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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A Phase 2b/3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, 2-Arm, Efficacy and Safety Study in Prurigo Nodularis with Nalbuphine ER Tablets for Pruritus Relief Through Itch Scratch Modulation (PRISM Study)

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2018-001219-53
    Trial protocol
    DE   FR   AT  
    Global end of trial date
    24 Feb 2023

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    08 Mar 2026
    First version publication date
    08 Mar 2026
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    TR11
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT03497975
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Trevi Therapeutics, Inc.
    Sponsor organisation address
    195 Church St, 16th Floor, New Haven, United States, 06510
    Public contact
    Paula Buckley, Trevi Therapeutics, Inc., +1 203304 2499, paula.buckley@trevitherapeutics.com
    Scientific contact
    James Cassella, Ph.D. , Trevi Therapeutics, Inc., +1 203304 2499, james.cassella@trevitherapeutics.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    24 Feb 2023
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    No
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    24 Feb 2023
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To investigate the anti-pruritic efficacy and safety of Nalbuphine Extended Release (ER) (NAL ER) tablets in Prurigo Nodularis. Subjects were randomized to NAL ER (or matching placebo) with the primary endpoint evaluation at Week 14. During the open label extension, subjects who received NAL ER were continued on NAL ER and subjects who received placebo would then shift to NALER.
    Protection of trial subjects
    An independent Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) periodically reviewed safety data. Subjects were closely monitored for safety. AEs were continuously evaluated throughout the study. Vital signs, locally reviewed and central cardiac core laboratory-read ECGs, physical examinations and clinical laboratory testing were conducted.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    07 Aug 2018
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Poland: 97
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Austria: 8
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    France: 6
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Germany: 96
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United States: 146
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    353
    EEA total number of subjects
    207
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    224
    From 65 to 84 years
    129
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Subjects were enrolled at 70 sites in Germany, Poland, Austria, France and the United States from 07 August 2018 to 24 February 2023.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    A total of 608 subjects were screened, out of which 353 subjects were randomized, and 344 subjects were treated with NAL ER and/or placebo.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall Study (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator, Carer, Assessor

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    NAL ER
    Arm description
    During the double-blind (DB) period, subjects were titrated over 2 weeks to NAL ER 162 mg, orally, twice daily (BID), followed by 162 mg, orally, BID, for 12 weeks. During the open label extension (OLE) period, subjects received a titration period of 2 weeks, and continued to receive NAL ER 162 mg, orally, BID, for 38 weeks in total.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Nalbuphine
    Investigational medicinal product code
    NAL ER
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Subjects were titrated over 2 weeks to NAL ER 162 mg, BID, followed by 162 mg, BID, for 12 weeks in DB period and 38 weeks in OLE period.

    Arm title
    Placebo
    Arm description
    During the DB period, subjects received a titration period of 2 weeks during which they received placebo to match the active titration period, followed by placebo, orally, BID, for 12 weeks. During the OLE period, subjects were titrated over 2 weeks to NAL ER 162 mg, orally, BID, which they received for 38 weeks (including titration).
    Arm type
    Placebo

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Placebo
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Subjects received a titration period of 2 weeks during which they received placebo to match the active titration period, followed by placebo, BID, for 12 weeks in DB period.

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Nalbuphine
    Investigational medicinal product code
    NAL ER
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Subjects were titrated over 2 weeks to NAL ER 162 mg, BID, followed by 162 mg, BID, for 38 weeks in OLE period.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    NAL ER Placebo
    Started
    173
    180
    mITT Analysis Set
    168
    176
    Subjects Who Entered the OLE Period
    107
    144
    Completed
    71
    80
    Not completed
    102
    100
         Withdrew Consent
    34
    35
         Physician decision
    4
    5
         Discontinued
    42
    39
         Lost to follow-up
    7
    7
         Reason not specified
    15
    14

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    NAL ER
    Reporting group description
    During the double-blind (DB) period, subjects were titrated over 2 weeks to NAL ER 162 mg, orally, twice daily (BID), followed by 162 mg, orally, BID, for 12 weeks. During the open label extension (OLE) period, subjects received a titration period of 2 weeks, and continued to receive NAL ER 162 mg, orally, BID, for 38 weeks in total.

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    During the DB period, subjects received a titration period of 2 weeks during which they received placebo to match the active titration period, followed by placebo, orally, BID, for 12 weeks. During the OLE period, subjects were titrated over 2 weeks to NAL ER 162 mg, orally, BID, which they received for 38 weeks (including titration).

