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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Colchicine For The Prevention Of Perioperative Atrial Fibrillation In Patients Undergoing Thoracic Surgery (COP-AF)

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2017-003836-35
    Trial protocol
    ES   BE   IT  
    Global end of trial date
    23 Jun 2023

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    16 Feb 2025
    First version publication date
    16 Feb 2025
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    2017-001-COPAF
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT03310125
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    U1111-1201-2656
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Population Health Research Institute
    Sponsor organisation address
    237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, Canada, L8L 2X2
    Public contact
    COP-AF Project Office, Population Health Research Institute, copaf@phri.ca
    Scientific contact
    Dr. David Conen, Population Health Research Institute, david.conen@phri.ca
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    01 Aug 2023
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    01 Jun 2023
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    23 Jun 2023
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To determine whether the administration of colchicine compared with placebo reduces the occurrence of 1) perioperative atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter (AF), and 2) myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS), both within 14 days of randomization.
    Protection of trial subjects
    A data and safety monitoring committee performed two interim efficacy analyses for the original primary outcome of clinically important perioperative atrial fibrillation, when 50% and 75% of the original 14-day data were available.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    14 Feb 2018
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Spain: 765
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Austria: 110
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Belgium: 24
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Italy: 287
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Canada: 1333
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    China: 196
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Colombia: 54
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Malaysia: 28
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Pakistan: 25
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Switzerland: 32
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United States: 355
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    3209
    EEA total number of subjects
    1186
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    1060
    From 65 to 84 years
    2129
    85 years and over
    20

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Between Feb 14, 2018, and June 27, 2023, we screened 15 368 patients, of whom 7969 were eligible for COP-AF. Of these, 3209 patients provided informed consent and were randomly assigned to receive colchicine (n=1608) or matching placebo (n=1601).

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    Between Feb 14, 2018, and June 27, 2023, we screened 15 368 patients, of whom 7969 were eligible for COP-AF. 3209 patients provided informed consent and were randomly assigned to receive colchicine (n=1608) or matching placebo (n=1601). One patient declined follow-up before the final visit, follow up was more than 99·9% complete.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall Trial (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator, Monitor, Data analyst, Carer, Assessor
    Blinding implementation details
    Eligible patients who provided written informed consent were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to colchicine 0·5 mg twice daily or matching placebo. Patients, health-care providers, data collectors, data managers, and outcome adjudicators were masked to study drug allocation. We used a central, computerised, web-based randomisation system to allocate patients to colchicine or placebo. Randomisation was stratified by centre with variable block sizes unknown to study personnel.

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Active Colchicine
    Arm description
    Oral colchicine 0·5 mg twice daily, starting within 4 h before surgery and continuing for 10 days.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Colchicine
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Oral colchicine 0·5 mg twice daily, starting within 4 h before surgery and continuing for 10 days.

    Arm title
    Active Placebo
    Arm description
    Oral placebo 0·5 mg twice daily, starting within 4 h before surgery and continuing for 10 days.
    Arm type
    Placebo

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Placebo
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Oral placebo 0·5 mg twice daily, starting within 4 h before surgery and continuing for 10 days.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Active Colchicine Active Placebo
    Started
    1608
    1601
    Completed
    1608
    1601

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Active Colchicine
    Reporting group description
    Oral colchicine 0·5 mg twice daily, starting within 4 h before surgery and continuing for 10 days.

    Reporting group title
    Active Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Oral placebo 0·5 mg twice daily, starting within 4 h before surgery and continuing for 10 days.

    Reporting group values
    Active Colchicine Active Placebo Total
    Number of subjects
    1608 1601 3209
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Adults (18-64 years)
    536 524 1060
        From 65-84 years
    1063 1066 2129
        85 years and over
    9 11 20
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    68.3 ( 7.3 ) 68.3 ( 7.1 ) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    777 776 1553
        Male
    831 825 1656
    Medical history: Stroke
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    46 39 85
        No
    1562 1562 3124
    Medical history: Myocardial infarction
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    90 73 163
        No
    1518 1528 3046
    Medical history: Hypertension
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    836 832 1668
        No
    772 769 1541
    Medications taken within 24 h before surgery: Aspirin
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    155 141 296
        No
    1453 1460 2913
    Medications taken within 24 h before surgery: ACE inhibitor or ARB
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    310 305 615
        No
    1298 1296 2594
    Medications taken within 24 h before surgery: Rate-controlling calcium channel blocker
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    28 23 51
        No
    1580 1578 3158
    Type of surgery: Wedge resection
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    314 337 651
        No
    1294 1264 2558
    Type of surgery: Segment resection
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    245 242 487
        No
    1363 1359 2722
    Type of surgery: Lobe resection
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    1029 1013 2042
        No
    579 588 1167
    Type of surgery: Pneumonectomy
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    44 44 88
        No
    1564 1557 3121
    Type of surgery: Decortication
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    60 58 118
        No
    1548 1543 3091
    Type of surgery: Mediastinal mass resection
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    88 91 179
        No
    1520 1510 3030
    Type of surgery: Pericardium resected
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    24 23 47
        No
    1584 1578 3162
    Type of surgery: Other
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    363 358 721
        No
    1245 1243 2488

