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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled, Dose Ranging Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Oral AKST4290 with Loading Doses of Aflibercept in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (PHTHALO – 205)

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2019-002738-36
    Trial protocol
    HU   DE  
    Global end of trial date
    16 Sep 2021

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    28 Mar 2023
    First version publication date
    28 Mar 2023
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    AKST4290-205
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT04331730
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Alkahest, Inc.
    Sponsor organisation address
    125 Shoreway Road, Suite D, San Carlos, United States, CA 94070
    Public contact
    Head of Communications, Alkahest, Inc. , +1 650801-0474, trials@alkahest.com
    Scientific contact
    Head of Communications, Alkahest, Inc. , +1 6508801-0474, trials@alkahest.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    22 Sep 2022
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    16 Sep 2021
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    16 Sep 2021
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of a 36-week, b.i.d. oral dosing regimen of AKST4290, with loading doses of IAI, by assessing the improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) method. Mean Change From Baseline in Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) Per the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) Testing Method [Time Frame: Baseline to Week 36]
    Protection of trial subjects
    Subject information obtained during the conduct of the study was regarded as confidential. The collection and processing of personal data from subjects enrolled in this study was limited to those data that are necessary to investigate the efficacy, safety, quality, and utility of the investigational product(s) used in this study. Prior to initiation of any study-specific procedures, subjects received a copy of the IEC/IRB approved updated version of the Informed Consent Form (ICF) that summarized, in non-technical terms, the purpose of the study, the procedures to be carried out, and the potential hazards. The PI or authorized representative explained the nature of the study to the subjects, in non-technical terms, and answered all questions regarding the study. Subjects reviewed, signed, and dated the ICF. Subjects received a copy of the fully signed ICF. The subject was given adequate time to read the ICF and the opportunity to ask questions and consider the statement before signing and dating the form. They were also given a copy of the signed document. No subject entered the studybefore informed consent was obtained. The date the ICF was signed was recorded, and the investigator retained a copy of the signed ICF.
    Background therapy
    Subjects will receive 400 mg AKST4290 twice daily for 36 weeks, in combination with intravitreal aflibercept injection treatment Or 800 mg AKST4290 twice daily for 36 weeks, in combination with intravitreal aflibercept injection treatment Or placebo for 36 weeks, in combination with intravitreal aflibercept injection treatment
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    19 Jan 2020
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Poland: 87
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United States: 7
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Hungary: 13
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    107
    EEA total number of subjects
    100
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    12
    From 65 to 84 years
    80
    85 years and over
    15

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Men and women with newly diagnosed active Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV) secondary to Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD), diagnosed by a retinal specialist with all the following characteristics and ophthalmic inclusion criteria applied to the study eye, as assessed by a central reader:

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    Central subfield thickness (CST) thickness ≥ 250 microns on SD-OCT (spectral domain OCT) (exclusive of subretinal pigment epithelial fluid, inclusive of SRF). Presence of SRF (subretinal fluid) and/or IRF (intraretinal fluid) on SD-OCT. Total lesion size not greater than 12 disc areas (30.48 mm2) (1 disc area = 2.54 mm2) on FA

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    treatment (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator, Monitor, Data analyst, Carer, Assessor

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    AKST4290 (800 mg) + Aflibercept
    Arm description
    Subjects will receive 400 mg AKST4290 twice daily for 36 weeks, in combination with intravitreal aflibercept injection treatment
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    AKST4290
    Investigational medicinal product code
    AKST4290
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Film-coated tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Subjects will receive 400 mg AKST4290 twice daily for 36 weeks, in combination with intravitreal aflibercept injection treatment

    Arm title
    AKST4290 (1600 mg) + Aflibercept
    Arm description
    Subjects will receive 800 mg AKST4290 twice daily for 36 weeks, in combination with intravitreal aflibercept injection treatment
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    AKST4290
    Investigational medicinal product code
    AKST4290
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Film-coated tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Subjects will receive 800 mg AKST4290 twice daily for 36 weeks, in combination with intravitreal aflibercept injection treatment

    Arm title
    Placebo + Aflibercept
    Arm description
    Subjects will receive Placebo twice daily for 36 weeks, in combination with intravitreal aflibercept injection treatment
    Arm type
    Placebo

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Placebo
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Placebo
    Other name
    Placebo
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Film-coated tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Subjects will receive Placebo twice daily for 36 weeks, in combination with intravitreal aflibercept injection treatment

    Number of subjects in period 1
    AKST4290 (800 mg) + Aflibercept AKST4290 (1600 mg) + Aflibercept Placebo + Aflibercept
    Started
    36
    35
    36
    Completed
    36
    29
    34
    Not completed
    0
    6
    2
         Adverse event, serious fatal
    -
    1
    -
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    -
    -
    2
         Adverse event, non-fatal
    -
    5
    -

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    AKST4290 (800 mg) + Aflibercept
    Reporting group description
    Subjects will receive 400 mg AKST4290 twice daily for 36 weeks, in combination with intravitreal aflibercept injection treatment

    Reporting group title
    AKST4290 (1600 mg) + Aflibercept
    Reporting group description
    Subjects will receive 800 mg AKST4290 twice daily for 36 weeks, in combination with intravitreal aflibercept injection treatment

    Reporting group title
    Placebo + Aflibercept
    Reporting group description
    Subjects will receive Placebo twice daily for 36 weeks, in combination with intravitreal aflibercept injection treatment

    Reporting group values
    AKST4290 (800 mg) + Aflibercept AKST4290 (1600 mg) + Aflibercept Placebo + Aflibercept Total
    Number of subjects
    36 35 36 107
    Age categorical
    Subjects 50 years of age or older at screening (Visit 1).
    Units: Subjects
        Adults (18-64 years)
    4 3 5 12
        From 65-84 years
    24 29 27 80
        85 years and over
    8 3 4 15
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    22 25 21 68
        Male
    14 10 15 39

