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    Clinical Trial Results:
    PHASE II RANDOMISEE EVALUANT L’EFFICACITE ET LA TOLERANCE DE 2 STRATEGIES THERAPEUTIQUES COMBINANT LE BEVACIZUMAB A LA CHIMIOTHERAPIE: DESESCALADE VERSUS ESCALADE CHEZ DES PATIENTS AYANT UN CANCER COLORECTAL METASTATIQUE NON RESECABLE ET NON PRE-TRAITE

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2016-001225-13
    Trial protocol
    FR  
    Global end of trial date
    12 Oct 2020

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    06 Jul 2025
    First version publication date
    06 Jul 2025
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    PRODIGE45
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT02842580
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive
    Sponsor organisation address
    7 bd Jeanne d'Arc, Dijon, France, 21000
    Public contact
    Clinical Project Manager, Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive, +33 380393483, lila.gaba@u-bourgogne.fr
    Scientific contact
    Head of biostatistics, Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive, +33 380668013, karine.le-malicot@u-bourgogne.fr
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    09 Dec 2020
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    12 Oct 2020
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    12 Oct 2020
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    Yes
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    The primary objective was to evaluate the failure rate of the strategy 16 months after randomization. Failure of the strategy was defined as: Progression (defined in each arm)* using RECIST v1.1 criteria or Death (all causes) or Toxicity leading to permanent discontinuation of one of the chemotherapy drugs (oxaliplatin and irinotecan) or Patient refusal to continue the strategy or Investigator's decision to discontinue the strategy.
    Protection of trial subjects
    This trial was conducted in accordance with the New European Directive 2001/20/EC. The investigator undertook to obtain the patient's consent for the clinical and biological studies in writing, after providing adequate information.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    15 Sep 2016
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    France: 21
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    21
    EEA total number of subjects
    21
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    9
    From 65 to 84 years
    11
    85 years and over
    1

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Between 15 Septembre 2016 and 10 April 2018, 21 patients were randomized by 9 french centers

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    After checking the inclusion and non-inclusion criteria, patients were randomized to the protocol. Main eligible criteria were histologically proven, non resectable mCRC, BRAF non mutated patients, WHO-OMS less of equal to 2, at least one measurable lesion according to RECIST 1.1 and able to receive the treatments

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Baseline (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Arm A: escalation strategy
    Arm description
    Patients started the strategy with a first chemotherapy regimen consisting of LV5FU2 (or capecitabine) + bevacizumab. After progression, they received a second chemotherapy regimen consisting of FOLFIRI + bevacizumab. After progression, they received a third chemotherapy regimen consisting of FOLFOX4 + bevacizumab. When progression occured during the third chemotherapy or if the third chemotherapy was not administered, patients was treated according to the investigator's choice. The duration of a chemotherapy cycle was 14 days or 21 days if the patient received capecitabine instead of LV5FU.
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    LV5FU2
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for injection/infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    5FU bolus was administrated at 400 mg/m² (at D1). 5FU continu was administrated in IV at the dosage of 2400 mg/m² over 46 hour (D1 and D2).

    Investigational medicinal product name
    bevacizumab
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for injection/infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Bevacizumab was administered intravenously before chemotherapy at a dose of 5 mg/kg over 90 minutes in cycle 1, then, if well tolerated, over 60 minutes in cycle 2 and over 30 minutes in subsequent cycles.

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Irinotecan
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for injection/infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Irinotecan was administered intravenously at a dose of 180 mg/m² over 90 minutes.

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Oxaliplatin
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for injection/infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Oxaliplatin was administered intravenously at a dose of 85 mg/m² over 120 minutes.

