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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A RANDOMIZED PROSPECTIVE CLINICAL TRIAL TO ASSESS THE ROLE OF PROCALCITONIN-GUIDED ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY TO REDUCE LONG-TERM INFECTIONS SEQUELAE

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2017-002011-33
    Trial protocol
    GR  
    Global end of trial date
    20 Jul 2019

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    31 Dec 2022
    First version publication date
    31 Dec 2022
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    PROGRESS
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT03333304
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis
    Sponsor organisation address
    Michalakopoulou 88 str., Athens, Greece, 11528
    Public contact
    President of the Board, Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, 0030 2107480662, info@sepsis.gr
    Scientific contact
    President of the Board, Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, 0030 2107480662, info@sepsis.gr
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    20 Sep 2019
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    No
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    20 Jul 2019
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    The aim of the study is to demonstrate if using one PCT-guided rule of stop of antimicrobials, the incidence of infections by C.difficile and by MDR bacteria during the next six months may be significantly decreased.
    Protection of trial subjects
    Adverse events and serious adverse events were followed-up for 180 days after enrollment, which was the follow-up period for subjects in the trial. The incidence of adverse events was lower in the PCT-guided treatment group, especially diarrhea and acute kidney injury. The incidence of serious adverse events did not differ between the two groups and none was associated with the clinical trial intervention.
    Background therapy
    Patients randomized in the standard-of-care treatment group receive antimicrobials according to standard practice of the attending physicians and PCT is not measured. Antimicrobials are stopped according to the local standard practice.
    Evidence for comparator
    Patients randomized in the PCT-guided treatment group receive antimicrobials according to standard practice of the attending physicians and PCT is measured on day 1 (day of start of antimicrobials) and then daily starting from day 5 (96 hours from the start of antimicrobials). Antimicrobials are discontinued when PCT value is less than 80% of the initial value or it remains below 0.5 ng/ml.
    Actual start date of recruitment
    25 Oct 2017
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Greece: 256
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    256
    EEA total number of subjects
    256
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    26
    From 65 to 84 years
    133
    85 years and over
    97

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    From November 2017 to January 2019, 266 patients were enrolled and randomized. Ten patients withdrew consent before the fifth day and the right to have their data processed, so the intention-to-treat population consisted of 256 patients. No one was lost during the follow-up

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    Inclusion criteria All enrolled patients met all following inclusion criteria: • Male or female • In case of women, unwillingness to remain pregnant during the study period. • Age more than or equal to 18 years • SOFA score more than or equal to 2 points

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall Trial (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    PCT-guidance
    Arm description
    PCT group: these patients receive antimicrobials according to standard practice of the attending physicians and PCT is measured on day 1 (day of start of antimicrobials) and then daily starting from day 5 (96 hours from the start of antimicrobials). Antimicrobials are discontinued when PCT value is less than 80% of the initial value or it remains below 0.5 ng/ml.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    no IMP
    Investigational medicinal product code
    no IMP
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Not assigned
    Routes of administration
    Unknown use
    Dosage and administration details
    not applicable

    Arm title
    Standard of care
    Arm description
    Standard of care: these patients receive antimicrobials according to standard practice of the attending physicians but PCT is not measured and antimicrobials are stopped according to the local standard practice.
    Arm type
    No intervention

    Investigational medicinal product name
    No investigational medicinal product assigned in this arm
    Number of subjects in period 1
    PCT-guidance Standard of care
    Started
    125
    131
    Completed
    125
    131

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    PCT-guidance
    Reporting group description
    PCT group: these patients receive antimicrobials according to standard practice of the attending physicians and PCT is measured on day 1 (day of start of antimicrobials) and then daily starting from day 5 (96 hours from the start of antimicrobials). Antimicrobials are discontinued when PCT value is less than 80% of the initial value or it remains below 0.5 ng/ml.

    Reporting group title
    Standard of care
    Reporting group description
    Standard of care: these patients receive antimicrobials according to standard practice of the attending physicians but PCT is not measured and antimicrobials are stopped according to the local standard practice.

    Reporting group values
    PCT-guidance Standard of care Total
    Number of subjects
    125 131 256
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Adults (18-64 years)
    11 15 26
        From 65-84 years
    69 64 133
        85 years and over
    45 52 97
    Age continuous
    Mean age (SD) was 78.0 (13.1) in SOC group and 79.6 (9.8) in PCT group (for the 256 patients included in ITT analysis)
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    79.6 ± 9.8 78 ± 13 -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    73 69 142
        Male
    52 62 114

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    PCT-guidance
    Reporting group description
    PCT group: these patients receive antimicrobials according to standard practice of the attending physicians and PCT is measured on day 1 (day of start of antimicrobials) and then daily starting from day 5 (96 hours from the start of antimicrobials). Antimicrobials are discontinued when PCT value is less than 80% of the initial value or it remains below 0.5 ng/ml.