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Active Colchicine
    Reporting group description
    Oral colchicine 0·5 mg twice daily, starting within 4 h before surgery and continuing for 10 days.

    Reporting group title
    Active Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Oral placebo 0·5 mg twice daily, starting within 4 h before surgery and continuing for 10 days.

    Primary: Coprimary outcomes

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    End point title
    Coprimary outcomes
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    >
    End point values
    Active Colchicine Active Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    1608
    1601
    Units: subjects
        Clinically important perioperative AF
    103
    120
        MI after non-cardiac surgery
    295
    325
    Statistical analysis title
    Co-primary outcome #1
    Statistical analysis description
    Effect of Colchicine versus Placebo on clinically important perioperative atrial fibrillation
    Comparison groups
    Active Placebo v Active Colchicine
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    3209
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.22
    Method
    Regression, Cox
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.85
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.65
         upper limit
    1.1
    Statistical analysis title
    Co-primary outcome #2
    Statistical analysis description
    Effect of Colchicine versus Placebo on Myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery
    Comparison groups
    Active Colchicine v Active Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    3209
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.16
    Method
    Regression, Cox
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.89
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.76
         upper limit
    1.05

    Secondary: Secondary outcomes

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    End point title
    Secondary outcomes
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    >
    End point values
    Active Colchicine Active Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    1608
    1601
    Units: subjects
    1608
    1601
    Statistical analysis title
    Secondary outcome # 1
    Statistical analysis description
    Composite of all-cause death, non-fatal MINS, and non-fatal stroke
    Comparison groups
    Active Colchicine v Active Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    3209
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.11
    Method
    Regression, Cox
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.88
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.75
         upper limit
    1.03
    Statistical analysis title
    Secondary outcome #2
    Statistical analysis description
    Composite of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke
    Comparison groups
    Active Colchicine v Active Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    3209
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.16
    Method
    Regression, Cox
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.67
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.39
         upper limit
    1.17
    Statistical analysis title
    Secondary outcome #3
    Statistical analysis description
    MINS not fulfilling the fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction
    Comparison groups
    Active Colchicine v Active Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    3209
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.22
    Method
    Regression, Cox
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.9
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.76
         upper limit
    1.06
    Statistical analysis title
    Secondary outcome #4
    Statistical analysis description
    Myocardial infarction
    Comparison groups
    Active Colchicine v Active Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    3209
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.69
    Method
    Regression, Cox
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.86
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.41
         upper limit
    1.81
    Statistical analysis title
    Secondary outcome #5
    Statistical analysis description
    Time to chest tube removal, days*
    Comparison groups
    Active Colchicine v Active Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    3209
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.27
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Statistical analysis title
    Secondary outcome #6
    Statistical analysis description
    Days in hospital
    Comparison groups
    Active Colchicine v Active Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    3209
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.48
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Statistical analysis title
    Secondary outcome #7
    Statistical analysis description
    Nights in step-down unit
    Comparison groups
    Active Colchicine v Active Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    3209
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.56
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Statistical analysis title
    Secondary outcome #8
    Statistical analysis description
    Nights in intensive care unit
    Comparison groups
    Active Colchicine v Active Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    3209
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.91
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval

    Other pre-specified: Tertiary outcomes

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    End point title
    Tertiary outcomes
    End point description
    End point type
    Other pre-specified
    End point timeframe
    >
    End point values
    Active Colchicine Active Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    1608
    1601
    Units: subjects
    1608
    1601
    Statistical analysis title
    Tertiary outcome #1
    Statistical analysis description
    All-cause death
    Comparison groups
    Active Colchicine v Active Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    3209
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.35
    Method
    Regression, Cox
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.63
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.25
         upper limit
    1.63
    Statistical analysis title
    Tertiary outcome #2
    Statistical analysis description
    Deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism
    Comparison groups
    Active Colchicine v Active Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    3209
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.058
    Method
    Regression, Cox
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    2.5
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.97
         upper limit
    6.44
    Statistical analysis title
    Tertiary outcome #3
    Statistical analysis description
    Composite of life-threatening or major bleeding
    Comparison groups
    Active Colchicine v Active Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    3209
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.59
    Method
    Regression, Cox
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.9
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.6
         upper limit
    1.33
    Statistical analysis title
    Tertiary outcome #4
    Statistical analysis description
    Days alive and at home
    Comparison groups
    Active Placebo v Active Colchicine
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    3209
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.99
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information [1]
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    Study personnel followed up patients daily until discharge. Daily cardiac troponin levels were obtained during the first 3 postoperative days. The final follow-up visit occurred 14 days after randomisation; no ECG was mandated at the final follow-up visit
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    25.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Active Colchicine
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group title
    Active Placebo
    Reporting group description
    -

    Notes
    [1] - There are no non-serious adverse events recorded for these results. It is expected that there will be at least one non-serious adverse event reported.
    Justification: Per protocol, only serious adverse events were required to be reported.
    Serious adverse events
    Active Colchicine Active Placebo
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    67 / 1608 (4.17%)
    66 / 1601 (4.12%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    7
    11
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    Vascular disorders
    Aortic dissection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 1608 (0.00%)
    1 / 1601 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypotension
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 1608 (0.19%)
    2 / 1601 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Shock
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bleeding
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Surgical and medical procedures
    Thoracotomy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Oedema
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 1608 (0.00%)
    1 / 1601 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Immune system disorders
    Hypersensitivity
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 1608 (0.00%)
    1 / 1601 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Acute respiratory distress syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    1 / 1601 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Acute respiratory failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    3 / 1601 (0.19%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Atelectasis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    1 / 1601 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bronchial obstruction
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 1608 (0.00%)
    1 / 1601 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bronchospasm
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Dyspnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 1608 (0.00%)
    1 / 1601 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Emphysema
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 1608 (0.19%)
    2 / 1601 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypoxia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 1608 (0.12%)
    2 / 1601 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pleural effusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 1608 (0.19%)
    1 / 1601 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumothorax
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 1608 (0.25%)
    6 / 1601 (0.37%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 6
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory distress
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 1608 (0.31%)
    6 / 1601 (0.37%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 5
    0 / 6
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Chylothorax
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 1608 (0.12%)
    3 / 1601 (0.19%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bronchial secretion retention
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    1 / 1601 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pulmonary air leakage
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 1608 (0.56%)
    12 / 1601 (0.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 9
    0 / 12
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Delirium
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    2 / 1601 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hallucination
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 1608 (0.00%)
    1 / 1601 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Investigations
    Liver function test abnormal
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex test negative
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Arterial injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Wound dehiscence
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Procedural pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 1608 (0.00%)
    1 / 1601 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vasoplegia syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Toxicity to various agents
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 1608 (0.00%)
    1 / 1601 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Post procedural hypotension
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    1 / 1601 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Atrioventricular block second degree
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bradycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 1608 (0.00%)
    1 / 1601 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac arrest
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardio-respiratory arrest
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Myopericarditis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 1608 (0.00%)
    1 / 1601 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pericarditis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    2 / 1601 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pleuropericarditis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 1608 (0.00%)
    1 / 1601 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Aphasia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Dysarthria
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 1608 (0.00%)
    1 / 1601 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hemiparesis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Syncope
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 1608 (0.00%)
    1 / 1601 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 1608 (0.12%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastric ulcer
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ileus
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 1608 (0.00%)
    1 / 1601 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ileus paralytic
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 1608 (0.12%)
    1 / 1601 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Intestinal obstruction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Intestinal perforation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 1608 (0.00%)
    1 / 1601 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Intestinal ulcer perforation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 1608 (0.00%)
    1 / 1601 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Hyperbilirubinaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Biliary-bronchial fistula
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 1608 (0.00%)
    1 / 1601 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Rash pruritic
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Subcutaneous emphysema
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 1608 (0.44%)
    6 / 1601 (0.37%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 7
    0 / 6
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Urinary retention
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 1608 (0.00%)
    1 / 1601 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Acute kidney injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 1608 (0.00%)
    2 / 1601 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Endocrine disorders
    Adrenal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 1608 (0.00%)
    1 / 1601 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 1608 (0.06%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Hyponatraemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 1608 (0.00%)
    1 / 1601 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 3%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Active Colchicine Active Placebo
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 1608 (0.00%)
    0 / 1601 (0.00%)

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? No

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

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