    Arm title
    Arm B: de-escalation strategy
    Arm description
    Patients received 4 cycles of modified FOLFOXIRI + bevacizumab, followed by 4 cycles of FOLFIRI + bevacizumab, then maintenance treatment with capecitabine/LV5FU2 and bevacizumab until progression. After progression during maintenance treatment, the patient was treated with 4 cycles of modified FOLFOXIRI + bevacizumab, followed by 4 cycles of FOLFIRI + bevacizumab, followed by maintenance treatment with capecitabine and bevacizumab until progression, etc. The duration of a chemotherapy cycle was 14 days for maintenance cycles with LV5FU2 and 21 days for maintenance cycles with capecitabine. If progression occured during treatment with modified FOLFOXIRI + bevacizumab or FOLFIRI + bevacizumab, patients were considered to have failed the strategy and was treated according to the investigator's choice.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    LV5FU2
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    5FU bolus was administrated at 400 mg/m² (at D1). 5FU continu was administrated in IV at the dosage of 2400 mg/m² over 46 hour (D1 and D2).

    Investigational medicinal product name
    bevacizumab
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for injection/infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Bevacizumab was administered intravenously before chemotherapy at a dose of 5 mg/kg over 90 minutes in cycle 1, then, if well tolerated, over 60 minutes in cycle 2 and over 30 minutes in subsequent cycles.

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Irinotecan
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for injection/infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Irinotecan was administered intravenously at a dose of 180 mg/m² over 90 minutes.

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Oxaliplatin
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for injection/infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Oxaliplatin was administered intravenously at a dose of 85 mg/m² over 120 minutes.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Arm A: escalation strategy Arm B: de-escalation strategy
    Started
    11
    10
    Completed
    11
    10

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Arm A: escalation strategy
    Reporting group description
    Patients started the strategy with a first chemotherapy regimen consisting of LV5FU2 (or capecitabine) + bevacizumab. After progression, they received a second chemotherapy regimen consisting of FOLFIRI + bevacizumab. After progression, they received a third chemotherapy regimen consisting of FOLFOX4 + bevacizumab. When progression occured during the third chemotherapy or if the third chemotherapy was not administered, patients was treated according to the investigator's choice. The duration of a chemotherapy cycle was 14 days or 21 days if the patient received capecitabine instead of LV5FU.

    Reporting group title
    Arm B: de-escalation strategy
    Reporting group description
    Patients received 4 cycles of modified FOLFOXIRI + bevacizumab, followed by 4 cycles of FOLFIRI + bevacizumab, then maintenance treatment with capecitabine/LV5FU2 and bevacizumab until progression. After progression during maintenance treatment, the patient was treated with 4 cycles of modified FOLFOXIRI + bevacizumab, followed by 4 cycles of FOLFIRI + bevacizumab, followed by maintenance treatment with capecitabine and bevacizumab until progression, etc. The duration of a chemotherapy cycle was 14 days for maintenance cycles with LV5FU2 and 21 days for maintenance cycles with capecitabine. If progression occured during treatment with modified FOLFOXIRI + bevacizumab or FOLFIRI + bevacizumab, patients were considered to have failed the strategy and was treated according to the investigator's choice.

    Reporting group values
    Arm A: escalation strategy Arm B: de-escalation strategy Total
    Number of subjects
    11 10 21
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0 0 0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0 0 0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0 0 0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0 0 0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0 0 0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0 0 0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    4 5 9
        From 65-84 years
    7 4 11
        85 years and over
    0 1 1
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    4 2 6
        Male
    7 8 15
    Subject analysis sets

    Subject analysis set title
    ITT set
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    All patients randomizedin the study regardless of inclusion and exclusion criteria and analyzed according to the strategy assigned by randomization.

    Subject analysis sets values
    ITT set
    Number of subjects
    21
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    9
        From 65-84 years
    11
        85 years and over
    1
    Age continuous
    Units:
        
    ( )
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    6
        Male
    15

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Arm A: escalation strategy
    Reporting group description
    Patients started the strategy with a first chemotherapy regimen consisting of LV5FU2 (or capecitabine) + bevacizumab. After progression, they received a second chemotherapy regimen consisting of FOLFIRI + bevacizumab. After progression, they received a third chemotherapy regimen consisting of FOLFOX4 + bevacizumab. When progression occured during the third chemotherapy or if the third chemotherapy was not administered, patients was treated according to the investigator's choice. The duration of a chemotherapy cycle was 14 days or 21 days if the patient received capecitabine instead of LV5FU.