    Reporting group values
    NAL ER Placebo Total
    Number of subjects
    173 180 353
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        18-64 years
    98 126 224
        65-84 years
    75 54 129
        85 years and above
    0 0 0
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    104 114 218
        Male
    69 66 135
    Worst Itch - Numerical Rating Scale (WI-NRS) Score
    NRS is a patient related outcome (PRO) instrument to quantify the intensity of worst itching experienced for 24-hour period and can be applied and validated either with reference to the average itch or to the absolute worst itch (WI-NRS). WI-NRS is a set of boxes, one for each number, from 0 (no itching) to 10 (worst possible itching). Higher scores indicate worst itching experience. Number of subjects indicates subjects with data available for analysis at a specified timepoint.
    Units: score on a scale
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    ( ) ( ) -
    Subject analysis sets

    Subject analysis set title
    NAL ER
    Subject analysis set type
    Modified intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    The modified Intent-to-treat (mITT) population included all randomized subjects who received at least a single dose of IP. During the DB period, subjects were titrated over 2 weeks to NAL ER 162 mg, orally, BID, followed by 162 mg, orally, BID, for 12 weeks. During the OLE period, subjects received a titration period of 2 weeks, and continued to receive NAL ER 162 mg, orally, BID, for 38 weeks in total.

    Subject analysis set title
    Placebo
    Subject analysis set type
    Modified intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    The modified Intent-to-treat (mITT) population included all randomized subjects who received at least a single dose of IP. During the DB period, subjects received a titration period of 2 weeks during which they received placebo to match the active titration period, followed by placebo, orally, BID, for 12 weeks. During the OLE period, subjects were titrated over 2 weeks to NAL ER 162 mg, orally, BID, which they received for 38 weeks (including titration).

    Subject analysis sets values
    NAL ER Placebo
    Number of subjects
    167
    176
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        18-64 years
        65-84 years
        85 years and above
    Age continuous
    Units:
        
    ( )
    ( )
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
        Male
    Worst Itch - Numerical Rating Scale (WI-NRS) Score
    NRS is a patient related outcome (PRO) instrument to quantify the intensity of worst itching experienced for 24-hour period and can be applied and validated either with reference to the average itch or to the absolute worst itch (WI-NRS). WI-NRS is a set of boxes, one for each number, from 0 (no itching) to 10 (worst possible itching). Higher scores indicate worst itching experience. Number of subjects indicates subjects with data available for analysis at a specified timepoint.
    Units: score on a scale
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    8.637 ( 0.9115 )
    8.650 ( 0.8902 )

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    NAL ER
    Reporting group description
    During the double-blind (DB) period, subjects were titrated over 2 weeks to NAL ER 162 mg, orally, twice daily (BID), followed by 162 mg, orally, BID, for 12 weeks. During the open label extension (OLE) period, subjects received a titration period of 2 weeks, and continued to receive NAL ER 162 mg, orally, BID, for 38 weeks in total.

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    During the DB period, subjects received a titration period of 2 weeks during which they received placebo to match the active titration period, followed by placebo, orally, BID, for 12 weeks. During the OLE period, subjects were titrated over 2 weeks to NAL ER 162 mg, orally, BID, which they received for 38 weeks (including titration).

    Subject analysis set title
    NAL ER
    Subject analysis set type
    Modified intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    The modified Intent-to-treat (mITT) population included all randomized subjects who received at least a single dose of IP. During the DB period, subjects were titrated over 2 weeks to NAL ER 162 mg, orally, BID, followed by 162 mg, orally, BID, for 12 weeks. During the OLE period, subjects received a titration period of 2 weeks, and continued to receive NAL ER 162 mg, orally, BID, for 38 weeks in total.

    Subject analysis set title
    Placebo
    Subject analysis set type
    Modified intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    The modified Intent-to-treat (mITT) population included all randomized subjects who received at least a single dose of IP. During the DB period, subjects received a titration period of 2 weeks during which they received placebo to match the active titration period, followed by placebo, orally, BID, for 12 weeks. During the OLE period, subjects were titrated over 2 weeks to NAL ER 162 mg, orally, BID, which they received for 38 weeks (including titration).

    Primary: Percentage of Subjects With ≥ 4- Point Decrease in 7-day Average Worst Itch - Numerical Rating Scale (WI-NRS) up to Week 14