    Reporting group title
    Standard of care
    Reporting group description
    Standard of care: these patients receive antimicrobials according to standard practice of the attending physicians but PCT is not measured and antimicrobials are stopped according to the local standard practice.

    Primary: Infection-associated adverse events rate for patients treated by the PCT-guided stopping rule compared to patients treated by standard of care

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    End point title
    Infection-associated adverse events rate for patients treated by the PCT-guided stopping rule compared to patients treated by standard of care
    End point description
    The rate of infection-associated adverse events until day 180 is the primary outcome. This is an endpoint composed by any of the following: new case of Clostridioides difficile infection; new case of infection by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO); and death associated with either MDRO or Clostridioides difficile baseline infection
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    180 days
    End point values
    PCT-guidance Standard of care
    Number of subjects analysed
    125
    131
    Units: events
    9
    20
    Statistical analysis title
    primary endpoint analysis
    Comparison groups
    Standard of care v PCT-guidance
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    256
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.045
    Method
    Regression, Cox
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.45
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.2
         upper limit
    0.98

    Secondary: 28-day mortality

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    End point title
    28-day mortality
    End point description
    all-cause mortality
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    28 days
    End point values
    PCT-guidance Standard of care
    Number of subjects analysed
    125
    131
    Units: deaths
    19
    37
    Statistical analysis title
    Secondary endpoint analysis
    Comparison groups
    PCT-guidance v Standard of care
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    256
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.02
    Method
    Regression, Cox
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.51
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.29
         upper limit
    0.89

    Secondary: 180 day mortality

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    End point title
    180 day mortality
    End point description
    all cause mortality
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    180 days
    End point values
    PCT-guidance Standard of care
    Number of subjects analysed
    125
    131
    Units: deaths
    38
    50
    Statistical analysis title
    Secondary endpoint analysis
    Comparison groups
    PCT-guidance v Standard of care
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    256
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.24
    Method
    Regression, Cox
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.71
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.42
         upper limit
    1.19

    Secondary: Rate of new infections by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO)

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    End point title
    Rate of new infections by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO)
    End point description
    New infections by multidrug-resistant organisms
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    180 days
    End point values
    PCT-guidance Standard of care
    Number of subjects analysed
    125
    131
    Units: patients
    5
    8
    Statistical analysis title
    Secondary endpoint analysis
    Comparison groups
    PCT-guidance v Standard of care
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    256
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.57
    Method
    Regression, Cox
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.64
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.2
         upper limit
    2.01

    Secondary: Rate of new infection by Clostridioides difficile (CDI)

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    End point title
    Rate of new infection by Clostridioides difficile (CDI)
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    180 days
    End point values
    PCT-guidance Standard of care
    Number of subjects analysed
    125
    131
    Units: patients
    6
    12
    Statistical analysis title
    Secondary endpoint analysis
    Comparison groups
    PCT-guidance v Standard of care
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    256
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.22
    Method
    Regression, Cox
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.5
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.18
         upper limit
    1.38

    Secondary: Length of antimicrobial therapy

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    End point title
    Length of antimicrobial therapy
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    180 days
    End point values
    PCT-guidance Standard of care
    Number of subjects analysed
    125
    131
    Units: days
    5
    10
    Statistical analysis title
    Secondary endpoint analysis
    Comparison groups
    PCT-guidance v Standard of care
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    256
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.001
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval

    Secondary: Gut colonization rate by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO)

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    End point title
    Gut colonization rate by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO)
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    180 days
    End point values
    PCT-guidance Standard of care
    Number of subjects analysed
    125
    131
    Units: patients
    15
    13
    Statistical analysis title
    Secondary endpoint analysis
    Comparison groups
    PCT-guidance v Standard of care
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    256
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.69
    Method
    Regression, Cox
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    1.22
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.55
         upper limit
    2.7

    Secondary: Gut colonization rate by Clostridioides difficile

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    End point title
    Gut colonization rate by Clostridioides difficile
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    180 days
    End point values
    PCT-guidance Standard of care
    Number of subjects analysed
    125
    131
    Units: patients
    14
    13
    Statistical analysis title
    Secondary endpoint analysis
    Comparison groups
    PCT-guidance v Standard of care
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    256
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.84
    Method
    Regression, Cox
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    1.15
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.52
         upper limit
    2.54

