o periférico)
    5. Hipersensibilidad conocida o contraindicación al ácido acetilsalicílico, clopidogrel o rivaroxaban o hipersensibilidad a medios de contraste que no puedan resolverse ni cambiando a un medio de contraste alternativo ni con pre-tratamiento con
    medicación adecuada
    6. El uso rutinario de fármacos anti-inflamatorios no esteroides orales (AINE)
    7. El tratamiento concomitante con medicamentos sistémicos inhibidores potentes del CYP 3A4 y P-gp (antimicóticos azoles como ketoconazol e itraconazol o inhibidores de la proteasa del VIH como ritonavir)
    8. El tratamiento concomitante con fármacos que son inductores potentes del CYP 3A4 (por ejemplo, carbamazepina, fenitoína, rifampicina, hierba de San Juan)
    9. El tratamiento concomitante con omeprazol o esomeprazol que no se puede cambiar a un medicamento alternativo.

    CONDICIONES CONCOMITANTES
    10. Planificación de intervención coronaria o vascular o cirugía mayor
    11. Evidencia clínica de infarto en los últimos tres meses
    12. Insuficiencia renal aguda (VFGe < 30 mL/min/1,73 m2) o en diálisis, o lesión renal aguda post-TAVI sin resolver con disfunción renal grado 2 o superior
    13. insuficiencia hepática moderada y grave (Child-Pugh clase B o C) o cualquier enfermedad hepática asociada a coagulopatía
    14. endocarditis infecciosa activa
    15. malignidad activa (diagnosticado dentro de los 5 años), excepto para el cáncer de piel no melanoma tratada adecuadamente u otra
    neoplasia in situ o no invasiva (por ejemplo, cáncer de cuello uterino in situ que se ha tratado con éxito)

    OTROS CRITERIOS DE EXCLUSION
    16. demencia u olvido que pueda obstaculizar el cumplimiento de la ingesta de medicamentos u otros procedimientos del estudio
    17. legalmente incompetente para proporcionar el CI
    18. Previa (30 días antes de la inscripción) o la participación simultánea en otro estudio clínico con el medicamento en investigación (s).
    19. Previa asignación a tratamiento durante el estudio
    20. Afiliación cercana con el centro de investigación; por ejemplo un pariente cercano del investigador, persona dependiente (por ejemplo, empleado o estudiante del centro de investigación) o el promotor
    21. Mujer en edad fértil
    a. Que no este esterilizada quirúrgicamente o que sean sexualmente activas y no esten dispuestas a utilizar medidas anticonceptivas adecuadas con una tasa de fracaso de menos de 1% por año (por ejemplo, anticonceptivos orales, inyecciones anticonceptivas, dispositivos intrauterinos, método de doble barrera, la esterilización de la pareja masculina) antes y durante todo el estudio, o
    b. Quienes no tengan disponible una prueba de embarazo negativa antes de entrar en el estudio, o
    c. Quiénes estén embarazadas o en periodo de lactancia antes de entrar en el estudio.
    E.5 End points
    E.5.1Primary end point(s)
    The primary efficacy endpoint is death or first adjudicated thromboembolic event (DTE), defined as the adjudicated composite of:

    - All-cause death
    - Any stroke
    - Myocardial infarction (MI)
    - Symptomatic valve thrombosis
    - Pulmonary embolism (PE)
    - Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
    - Non-central nervous system (CNS) systemic embolism

    The primary safety endpoint is primary bleeding event (PBE), defined according to VARC definitions following the BARC classification as the adjudicated composite of:

    - life-threatening bleed
    - disabling bleed
    - major bleed

    The endpoint definitions and the definitions of terms are located in Sections 16.1 and 16.2 of the protocol, respectively.
    El criterio principal de valoración de eficacia es muerte o primer episodio tromboembólico (M-TE), definido como una combinación de:
    - muerte por cualquier causa
    - accidente cerebrovascular
    - infarto de miocardio (IM)
    - trombosis valvular sintomática
    - embolia pulmonar (EP)
    - trombosis venosa profunda (TVP)
    - embolia sistémica que no afecte al SNC.