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    End point title
    Percentage of Subjects With ≥ 4- Point Decrease in 7-day Average Worst Itch - Numerical Rating Scale (WI-NRS) up to Week 14
    End point description
    The NRS is a patient related outcome (PRO) instrument, designed to quantify the intensity of worst itching experienced during a 24-hour period, and can be applied and validated either with reference to the average itch or to the absolute worst itch (WI-NRS) over that 24-hour period. WI-NRS is a set of boxes, one for each number, from 0 (no itching) to 10 (worst possible itching). Higher scores indicate worst itching experience. Responder was defined as a subject with a ≥4-point decrease in the 7-day average WI-NRS from baseline to Week 14. The mITT population included all randomized subjects who received at least a single dose of IP. Number of subjects analyzed indicates number of subjects who were evaluable for this endpoint.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline up to Week 14
    End point values
    NAL ER Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    99
    131
    Units: percentage of subjects
        number (not applicable)
    24.24
    14.50
    Statistical analysis title
    NAL ER vs Placebo Matched to NAL ER
    Comparison groups
    NAL ER v Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    230
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.0309 [1]
    Method
    Regression, Logistic
    Parameter type
    Odds ratio (OR)
    Point estimate
    2.1
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    1.07
         upper limit
    4.13
    Notes
    [1] - Logistic regression model includes WI-NRS baseline score as a covariate, treatment and the study site (with pooling) as a fixed effect.

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Itch-related Quality of Life (ItchyQoL) Total Score at Week 14

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Itch-related Quality of Life (ItchyQoL) Total Score at Week 14
    End point description
    The ItchyQoL consists of 22 pruritus-specific items measuring how pruritus affects subject's QoL in the area of symptoms related to the itch condition (6 questions), functional limitations (7 questions), and emotions (9 questions). The subject scored each question never = 1, rarely = 2, sometimes = 3, often = 4, all the time = 5. The ItchyQoL total score were obtained as the sum of the 22 items ranging from 22 to 110, with higher score indicating worsening of pruritus. A negative change from baseline indicated improvement in the pruritus-related difficulties. The mITT population included all randomized subjects who received at least a single dose of IP. Number of subjects analyzed indicates number of subjects who were evaluable for this endpoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Week 14
    End point values
    NAL ER Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    95
    127
    Units: score on a scale
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    -17.4 ( 18.01 )
    -8.8 ( 17.15 )
    Statistical analysis title
    NAL ER vs Placebo Matched to NAL ER
    Comparison groups
    NAL ER v Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    222
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.0002 [2]
    Method
    Mixed Model for Repeated Measurements
    Parameter type
    Difference in LS Mean
    Point estimate
    -7.06
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -10.82
         upper limit
    -3.3
    Variability estimate
    Standard error of the mean
    Dispersion value
    1.91
    Notes
    [2] - Repeated measures model with the fixed effects of treatment, visit, treatment by visit interaction and baseline ItchyQoL value. An unstructured covariance matrix is used.

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Prurigo Activity Score (PAS) Assessed by the Percentage of Subjects With 1-Category Improvement in the Percentage of Pruriginous Lesions With Excoriations/Crusts (Item 5a) at Week 14

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Prurigo Activity Score (PAS) Assessed by the Percentage of Subjects With 1-Category Improvement in the Percentage of Pruriginous Lesions With Excoriations/Crusts (Item 5a) at Week 14
    End point description
    PAS consists of 5 quantitative/qualitative measurements related to examination of skin:Type; number;distribution;quantitative number of lesions in a body part;activity.Prurigo lesion activity is recorded as a stage (0 to 4), based on percentage of overall lesions with relevant characteristic.Three types of PAS responders defined one for each of these items:Pruriginous lesions with excoriations/crusts (item 5a);Healed lesions (item 5b);Number of lesions (item 2).Pruriginous lesions with excoriations/crusts (item 5a) was recorded from 0 to 4;where 0=0-25%,1=26-50%,2=51-75%,3=76-90%,4=91-100%.Higher score=more number of pruriginous lesions with excoriations/crusts.A responder=a subject who has at least 1-category improvement in the relevant item from baseline to Week 14.Baseline=last non-missing evaluation (repeated,unscheduled assessment) taken prior to or on the date of first dose. Subjects from mITT population were included.Number analyzed=number evaluable for this endpoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Week 14
    End point values
    NAL ER Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    112
    146
    Units: percentage of subjects
        number (not applicable)
    54.5
    41.1
    Statistical analysis title
    NAL ER vs Placebo Matched to NAL ER
    Comparison groups
    NAL ER v Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    258
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.0179 [3]
    Method
    Regression, Logistic
    Parameter type
    Odds ratio (OR)
    Point estimate
    1.85
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    1.11
         upper limit
    3.07
    Notes
    [3] - Logistic regression model includes PAS (Item 5a) baseline score as a covariate, treatment as a fixed effect and the study site (with pooling) as a fixed effect.