    Secondary: Cost of hospitalization

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    End point title
    Cost of hospitalization
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Length of hospitalization
    End point values
    PCT-guidance Standard of care
    Number of subjects analysed
    125
    131
    Units: euros
    957
    1183
    Statistical analysis title
    Secondary endpoint analysis
    Comparison groups
    Standard of care v PCT-guidance
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    256
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.049
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    180 days
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    Adverse events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) will be collected from baseline until the last patient’s evaluation. while patients were hospitalized, these events were collected from medical records. WHa discharged, by phone calls to patients.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    CTCAE
    Dictionary version
    5
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    PCT group
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group title
    SOC group
    Reporting group description
    -

    Serious adverse events
    PCT group SOC group
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    68 / 125 (54.40%)
    71 / 131 (54.20%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    38
    50
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    38
    50
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Cerebral metastases
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    0 / 131 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Vascular disorders
    Hematoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    0 / 131 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pulmonary embolism
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Surgical and medical procedures
    Cholecystectomy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Immune system disorders
    Fever
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    0 / 131 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Reproductive system and breast disorders
    Orchiepididymitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 125 (1.60%)
    0 / 131 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Aspiration penumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
    Low respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 125 (3.20%)
    3 / 131 (2.29%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Pleural effusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    0 / 131 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumonectomy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    0 / 131 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Depression
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    0 / 131 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Hip fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    0 / 131 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Aortic aneurysm
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    0 / 131 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac arrest
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac decompensation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Heart failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    0 / 131 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Pericardial effusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Nervous system disorders
    Stroke
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    0 / 131 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Transient ischaemic attack
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    0 / 131 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    2 / 131 (1.53%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Ileus
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Acute kidney injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hematuria
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal abscess
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Spasms
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Infections and infestations
    Clostridium difficile infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 125 (1.60%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Central venous catheter infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Leishmaniasis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Relapse infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Salmonella gastroenteritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    0 / 131 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    36 / 125 (28.80%)
    48 / 131 (36.64%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 36
    0 / 48
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 31
    0 / 43
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 125 (4.80%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 6
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Hypoglycemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hyponatremia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 0.05%
    Non-serious adverse events
    PCT group SOC group
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    64 / 125 (51.20%)
    83 / 131 (63.36%)
    Vascular disorders
    Deep vein thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Pulmonary embolism
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 125 (1.60%)
    0 / 131 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Thrombophlebitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 125 (2.40%)
    2 / 131 (1.53%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    2
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Hypersalivation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Immune system disorders
    Allergy
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 125 (4.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    1
    Autoimmune disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Pleural effusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Rhinorrhagia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Singultus
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Psychiatric disorders
    Delirium
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 125 (1.60%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    1
    Investigations
    Troponin increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Fall
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    2 / 131 (1.53%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    2
    Cardiac disorders
    Atrial fibrillation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    NSTEMI
    Additional description: Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Pericardial effusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    0 / 131 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Nervous system disorders
    Cerebral edema
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    0 / 131 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Spasticity
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    8 / 131 (6.11%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    8
    Bleeding
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Pancytopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Thrombocytopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    3 / 131 (2.29%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    3
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    15 / 125 (12.00%)
    16 / 131 (12.21%)
         occurrences all number
    15
    16
    Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
    Additional description: gastrointestinal bleeding
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    0 / 131 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    2 / 131 (1.53%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Diarrhea
         subjects affected / exposed
    24 / 125 (19.20%)
    48 / 131 (36.64%)
         occurrences all number
    24
    48
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Elevated aminotransferases
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 125 (1.60%)
    4 / 131 (3.05%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    4
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Decubitus
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    2 / 131 (1.53%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    2
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Hematuria
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Microhematuria
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    0 / 131 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Acute kidney injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 125 (7.20%)
    23 / 131 (17.56%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    23
    Endocrine disorders
    Hyperthyroidism
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    0 / 131 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Arthralgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    0 / 131 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Arthritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 125 (1.60%)
    0 / 131 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Myositis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    0 / 131 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Infections and infestations
    Oral candidiasis
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 125 (3.20%)
    3 / 131 (2.29%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    3
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Hypoalbuminemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 131 (0.76%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Electrolyte disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    16 / 125 (12.80%)
    31 / 131 (23.66%)
         occurrences all number
    16
    31

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    22 Aug 2018
    add of a new site

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    none

    Online references

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32757963
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    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

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