    Reporting group title
    Arm B: de-escalation strategy
    Reporting group description
    Patients received 4 cycles of modified FOLFOXIRI + bevacizumab, followed by 4 cycles of FOLFIRI + bevacizumab, then maintenance treatment with capecitabine/LV5FU2 and bevacizumab until progression. After progression during maintenance treatment, the patient was treated with 4 cycles of modified FOLFOXIRI + bevacizumab, followed by 4 cycles of FOLFIRI + bevacizumab, followed by maintenance treatment with capecitabine and bevacizumab until progression, etc. The duration of a chemotherapy cycle was 14 days for maintenance cycles with LV5FU2 and 21 days for maintenance cycles with capecitabine. If progression occured during treatment with modified FOLFOXIRI + bevacizumab or FOLFIRI + bevacizumab, patients were considered to have failed the strategy and was treated according to the investigator's choice.

    Subject analysis set title
    ITT set
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    All patients randomizedin the study regardless of inclusion and exclusion criteria and analyzed according to the strategy assigned by randomization.

    Primary: Rate of patients with strategy failure at 16 months

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    End point title
    Rate of patients with strategy failure at 16 months [1]
    End point description
    The failure rate of the strategy at 16 months after randomization was calculated based on the investigator's assessment at 16 months (+/- 30 days). Failure of the strategy was defined by: 1/Progression (defined in each arm) using RECIST v1.1 criteria or 2/Death (all causes) or 3/Toxicity leading to permanent discontinuation of one of the chemotherapy products (oxaliplatin and irinotecan) or 4/ Patient refusal to continue the strategy or 5/Investigator's decision to discontinue the strategy.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    16 months after the randomization
    Notes
    [1] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: The study was a non-comparative study and was stopped prematurely at 21 patients. That's why no statistical analyses was done.
    End point values
    Arm A: escalation strategy Arm B: de-escalation strategy ITT set
    Number of subjects analysed
    11
    10
    21
    Units: patients
        No strategy failure
    7
    4
    11
        Strategy failure
    4
    6
    10
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Time until strategy failure

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    End point title
    Time until strategy failure
    End point description
    The time until strategy failure was the time between the randomization date and the date of the strategy failure
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    until the end of the follow-up or the apperance of progression or death
    End point values
    Arm A: escalation strategy Arm B: de-escalation strategy
    Number of subjects analysed
    11
    10
    Units: months
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    13.8 (10.1 to 15.8)
    9.5 (3.9 to 13.6)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Overall survival

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    End point title
    Overall survival
    End point description
    Overall survival considered all deaths, and time was calculated from randomisation to death.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Until the end of the follow-up or death (Whatever the cause)
    End point values
    Arm A: escalation strategy Arm B: de-escalation strategy
    Number of subjects analysed
    11
    10
    Units: patients
        Death
    6
    5
        Alive
    5
    5
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    All AEs (related and unrelated, expected and unexpected) occurring in the course of the study, from the signature of the informed consent form and until 30 days after the last dose of the study drug were reported by the investigator.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    NCI-CTC
    Dictionary version
    4.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Arm A: escalation strategy
    Reporting group description
    Patients started the strategy with a first chemotherapy regimen consisting of LV5FU2 (or capecitabine) + bevacizumab. After progression, they received a second chemotherapy regimen consisting of FOLFIRI + bevacizumab. After progression, they received a third chemotherapy regimen consisting of FOLFOX4 + bevacizumab. When progression occured during the third chemotherapy or if the third chemotherapy cannot be administered, patients was be treated according to the investigator's choice. The duration of a chemotherapy cycle was14 days or 21 days if the patient received capecitabine.