    El Criterio principal de valoración de seguridad es episodio hemorrágico primario, clasificado según las definiciones del consorcio para la investigación académica de las válvulas (VARC) y siguiendo la clasificación del consorcio de investigación académica sobre hemorragias (BARC), como una combinación de:
    - hemorragias potencialmente mortales
    - hemorragias incapacitantes
    - hemorragias mayores

    Las definiciones de los criterios de valoración y las definiciones de los términos se encuentran en las secciones 16.1 y 16.2 del Protocolo, respectivamente.
    E.5.1.1Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point
    Subjects are treated and followed from randomization until the study ends, i.e. when the predefined number of primary efficacy endpoints is reached and study closure activities are completed. Therefore, the duration of the treatment period for a given subject will depend on the time required to collect these events. The expected duration of the study is 750 days, but depending upon the rate of subject recruitment and endpoint event rates it may be adapted. Regular assessments are planned to take place during the study.
    Los sujetos son tratados y seguidos desde la aleatorización hasta que el estudio termina, es decir, cuando se alcanza el número predefinido de variables de eficacia primaria y las actividades de cierre del estudio se han completado. Por lo tanto, la duración del período de tratamiento para un sujeto dado dependerá del tiempo
    requerido para recoger estos eventos. La duración prevista del estudio es de 750 días, pero dependiendo de la tasa de reclutamiento de sujetos y las tasas de eventos de valoración, se puede adaptar. Se han planificado evaluaciones periódicas que se llevarán a cabo durante el estudio.
    E.5.2Secondary end point(s)
    The secondary endpoints include:

    - The adjudicated composite of cardiovascular death, any stroke, myocardial infarction, symptomatic valve thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, or non-CNS systemic embolism
    - The net-clinical-benefit defined as the adjudicated composite of all-cause death, any stroke, myocardial infarction, symptomatic valve thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, non-CNS systemic embolism (efficacy); life-threatening, disabling andmajor bleeds (safety).

    The secondary safety endpoints are bleeding complications according to:

    - The composite of TIMI major or minor bleeds
    - ISTH major bleeding
    - The composite of BARC 2, 3, or 5 bleeding
    Los criterios de valoración secundarios incluyen:
    - La combinación de muerte cardiovascular, cualquier accidente cerebrovascular, infarto de miocardio, trombosis valvular sintomática, embolia pulmonar, trombosis venosa profunda, o embolia sistémica no relacionada con el SNC
    - El beneficio clínico neto definido como la combinación de todas las causas de muerte, cualquier accidente cerebrovascular, infarto de miocardio, trombosis valvular sintomática, embolia pulmonar, trombosis venosa profunda, embolia sistémica no relacionada con el SNC (eficacia); sangrados que pongan en riesgo la vida, incapacitantes o mayores (seguridad).

    Los criterios de valoración secundarios de seguridad son complicaciones del sangrando en función de:

    - La combinación de hemorragias TIMI mayores o menores
    - sangrado mayor ISTH
    - La combinación de sangrado BARC 2, 3 o 5
    E.5.2.1Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point
    The secondary endpoints will be evaluated throughout the study, since it is an event driven study and follows intention to treat analysis.
    Los criterios de valoración secundarios serán evaluados durante el estudio, ya que es un estudio conducido por eventos y sigue un análisis por intención de trata.
    E.6 and E.7 Scope of the trial
    E.6Scope of the trial
    E.6.1Diagnosis No
    E.6.2Prophylaxis No
    E.6.3Therapy No
    E.6.4Safety Yes
    E.6.5Efficacy Yes
    E.6.6Pharmacokinetic No
    E.6.7Pharmacodynamic No
    E.6.8Bioequivalence No
    E.6.9Dose response No
    E.6.10Pharmacogenetic No
    E.6.11Pharmacogenomic No
    E.6.12Pharmacoeconomic No
    E.6.13Others No
    E.7Trial type and phase
    E.7.1Human pharmacology (Phase I) No
    E.7.1.1First administration to humans No
    E.7.1.2Bioequivalence study No
    E.7.1.3Other No
    E.7.1.3.1Other trial type description
    E.7.2Therapeutic exploratory (Phase II) No
    E.7.3Therapeutic confirmatory (Phase III) Yes
    E.7.4Therapeutic use (Phase IV) No
    E.8 Design of the trial
    E.8.1Controlled Yes
    E.8.1.1Randomised Yes
    E.8.1.2Open Yes
    E.8.1.3Single blind No
    E.8.1.4Double blind No
    E.8.1.5Parallel group Yes
    E.8.1.6Cross over No
    E.8.1.7Other Yes
    E.8.1.7.1Other trial design description
    Dirigido por eventos
    Event-Driven
    E.8.2 Comparator of controlled trial
    E.8.2.1Other medicinal product(s) Yes
    E.8.2.2Placebo No
    E.8.2.3Other Yes
    E.8.2.3.1Comparator description
    Clopidogrel hydrogeno sulfato (clopidrogel) y acido acetil salicilico (AAS)
    Clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate (clopidogrel) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)
    E.8.2.4Number of treatment arms in the trial2
    E.8.3 The trial involves single site in the Member State concerned No
    E.8.4 The trial involves multiple sites in the Member State concerned Yes
    E.8.4.1Number of sites anticipated in Member State concerned5
    E.8.5The trial involves multiple Member States Yes
    E.8.5.1Number of sites anticipated in the EEA66
    E.8.6 Trial involving sites outside the EEA
    E.8.6.1Trial being conducted both within and outside the EEA Yes
    E.8.6.2Trial being conducted completely outside of the EEA No
    E.8.6.3If E.8.6.1 or E.8.6.2 are Yes, specify the regions in which trial sites are planned
    Austria
    Belgium
    Canada
    Czech Republic
    Denmark
    France
    Germany
    Italy
    Netherlands
    Norway
    Poland
    Spain
    Sweden
    Switzerland
    United Kingdom
    United States
    E.8.7Trial has a data monitoring committee Yes
    E.8.8 Definition of the end of the trial and justification where it is not the last visit of the last subject undergoing the trial
    LVLS
    UVUP
    E.8.9 Initial estimate of the duration of the trial
    E.8.9.1In the Member State concerned years2
    E.8.9.1In the Member State concerned months1
    E.8.9.1In the Member State concerned days0
    E.8.9.2In all countries concerned by the trial years2
    E.8.9.2In all countries concerned by the trial months1
    E.8.9.2In all countries concerned by the trial days0
    F. Population of Trial Subjects
    F.1 Age Range
    F.1.1Trial has subjects under 18 No
    F.1.1.1In Utero No
    F.1.1.2Preterm newborn infants (up to gestational age < 37 weeks) No
    F.1.1.3Newborns (0-27 days) No
    F.1.1.4Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months) No
    F.1.1.5Children (2-11years) No
    F.1.1.6Adolescents (12-17 years) No
    F.1.2Adults (18-64 years) Yes
    F.1.2.1Number of subjects for this age range: 152
    F.1.3Elderly (>=65 years) Yes
    F.1.3.1Number of subjects for this age range: 1368
    F.2 Gender
    F.2.1Female Yes
    F.2.2Male Yes
    F.3 Group of trial subjects
    F.3.1Healthy volunteers No
    F.3.2Patients Yes
    F.3.3Specific vulnerable populations No
    F.3.3.1Women of childbearing potential not using contraception No
    F.3.3.2Women of child-bearing potential using contraception No
    F.3.3.3Pregnant women No
    F.3.3.4Nursing women No
    F.3.3.5Emergency situation No
    F.3.3.6Subjects incapable of giving consent personally No
    F.3.3.7Others No
    F.4 Planned number of subjects to be included
    F.4.1In the member state100
    F.4.2 For a multinational trial
    F.4.2.1In the EEA 1200
    F.4.2.2In the whole clinical trial 1520
    F.5 Plans for treatment or care after the subject has ended the participation in the trial (if it is different from the expected normal treatment of that condition)
    After the anticipated efficacy cut-off date is set an an on-site visit is completed, there will be an observation period to follow subjects in the transition from study treatment strategies to an appropriate therapy, as per the clinical site standard of care. This post-study therapy should also be recorded in the eCRF.
    Después de que se establezca la fecha límite del corte de eficacia y se realice una visita presencial, habrá un período de observación para seguir a los sujetos en la transición de las estrategias de tratamiento del estudio a un tratamiento adecuado, según la práctica clínica habitual del centro. Esta terapia post-estudio también debe ser registrada en el eCRF.
    G. Investigator Networks to be involved in the Trial
    N. Review by the Competent Authority or Ethics Committee in the country concerned
    N.Competent Authority Decision Authorised
    N.Date of Competent Authority Decision2015-12-17
    N.Ethics Committee Opinion of the trial applicationFavourable
    N.Ethics Committee Opinion: Reason(s) for unfavourable opinion
    N.Date of Ethics Committee Opinion2015-12-03
    P. End of Trial
    P.End of Trial StatusPrematurely Ended
    P.Date of the global end of the trial2018-11-27
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