E.1 Medical condition or disease under investigation |
E.1.1 | Medical condition(s) being investigated |
High-risk hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) |
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E.1.1.1 | Medical condition in easily understood language |
HCC is the most common hepatic malignancy worldwide. The primary risk factor for the development of HCC is cirrhosis |
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E.1.1.2 | Therapeutic area | Diseases [C] - Cancer [C04] |
MedDRA Classification |
E.1.2 Medical condition or disease under investigation |
E.1.2 | Version | 21.0 |
E.1.2 | Level | LLT |
E.1.2 | Classification code | 10019829 |
E.1.2 | Term | Hepatocellular carcinoma recurrent |
E.1.2 | System Organ Class | 10029104 - Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) |
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E.1.3 | Condition being studied is a rare disease | No |
E.2 Objective of the trial |
E.2.1 | Main objective of the trial |
To evaluate the efficacy of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab compared with active surveillance on the basis of recurrence-free survival (RFS) as determined by an IRF |
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E.2.2 | Secondary objectives of the trial |
1. To evaluate the efficacy of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab compared with active surveillance on the basis of overall survival (OS), RFS after randomization as determined by the investigator and by an Independent Review Facility (IRF), time to recurrence (TTR), IRF-assessed RFS and investigator-assessed RFS rate after randomization and OS rate at 24 months and 36 months, Time to extrahepatic spread or macrovascular invasion after randomization
2. To evaluate the safety of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab compared with active surveillance
3. To characterize the PK profile of atezolizumab when given in combination with bevacizumab
4. To evaluate the immune response to atezolizumab
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E.2.3 | Trial contains a sub-study | No |
E.3 | Principal inclusion criteria |
- Age >= 18 years
- Participants with a first diagnosis of HCC who have undergone either a curative resection or ablation within 4-12 weeks prior to randomization (not applicable for crossover)
- Documented diagnosis of HCC that has been completely resected or ablated (not applicable for crossover)
- Absence of major macrovascular (gross vascular) invasion and of the portal vein (Vp3 or Vp4) or any grade of macrovascular invasion in the hepatic vein or inferior vena cava (not applicable for crossover)
Note: Patients undergoing resection with minor vascular invasion of the portal vein (Vp1 or Vp2) as detected by either imaging or pathological examination are allowed
- Absence of extrahepatic spread as confirmed by CT or MRI scan of the chest abdomen, pelvis, and head prior to and following curative procedure
- Full recovery from surgical resection or ablation within 4 weeks prior to randomization
- High risk for HCC recurrence after resection or ablation
- For patients who received post-operative transarterial chemoembolization: full recovery from the procedure within 4 weeks prior to randomization
- For patients with resected HCC, availability of a representative baseline tumor tissue sample
- Negative HIV test at screening
- Documented virology status of hepatitis, as confirmed by screening hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) tests
- For patients with active HBV: HBV DNA < 500 IU/mL during screening, initiation of anti-HBV treatment at least 14 days prior to randomization and willingness to continue anti-HBV treatment during the study
- Patients with HCV, either with resolved infection or chronic infection, are eligible
- For patients enrolled in the extended China enrollment phase: current resident of mainland China and of Chinese ancestry
- Performance of an esophagogastroduodenoscopy either before resection or ablation as part of pre-procedure work-up or during screening, and assessment and treatment of varices of all sizes per local standard of care prior to randomization
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status of 0 or 1
- Child-Pugh Class A status
- Adequate hematologic and end-organ function
- For women of childbearing potential: agreement to remain abstinent or use contraceptive methods, and agreement to refrain from donating eggs for 5 months after the final dose of atezolizumab and for 6 months
after the final dose of bevacizumab
- For men: agreement to remain abstinent or use a condom, and agreement to refrain from donating sperm for during the treatment period and for 6 months after the final dose of bevacizumab to avoid exposing the embryo
Additional Inclusion Criteria for Crossover for Patients in Arm B
- Documentation of unequivocal recurrence as defined by European Association for the Study of the Liver Clinical Practice Guidelines or RECIST v1.1 criteria that is confirmed by the IRF