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Sleep Disturbance Short Form 8a at Week 14

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Sleep Disturbance Short Form 8a at Week 14
    End point description
    PROMIS Sleep Disturbance Short Form 8a questionnaire is a tool for assessing sleep with 8 questions which measures sleep in past 7 days.There is 1 broad sleep quality question with options:“very poor”,“poor”,“fair”,“good”,and “very good”.Left 7 questions are answered with:“not at all”,“a little bit”,“somewhat”,“quite a bit”,and“very much”.Lowest possible raw score=8;highest possible raw score=40.T-score rescales raw score into a standardized score with mean of 50,standard deviation of 10 derived from general population.Lowest possible T-score=28.9;highest possible T-score=76.6.Higher T-score=more of concept measured,higher T-Score=worse sleep disturbance.Scores <55=normal limits,55-60=mild,61-70=moderate,and >70=severe sleep disturbance.Baseline=last non-missing evaluation taken prior to or on the date of first dose of study medication.Negative change from baseline=better sleep.Subjects from mITT population were included.Number of subjects analyzed=subjects evaluable for this endpoint
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Week 14
    End point values
    NAL ER Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    96
    127
    Units: T-score
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    -9.5 ( 10.01 )
    -4.5 ( 8.44 )
    Statistical analysis title
    NAL ER vs Placebo Matched to NAL ER
    Comparison groups
    NAL ER v Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    223
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.0001 [4]
    Method
    Mixed Model for Repeated Measurements
    Parameter type
    Difference in LS Mean
    Point estimate
    -4.43
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -6.55
         upper limit
    -2.31
    Variability estimate
    Standard error of the mean
    Dispersion value
    1.08
    Notes
    [4] - Repeated measures model with the fixed effects of treatment, visit, treatment by visit interaction and baseline PROMIS value. An unstructured covariance matrix is used.

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in 7-Day Average WI-NRS to Week 14

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in 7-Day Average WI-NRS to Week 14
    End point description
    The NRS is a PRO instrument, designed to quantify the intensity of worst itching experienced during a 24-hour period, and can be applied and validated either with reference to the average itch or to the absolute worst itch (WI-NRS) over that 24-hour period. WI-NRS is a set of boxes, one for each number, from 0 (no itching) to 10 (worst possible itching). Higher scores indicate worst itching experience. Baseline WI-NRS value was calculated as the arithmetic mean of the WI-NRS values (minimum of 5 required) taken for eligibility review by site at the time of randomization. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement in symptoms. The mITT population included all randomized subjects who received at least a single dose of IP. Number of subjects analyzed indicates number of subjects who were evaluable for this endpoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Week 14
    End point values
    NAL ER Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    99
    131
    Units: score on a scale
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    -2.5 ( 2.36 )
    -1.6 ( 2.14 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in PAS Assessed by the Percentage of Subjects With 1-Category Improvement in the Percentage of Healed Lesions (Item 5b) at Week 14

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in PAS Assessed by the Percentage of Subjects With 1-Category Improvement in the Percentage of Healed Lesions (Item 5b) at Week 14
    End point description
    PAS consists of 5 quantitative/qualitative measurements related to skin-Type;number;distribution; quantitative number of lesions in body part;activity.Prurigo lesion activity is recorded as stage (0 to 4), based on percentage of overall lesions with relevant characteristic.Three types of PAS responders are defined:Pruriginous lesions with excoriations/crusts (item 5a);Healed lesions (item 5b);Number of lesions (item 2).Prurigo lesions (item 5b),where 0=100%,1=75-99%,2=50-74%,3=25-49%,4=0-24% healed pruriginous lesions.Lower score=more number of healed lesions.Responder=subject with at least 1-category improvement from baseline to Week 14.Baseline=the last non-missing evaluation (including repeated,unscheduled assessments) taken prior to or on the date of first dose of treatment.Negative change from baseline=higher number of healed lesions. The mITT population included all randomized subjects who received at least a single dose of IP.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Week 14
    End point values
    NAL ER Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    168
    176
    Units: percentage of subjects
        number (not applicable)
    39.3
    34.7
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in PAS Assessed by the Percentage of Subjects With 1-Category Improvement in the Percentage of Lesions (Item 2) at Week 14

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in PAS Assessed by the Percentage of Subjects With 1-Category Improvement in the Percentage of Lesions (Item 2) at Week 14
    End point description
    PAS consists of 5 quantitative/qualitative measurements of skin-Type;number;distribution;quantitative number of lesions in body part;activity.Prurigo lesion activity is recorded as stage (0 to 4) based on percentage of overall lesions with relevant characteristic.Three types of PAS responders are defined:Pruriginous lesions with excoriations/crusts (item 5a);Healed lesions (item 5b);Number of lesions (item 2).Prurigo lesion activity is recorded as a stage (0-4),based on the percentage of overall lesions with the relevant characteristic.Lower score=less number of lesions.Responder=subject with at least 1-category improvement from baseline to Week 14.Baseline=last non-missing evaluation (including repeated,unscheduled assessment) taken prior to or on the date of first dose of study medication.Negative change from baseline=lower number of lesions. The mITT population included all randomized subjects who received at least a single dose of IP.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Week 14
    End point values
    NAL ER Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    168
    176
    Units: percentage of subjects
        number (not applicable)
    25.0
    18.8
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Investigator Global Assessment-Prurigo Nodularis (IGA-PN) Assessed by the Percentage of Subjects With 1-Category Improvement in Activity at Week 14