    Reporting group title
    Arm B: de-escalation strategy
    Reporting group description
    Patients received 4 cycles of modified FOLFOXIRI + bevacizumab, followed by 4 cycles of FOLFIRI + bevacizumab, then maintenance treatment with capecitabine/LV5FU2 and bevacizumab until progression. After progression during maintenance treatment, the patient resumed treatment with 4 cycles of modified FOLFOXIRI + bevacizumab, followed by 4 cycles of FOLFIRI + bevacizumab, followed by maintenance treatment with capecitabine and bevacizumab until progression, etc. The duration of a chemotherapy cycle was 14 days for maintenance cycles with LV5FU2 and 21 days for maintenance cycles with capecitabine. If progression occured during treatment with modified FOLFOXIRI + bevacizumab or FOLFIRI + bevacizumab, patients were considered to have failed the strategy and was treated according to the investigator's choice.

    Serious adverse events
    Arm A: escalation strategy Arm B: de-escalation strategy
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 11 (36.36%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    6
    5
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Fall
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Cardiac arrest
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    General physical health deterioration
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hyperthermia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Pulmonary embolism
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Arm A: escalation strategy Arm B: de-escalation strategy
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 11 (90.91%)
    9 / 10 (90.00%)
    Vascular disorders
    Thromboembolic event
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    2 / 10 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Asthenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 11 (72.73%)
    8 / 10 (80.00%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    8
    Fever
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 11 (27.27%)
    2 / 10 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    2
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Dyspnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Epistaxis
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 11 (36.36%)
    2 / 10 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    2
    Psychiatric disorders
    Anxiety
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 11 (18.18%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Insomnia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Investigations
    ALAT increase
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 11 (36.36%)
    4 / 10 (40.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    4
    Anemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 11 (63.64%)
    8 / 10 (80.00%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    8
    ASAT increase
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 11 (45.45%)
    2 / 10 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    2
    Bilirubin increase
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 11 (18.18%)
    2 / 10 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    2
    Creatinin increase
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 11 (27.27%)
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    1
    GGT increase
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 11 (81.82%)
    6 / 10 (60.00%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    6
    White blood cell decrease
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 11 (27.27%)
    3 / 10 (30.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    3
    PNN decrease
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 11 (45.45%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    0
    Decreased lymphocyte count
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 11 (18.18%)
    2 / 10 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    2
    Thrombopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 11 (36.36%)
    2 / 10 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    2
    Cardiac disorders
    Arterial Hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 11 (18.18%)
    4 / 10 (40.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    4
    Nervous system disorders
    Cephalgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 11 (18.18%)
    2 / 10 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    2
    Dysgeusia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Sensitive peripheral neuropathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 11 (54.55%)
    9 / 10 (90.00%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    9
    Mucositis
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 11 (54.55%)
    5 / 10 (50.00%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    5
    Ear and labyrinth disorders
    Vertigo
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 11 (18.18%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 11 (18.18%)
    3 / 10 (30.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    3
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 11 (72.73%)
    7 / 10 (70.00%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    7
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    3 / 10 (30.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    3
    Dyspepsia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Hemorrhoids
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 11 (18.18%)
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    1
    Gastroesophageal reflux disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 11 (81.82%)
    4 / 10 (40.00%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    4
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 11 (45.45%)
    3 / 10 (30.00%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    3
    PAL increase
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 11 (72.73%)
    6 / 10 (60.00%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    6
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Alopecia
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 11 (36.36%)
    2 / 10 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    2
    Dry skin
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 11 (18.18%)
    3 / 10 (30.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    3
    Palmar erythrodysesthesia syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 11 (27.27%)
    5 / 10 (50.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    5
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Hematuria
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 11 (18.18%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Proteinuria
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 11 (36.36%)
    4 / 10 (40.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    4
    Infections and infestations
    Cutaneous infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 11 (18.18%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Urinary tractus infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Anorexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 11 (36.36%)
    2 / 10 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    2
    Hyperglycemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 11 (18.18%)
    3 / 10 (30.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    3
    Hyperkaliemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 11 (45.45%)
    3 / 10 (30.00%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    3
    Hypoalbuminemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 11 (27.27%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    0
    Hypophosphatemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    2 / 10 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? No

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

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