- For Arm B patients who undergo surgical resection or ablation for first recurrence: full recovery from surgical resection or ablation within 4 weeks prior to Day 1 of Cycle 1
- Availability of a representative tumor specimen obtained at the time of recurrence for exploratory biomarker research |
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E.4 | Principal exclusion criteria |
- Known fibrolamellar HCC, sarcomatoid HCC, or mixed cholangiocarcinoma and HCC
- Evidence of residual, recurrent, or metastatic disease at randomization (not applicable for crossover)
- Clinically significant ascites
- History of hepatic encephalopathy
- Prior bleeding event due to untreated or incompletely treated esophageal and/or gastric varices within 6 months prior to randomization
- Have received more than 1 cycle of adjuvant TACE following surgical resection
- Active or history of autoimmune disease or immune deficiency
- History of clinically significant idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, organizing pneumonia, drug-induced pneumonitis, or idiopathic pneumonitis, or evidence of active pneumonitis on screening chest CT scan
- Significant cardiovascular disease within 3 months prior to Day 1 of Cycle 1, unstable arrhythmia, or unstable angina
- History of malignancy other than HCC within 5 years prior to screening, with the exception of malignancies with a negligible risk of metastasis or death, such as adequately treated carcinoma in situ of the cervix, non-melanoma skin carcinoma, localized prostate cancer, ductal carcinoma in situ, or Stage I uterine cancer
- Active tuberculosis
- Severe infection within 4 weeks prior to Day 1 of Cycle 1, including, but not limited to, hospitalization for complications of infection, bacteremia, or severe pneumonia, or any active infection that in the opinion of the investigator, could impact patient safety
- Treatment with therapeutic oral or IV antibiotics within 2 weeks prior to Day 1 of Cycle 1
- Prior allogeneic stem cell or solid organ transplantation
- On the waiting list for liver transplantation
- Any other disease, metabolic dysfunction, physical examination finding, or clinical laboratory finding that contraindicates the use of an investigational drug, may affect the interpretation of the results, or may render the patient at high risk from treatment complications
- Pregnant or breastfeeding, or intending to become pregnant during the study or within 5 months after the final dose of atezolizumab or within 6 months after the final dose of bevacizumab
- Co-infection with HBV and HCV
- Co-infection with HBV and hepatitis D viral infection
- Clinically significant uncontrolled or symptomatic hypercalcemia
- History of severe allergic anaphylactic reactions to chimeric or humanized antibodies or fusion proteins
- Known hypersensitivity to Chinese hamster ovary cell products or to any component of the atezolizumab or bevacizumab formulations
- Any treatment for HCC prior to resection or ablation, including systemic therapy and locoregional therapy such as TACE
- Treatment with a live, attenuated vaccine within 4 weeks prior to Day 1 of Cycle 1, or anticipation of need for such a vaccine during atezolizumab treatment or within 5 months after the final dose of atezolizumab
- Treatment with investigational therapy within 4 weeks prior to Day 1 of Cycle 1
- Prior treatment with CD137 agonists or immune checkpoint blockade therapies, including anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated proteinCTLA- 4, anti-PD-1, and anti-PD-L1 therapeutic antibodies
- Treatment with systemic immune stimulatory agents within 4 weeks or 5 drug elimination half-lives prior to Day 1 of Cycle 1
- Treatment with systemic immunosuppressive medication within 2 weeks prior to Day 1 of Cycle 1, or anticipation of need for systemic immunosuppressive medication during study treatment
- Inadequately controlled arterial hypertension, based on an average of at least three BP readings at two or more sessions
- History of hypertensive crisis or hypertensive encephalopathy
- Significant vascular disease within 6 months prior to Day 1 of Cycle 1
- History of hemoptysis within 1 month prior to Day 1 of Cycle 1
- Evidence of bleeding diathesis or significant coagulopathy
- Current or recent use of aspirin or current or recent treatment with dipyramidole, ticlopidine, clopidogrel, and cilostazol
- Current or recent use of full-dose oral or parenteral anticoagulants or thrombolytic agents for therapeutic purpose
- Core biopsy or other minor surgical procedure, excluding placement of a vascular access device, within 3 days prior to Day 1 of Cycle 1
- History of GI fistula, GI perforation, or intra-abdominal abscess within 6 months prior to Day 1 of Cycle 1
- Evidence of abdominal free air that is not explained by paracentesis or recent surgical procedure
- Serious, non-healing or dehiscing wound, active ulcer, or untreated bone fracture
- Major surgical procedure within 4 weeks prior to Day 1 of Cycle 1 or anticipation of need for a major surgical procedure during the study