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Investigator Global Assessment-Prurigo Nodularis (IGA-PN) Assessed by the Percentage of Subjects With 1-Category Improvement in Activity at Week 14
    End point description
    IGA-PN collects investigator global assessment status of PN skin lesions.It uses a 5-category scale (scoring 0-4) to describe the status of 2 aspects of disease:Activity (amount of excoriation and crusting associated with the prurigo lesions),Stage (the quantitative presence and proportion of flattening of the lesions).Excoriation/crusting activity on the surface (PN-Activity) considers number of PN lesion with excoriations and crusts on the top,0=clear (No nodules),1=small number,2=minority of nodules,3=most nodules,4=severe (vast majority of nodules). Higher number=severe status of PN skin lesions.IGA-PN responder for activity=subject with at a least 1-category improvement in the respective score from baseline to Week 14.Baseline=last non-missing evaluation (including repeated,unscheduled assessment) taken prior to or on the date of first dose.Subjects in the mITT population were included.Number of subjects analyzed=subjects evaluable for this endpoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Week 14
    End point values
    NAL ER Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    112
    146
    Units: percentage of subjects
        number (not applicable)
    57.1
    41.1
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in IGA-PN Assessed by the Percentage of Subjects With 1-Category Improvement in Stage at Week 14

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in IGA-PN Assessed by the Percentage of Subjects With 1-Category Improvement in Stage at Week 14
    End point description
    IGA-PN collects investigator global assessment status of PN skin lesions.IGA-PN uses a 5-category scale(scoring 0-4) to describe:Activity(amount of excoriation,crusting of prurigo lesions),Stage(quantitative presence,proportion of flattening of lesions),where 0=clear(No nodules),1=Rare,flattened lesions,with no more than single dome-shaped palpable nodules(1-5 nodules),2=Few,mostly flattened lesions,with small number of dome-shaped palpable nodules(6-19 nodules,3=Many lesions,partially flattened and dome-shaped palpable nodules (20-100 nodules),4=Abundant lesions,majority are dome-shaped palpable nodules(>100 nodules).Higher number=more lesions.Responder=subject with at least 1-category improvement from baseline to Week 14.Baseline=last non-missing evaluation(repeated,unscheduled assessments)taken prior to or on the date of first dose. Subjects in the mITT population were included. Number of subjects analyzed=subjects evaluable for this endpoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Week 14
    End point values
    NAL ER Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    112
    146
    Units: percentage of subjects
        number (not applicable)
    43.8
    32.9
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percentage of Subjects Having a Patient Benefit Index, Pruritus Version (PBI-P) Score of ≥1 at Week 14

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    End point title
    Percentage of Subjects Having a Patient Benefit Index, Pruritus Version (PBI-P) Score of ≥1 at Week 14
    End point description
    PBI-P is an instrument that measures subject-defined treatment objectives,benefits acquired during the treatment.During,after therapy, subject completes a matched “on-treatment” Treatment Benefits questionnaire and rates the extent to which the treatment objectives were achieved.It consists of 27 multiple choice questions that can be answered “not at all”,“somewhat”,“moderately”,“quite”,“very”.Score is computed according to the score obtained for patient needs questionnaire (PNQ),patient benefit questionnaire(PBQ).Score may only be computed if the subject has provided valid data on PNQ,PBQ for at least 75% of the treatment goals i.e. for at least 21 of the 27 items.Total score=0-135. Higher score=more benefits received.Responses “does/did not apply”,“question answered” are considered valid values when counting the number of non-missing responses. Subjects in the mITT population were included. Number of subjects analyzed=subjects evaluable for this endpoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At Week 14
    End point values
    NAL ER Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    87
    95
    Units: percentage of subjects
        number (not applicable)
    100.0
    100.0
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Number of Subjects Who Experienced TEAEs, Serious TEAEs, and Discontinued From Study Drug Due to TEAEs in DB Period

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    End point title
    Number of Subjects Who Experienced TEAEs, Serious TEAEs, and Discontinued From Study Drug Due to TEAEs in DB Period
    End point description
    AE is untoward medical occurrence in subject who administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with the study drug.AE can be any unfavorable,unintended sign, symptom,disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product,whether or not considered related to it.Serious adverse event (SAE) is any untoward medical occurrence that resulted in any of the following: death;life threatening;persistent/significant disability/incapacity;initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization;congenital anomaly/birth defect or was otherwise considered medically important.DB period TEAEs=AEs that either start,worsen in severity on or after the first DB dose and prior to the first extension titration dose of study medication in the OLE period.TEAEs included both serious,non-serious TEAEs. The safety population included all randomized subjects who received at least a single dose of IP.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline up to Week 14
    End point values
    NAL ER Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    168
    176
    Units: subjects
        Subjects with TEAEs
    136
    106
        Subjects with Serious TEAEs
    9
    8
        Subjects who Discontinued Study Drug Due to TEAEs
    53
    13
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Number of Subjects Who Experienced TEAEs, Serious TEAEs, and Discontinued From Study Drug Due to TEAEs in OLE Period

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    End point title
    Number of Subjects Who Experienced TEAEs, Serious TEAEs, and Discontinued From Study Drug Due to TEAEs in OLE Period
    End point description
    AE is any untoward medical occurrence in subject who administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with the study drug.AE can be any unfavorable,unintended sign, symptom,disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to it.Serious adverse event (SAE) is any untoward medical occurrence that resulted in any of the following: death;life threatening;persistent/significant disability/incapacity;initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization;congenital anomaly/birth defect or was otherwise considered medically important.OLE period TEAEs are defined as AEs that either start or worsen in severity on or after the first extension titration dose of study medication.TEAEs included both serious & non-serious TEAEs.Safety population included all randomized subjects who received at least a single dose of IP. Number of subjects analyzed=number of subjects evaluable for this endpoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From Week 14 up to Week 56
    End point values
    NAL ER Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    107
    144
    Units: subjects
        Subjects with TEAEs
    84
    116
        Subjects with Serious TEAEs
    7
    7
        Subjects Who Discontinued Study Drug Due to TEAEs
    8
    30
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    DB Period: Baseline up to Week 14; OLE Period: From Week 14 to Week 56
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    The safety population included all randomized subjects who received at least a single dose of IP.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    21.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    NAL ER (DB Period)
    Reporting group description
    During the DB period, subjects were titrated over 2 weeks to NAL ER 162 mg orally BID, followed by 162 mg orally BID for 12 weeks.

    Reporting group title
    Placebo (DB Period)
    Reporting group description
    During the DB period, subjects received a titration period of 2 weeks during which they received placebo to match the active titration period, followed by placebo, orally, BID, for 12 weeks.

    Reporting group title
    Prior NAL ER (OLE Period)
    Reporting group description
    During the OLE period, subjects received a titration period of 2 weeks, and continued to receive NAL ER 162 mg, orally, BID, for 38 weeks in total.

    Reporting group title
    Prior Placebo (OLE Period)
    Reporting group description
    During the OLE period, subjects were titrated over 2 weeks to NAL ER 162 mg, orally, BID, which they received for 38 weeks (including titration).