- History of clinically significant intra-abdominal inflammatory process within 6 months prior to Day 1 of Cycle 1, including, but not limited to, peptic ulcer disease, diverticulitis, or colitis
- Chronic daily treatment with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
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E.5 End points |
E.5.1 | Primary end point(s) |
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E.5.1.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point |
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E.5.2 | Secondary end point(s) |
1. OS rate at 24 months and 36 months
2. OS
3. RFS as determined by the investigator
4. TTR
5. Time to EHS or macrovascular invasion
6. RFS after randomization as determined by the investigator and by an IRF, among patients in the PD-L1-high subgroup
7. Incidence and severity of adverse events, with severity determined according to NCI CTCAE v5.0
8. Change from baseline in targeted vital signs
9. Change from baseline in targeted clinical laboratory test results
10. Serum concentration of atezolizumab at specified timepoints
11. Prevalence of anti-drug antibody (ADAs) to atezolizumab at baseline and incidence of ADAs to atezolizumab during the study
12. IRF-assessed RFS and investigator-assessed RFS rate at 24 and 36 months after randomization |
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E.5.2.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point |
1. At 24 months and 36 months
2-7. Up to 91 months
8. From baseline (Days –28 to –1) to treatment/Surveillance Discontinuation or <= 30 days after final cycle
9. From baseline (Days -7 to -1) to treatment/Surveillance Discontinuation or <= 30 days after final cycle
10 and 11. Day 1 Cycle 1-4, 8 and 12, 16 and at treatment/Surveillance Discontinuation or <= 30 days after final cycle
12. At 24 months and 36 months |
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E.6 and E.7 Scope of the trial |
E.6 | Scope of the trial |
E.6.1 | Diagnosis | No |
E.6.2 | Prophylaxis | No |
E.6.3 | Therapy | No |
E.6.4 | Safety | Yes |
E.6.5 | Efficacy | Yes |
E.6.6 | Pharmacokinetic | Yes |
E.6.7 | Pharmacodynamic | No |
E.6.8 | Bioequivalence | No |
E.6.9 | Dose response | No |
E.6.10 | Pharmacogenetic | No |
E.6.11 | Pharmacogenomic | No |
E.6.12 | Pharmacoeconomic | No |
E.6.13 | Others | Yes |
E.6.13.1 | Other scope of the trial description |
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E.7 | Trial type and phase |
E.7.1 | Human pharmacology (Phase I) | No |
E.7.1.1 | First administration to humans | No |
E.7.1.2 | Bioequivalence study | No |
E.7.1.3 | Other | No |
E.7.1.3.1 | Other trial type description | |
E.7.2 | Therapeutic exploratory (Phase II) | No |
E.7.3 | Therapeutic confirmatory (Phase III) | Yes |
E.7.4 | Therapeutic use (Phase IV) | No |
E.8 Design of the trial |
E.8.1 | Controlled | Yes |
E.8.1.1 | Randomised | Yes |
E.8.1.2 | Open | Yes |
E.8.1.3 | Single blind | No |
E.8.1.4 | Double blind | No |
E.8.1.5 | Parallel group | Yes |
E.8.1.6 | Cross over | No |
E.8.1.7 | Other | No |
E.8.2 | Comparator of controlled trial |
E.8.2.1 | Other medicinal product(s) | No |
E.8.2.2 | Placebo | No |
E.8.2.3 | Other | Yes |
E.8.2.3.1 | Comparator description |
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E.8.2.4 | Number of treatment arms in the trial | 2 |
E.8.3 |
The trial involves single site in the Member State concerned
| No |
E.8.4 | The trial involves multiple sites in the Member State concerned | Yes |
E.8.4.1 | Number of sites anticipated in Member State concerned | 4 |
E.8.5 | The trial involves multiple Member States | Yes |
E.8.5.1 | Number of sites anticipated in the EEA | 47 |
E.8.6 Trial involving sites outside the EEA |
E.8.6.1 | Trial being conducted both within and outside the EEA | Yes |
E.8.6.2 | Trial being conducted completely outside of the EEA | No |
E.8.6.3 | If E.8.6.1 or E.8.6.2 are Yes, specify the regions in which trial sites are planned |
New Zealand |
Peru |
Singapore |
Hong Kong |
Taiwan |
Australia |
Brazil |
Canada |
China |
Japan |
Korea, Republic of |
Mexico |
Russian Federation |
Thailand |
United States |
Austria |
Belgium |
Czechia |
France |
Germany |
Italy |
Netherlands |
Poland |
Spain |
Türkiye |
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E.8.7 | Trial has a data monitoring committee | Yes |
E.8.8 |
Definition of the end of the trial and justification where it is not the last
visit of the last subject undergoing the trial
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the date when approximately 319 OS events have been observed for the final analysis of OS in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population |
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E.8.9 Initial estimate of the duration of the trial |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned years | 7 |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned months | 7 |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned days | |
E.8.9.2 | In all countries concerned by the trial years | 7 |
E.8.9.2 | In all countries concerned by the trial months | 7 |