    Serious adverse events
    NAL ER (DB Period) Placebo (DB Period) Prior NAL ER (OLE Period) Prior Placebo (OLE Period)
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 168 (5.36%)
    8 / 176 (4.55%)
    7 / 107 (6.54%)
    7 / 144 (4.86%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    0
    0
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Clear cell renal cell carcinoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 168 (0.00%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    1 / 107 (0.93%)
    0 / 144 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Serous cystadenocarcinoma ovary
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 168 (0.00%)
    1 / 176 (0.57%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    0 / 144 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 168 (0.00%)
    1 / 176 (0.57%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    0 / 144 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Interstitial lung disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 168 (0.00%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    1 / 107 (0.93%)
    0 / 144 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pulmonary embolism
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 168 (0.00%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    1 / 144 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Confusional state
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 168 (0.00%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    1 / 144 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Disorientation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 168 (0.00%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    1 / 144 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Dissociation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 168 (0.00%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    1 / 144 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Investigations
    SARS-CoV-2 test positive
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 168 (0.00%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    1 / 144 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Ankle fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 168 (0.60%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    0 / 144 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ligament rupture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 168 (0.60%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    0 / 144 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ligament sprain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 168 (0.60%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    0 / 144 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Overdose
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 168 (0.00%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    1 / 144 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Spinal compression fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 168 (0.00%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    1 / 107 (0.93%)
    0 / 144 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Spinal fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 168 (0.00%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    1 / 144 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Angina unstable
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 168 (0.00%)
    1 / 176 (0.57%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    0 / 144 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypertensive heart disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 168 (0.00%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    1 / 144 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Cerebrovascular accident
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 168 (0.60%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    0 / 144 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Dysarthria
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 168 (0.00%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    1 / 144 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 168 (0.00%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    1 / 144 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Migraine with aura
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 168 (0.00%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    1 / 107 (0.93%)
    0 / 144 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ear and labyrinth disorders
    Vertigo
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 168 (0.00%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    1 / 107 (0.93%)
    1 / 144 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Eye disorders
    Angle closure glaucoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 168 (0.60%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    0 / 144 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vision blurred
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 168 (0.00%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    1 / 144 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 168 (0.00%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    1 / 144 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Cholelithiasis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 168 (0.00%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    1 / 144 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Dermatitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 168 (0.00%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    1 / 144 (0.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Neurodermatitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 168 (0.60%)
    1 / 176 (0.57%)
    1 / 107 (0.93%)
    0 / 144 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pruritus
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 168 (0.60%)
    1 / 176 (0.57%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    0 / 144 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Nephrolithiasis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 168 (0.00%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    1 / 107 (0.93%)
    0 / 144 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ureterolithiasis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 168 (0.60%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    0 / 144 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Osteonecrosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 168 (0.60%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    0 / 144 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sacroiliitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 168 (0.60%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    0 / 144 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Cellulitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 168 (0.00%)
    1 / 176 (0.57%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    0 / 144 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Empyema
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 168 (0.60%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    0 / 144 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Erysipelas
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 168 (0.60%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    0 / 144 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Postoperative wound infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 168 (0.00%)
    1 / 176 (0.57%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    0 / 144 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pyelonephritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 168 (0.60%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    0 / 144 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Diabetes mellitus
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 168 (0.00%)
    1 / 176 (0.57%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
    0 / 144 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    NAL ER (DB Period) Placebo (DB Period) Prior NAL ER (OLE Period) Prior Placebo (OLE Period)
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    112 / 168 (66.67%)
    58 / 176 (32.95%)
    49 / 107 (45.79%)
    95 / 144 (65.97%)
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Medication error
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 168 (2.38%)
    6 / 176 (3.41%)
    11 / 107 (10.28%)
    14 / 144 (9.72%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    6
    12
    23
    Nervous system disorders
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    53 / 168 (31.55%)
    6 / 176 (3.41%)
    5 / 107 (4.67%)
    30 / 144 (20.83%)
         occurrences all number
    73
    9
    5
    35
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    26 / 168 (15.48%)
    14 / 176 (7.95%)
    8 / 107 (7.48%)
    22 / 144 (15.28%)
         occurrences all number
    46
    17
    10
    39
    Somnolence
         subjects affected / exposed
    25 / 168 (14.88%)
    6 / 176 (3.41%)
    3 / 107 (2.80%)
    19 / 144 (13.19%)
         occurrences all number
    30
    10
    3
    23
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Fatigue
         subjects affected / exposed
    23 / 168 (13.69%)
    10 / 176 (5.68%)
    5 / 107 (4.67%)
    18 / 144 (12.50%)
         occurrences all number
    32
    11
    5
    23
    Treatment noncompliance
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 168 (2.38%)
    3 / 176 (1.70%)
    8 / 107 (7.48%)
    8 / 144 (5.56%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    3
    10
    12
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    26 / 168 (15.48%)
    7 / 176 (3.98%)
    4 / 107 (3.74%)
    11 / 144 (7.64%)
         occurrences all number
    32
    7
    4
    15
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 168 (4.17%)
    5 / 176 (2.84%)
    10 / 107 (9.35%)
    15 / 144 (10.42%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    5
    10
    15
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    52 / 168 (30.95%)
    16 / 176 (9.09%)
    13 / 107 (12.15%)
    44 / 144 (30.56%)
         occurrences all number
    69
    20
    15
    60
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    19 / 168 (11.31%)
    6 / 176 (3.41%)
    3 / 107 (2.80%)
    20 / 144 (13.89%)
         occurrences all number
    28
    9
    4
    22
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Hyperhidrosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 168 (5.36%)
    0 / 176 (0.00%)
    3 / 107 (2.80%)
    5 / 144 (3.47%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    0
    3
    5
    Pruritus
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 168 (5.36%)
    9 / 176 (5.11%)
    5 / 107 (4.67%)
    6 / 144 (4.17%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    10
    8
    8
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Arthralgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 168 (2.38%)
    2 / 176 (1.14%)
    6 / 107 (5.61%)
    3 / 144 (2.08%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    2
    6
    3

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    09 Oct 2018
    The following changes were made as per amendment 1: • Addressed comments by Health Authority reviewers which identified items requiring further clarification or precision. • Incorporated suggestions from Investigators based on their experiences with practical implementation of the protocol. • Clarified study procedures. • Clarified ambiguities in the previous version. • Addressed ambiguities regarding safety procedures and safety assessments by clarifying the relevant safety definitions and assessments.
    14 Mar 2019
    The following changes were made as per amendment 2: • Addressed comments by Ethics Committees in Austria and Germany which proposed modification to the concomitant medication guidance for the study. • Incorporated suggestions from Investigators based on their experiences with practical implementation of the protocol. • Clarified study procedures. • Clarified ambiguities in the previous version. • Incorporated revised statistical methodology for consistency with statistical analysis plan in development based on additional statistical consultation.
    22 Jan 2020
    The following changes were made as per amendment 3: • Incorporated Administrative Clarification Memo dated 16 July, 2019 • Incorporated Administrative Clarification Memo dated 7 November, 2019 • Clarified the intention and/or execution of various study procedures. • Clarified procedural ambiguities in the previous version.
    04 Aug 2020
    The following changes were made as per amendment 4: • Updated the target enrolment of study subjects from 240 to 360, based on the DSMB recommendations after reviewing results from the pre-specified Sample Size Re- Estimation (SSRE). In that analysis, the Conditional Power fell within the ‘promising zone’ as defined in the reference Mehta and Pocock33 publication; the increase required in the ‘promising zone’ was pre-specified as 360. • Refined the exclusion criteria related to the ECG assessments of the QTcF based on advice from the consultant Cardiologist who is a recognized arrythmia expert. • Clarified text that washout during screening should be completed prior to the start of the WI- NRS collection. This has been the requirement throughout prior study conduct but the specific language has been confusing to sites. This confusion was primarily introduced by textual changes that inadvertently dropped the phrase ‘WI-NRS collection’ from the longer ‘screening period WI-NRS collection” in earlier protocol revisions. • Clarified study procedures, and ambiguities noted across previous protocol versions, including ambiguity regarding the specifications for medication washout periods in relationship to the screening period and or the screening WI-NRS collection. • Formalized and integrated into the Study Protocol document the actual changes in the Operational implementation of the study that occurred due to the initial imposition of COVID- 19 Pandemic-related limitations on in-person study visits. These were previously documented and submitted to Health Authorities in real time as “COVID-19 Administrative Memorandum” numbers 1 and 2, dated April 1, 2020 and April 23, 2020, respectively.
    05 Mar 2021
    The following changes were made as per amendment 5: • Deleted exclusion criterion #18 to permit enrollment of subjects who have had prior exposure to dupilumab or nemolizumab. As per Exclusion Criterion #17, eligibility still requires a minimal period of 3 months with no exposure to either dupilumab or nemolizumab immediately prior to enrollment in TR11. • Enabled co-enrollment in TR11 for potential subjects who may also be participating in the long-term safety follow-up period of a COVID-19 vaccine study so long as: 1) they have completed the full vaccine series; 2) that specific vaccine has been approved via an Emergency Use Authorization or comparable relevant Health Authority assessment in the country where enrollment takes place; and 3) the concomitant vaccine safety follow-up study permits co-enrollment. • The additional text updates are all considered to be Operational clarifications in response to key questions from site staff and are described in the table below. • Corrected a typographic error in the body of the protocol for inclusion criterion #5. In the V5 version of the protocol the Synopsis text was updated correctly, but that update was accidentally omitted in Section 9.5.1 in the body of the protocol. The current change provides internal consistency between the Synopsis and Section 9.5.1. • Addition of clarifications regarding the eligibility check prior to randomization, and the specific instruction that the final WINRS score entry for confirming eligibility should be performed on the day of the baseline visit and prior to dosing. • Clarified the specific ‘lesion healing’ criterion to be used for assessing whether a subject is eligible to consider dose reduction at Weeks 28, 32 and 36 by specifically referencing the Prurigo Activity Score Item 5b.
    21 Jul 2021
    The following changes were made as per amendment 6: • Updated the inclusion criteria 6 to remove “non-sedating” so that it is consistent with the change allowing sedating antidepressants. Duration at stable dose also changes to coincide with allowed changes for sedating antidepressants. • Updated the exclusion criteria to eliminate systemic antihistamines as excluded and add that the subject must be on a stable dose. • Updated the exclusion criteria to eliminate sedating antidepressants as excluded. • Updated Table 3 to revise exclusion information for systemic antihistamines, sedating antidepressants, and for medicines with a known risk for Torsade de Pointes. • Provided clarification on the QTcF values to prevent exclusion of subjects who present with Right Bundle Branch block • Allowed drugs previously not allowed due to known risk for Torsade de Pointes as long as the subject has been on a stable dose for at least 4 weeks prior to screening. Elimination of exclusion criteria #34 as it is no longer required.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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