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    AKST4290 (800 mg) + Aflibercept
    Reporting group description
    Subjects will receive 400 mg AKST4290 twice daily for 36 weeks, in combination with intravitreal aflibercept injection treatment

    Reporting group title
    AKST4290 (1600 mg) + Aflibercept
    Reporting group description
    Subjects will receive 800 mg AKST4290 twice daily for 36 weeks, in combination with intravitreal aflibercept injection treatment

    Reporting group title
    Placebo + Aflibercept
    Reporting group description
    Subjects will receive Placebo twice daily for 36 weeks, in combination with intravitreal aflibercept injection treatment

    Primary: Mean Change From Baseline in Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA)Per the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) TestingMethod

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    End point title
    Mean Change From Baseline in Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA)Per the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) TestingMethod [1]
    End point description
    Mean change from baseline in Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA)per the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) testingmethod. BCVA will be assessed using ETDRS charts at 4 meters initialtesting distance and assessed in both eyes. Score range is 0 to 93. A higher score indicates better vision.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline to Week 36
    Notes
    [1] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: This study was not powered for detecting clinically meaningful statistically significant differences. This study was conducted to identify trends and reinforce previous study results prior to conducting a study of longer treatment duration with a bigger sample size.
    End point values
    AKST4290 (800 mg) + Aflibercept AKST4290 (1600 mg) + Aflibercept Placebo + Aflibercept
    Number of subjects analysed
    36
    35
    36
    Units: score
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    10.4 ( 10.26 )
    6.7 ( 7.89 )
    13.7 ( 7.60 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    AEs were captured beginning at time of informed consent through EOS. AE status was followed by the investigator until resolved or considered stable, unless the subject was lost to follow up
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    21.1
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    treatment-emergent AE (TEAEs) AKST4290 (800 mg) + Aflibercept
    Reporting group description
    Number of Subjects Reporting at Least One TEAE

    Reporting group title
    treatment-emergent AE (TEAEs) AKST4290 (1600 mg) + Aflibercept
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group title
    treatment-emergent AE (TEAEs) Placebo + Aflibercept
    Reporting group description
    -

    Serious adverse events
    treatment-emergent AE (TEAEs) AKST4290 (800 mg) + Aflibercept treatment-emergent AE (TEAEs) AKST4290 (1600 mg) + Aflibercept treatment-emergent AE (TEAEs) Placebo + Aflibercept
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 36 (8.33%)
    3 / 35 (8.57%)
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    1
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    1
    0
    Investigations
    Endophthalmitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
    1 / 35 (2.86%)
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia viral
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
    1 / 35 (2.86%)
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Left ventricular failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
    0 / 35 (0.00%)
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Supra ventricular tachycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
    0 / 35 (0.00%)
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Acute respiratory distress syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
    1 / 35 (2.86%)
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Osteoarthritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
    0 / 35 (0.00%)
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    COVID-19
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
    2 / 35 (5.71%)
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    treatment-emergent AE (TEAEs) AKST4290 (800 mg) + Aflibercept treatment-emergent AE (TEAEs) AKST4290 (1600 mg) + Aflibercept treatment-emergent AE (TEAEs) Placebo + Aflibercept
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    26 / 36 (72.22%)
    26 / 35 (74.29%)
    20 / 36 (55.56%)
    Investigations
    Alanine aminotransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
    2 / 35 (5.71%)
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    2
    0
    Aspartate aminotransterase increase
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
    2 / 35 (5.71%)
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    2
    0
    Blood pressure increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
    2 / 35 (5.71%)
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    1
    Electrocardiogram QT prolonged
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 36 (13.89%)
    3 / 35 (8.57%)
    3 / 36 (8.33%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    3
    3
    Glomerular filtration rate decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 36 (5.56%)
    0 / 35 (0.00%)
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    1
    Hepatic enzyme increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
    3 / 35 (8.57%)
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    3
    0
    Liver function test abnormal
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
    2 / 35 (5.71%)
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    2
    0
    Product residue present
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 36 (8.33%)
    0 / 35 (0.00%)
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    0
    1
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Fall
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 36 (5.56%)
    0 / 35 (0.00%)
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    0
    Nervous system disorders
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 36 (8.33%)
    1 / 35 (2.86%)
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    1
    0
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
    2 / 35 (5.71%)
    2 / 36 (5.56%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    2
    2
    Eye disorders
    Conjunctival haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
    2 / 35 (5.71%)
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    0
    Eye pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 36 (8.33%)
    2 / 35 (5.71%)
    5 / 36 (13.89%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    2
    5
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
    3 / 35 (8.57%)
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    3
    1
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 36 (5.56%)
    0 / 35 (0.00%)
    3 / 36 (8.33%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    3
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
    4 / 35 (11.43%)
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    4
    0
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Urticaria
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
    2 / 35 (5.71%)
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Arthralgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 36 (8.33%)
    2 / 35 (5.71%)
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    2
    0
    Back pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 36 (5.56%)
    0 / 35 (0.00%)
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    0
    Osteoarthritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
    2 / 35 (5.71%)
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    2
    0
    Infections and infestations
    COVID-19
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
    4 / 35 (11.43%)
    2 / 36 (5.56%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    4
    2
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 36 (5.56%)
    1 / 35 (2.86%)
    2 / 36 (5.56%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    1
    2

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    20 Jan 2020
    Main changes 1.Study extended with a final visit at 40 weeks to gather further data related to safety and efficacy. 2. FAF was added to FP as it’s a noninvasive technique which assists in delineation of changes in retinal structures; FP/FAF testing was added at week 40 (Visit 12) to gather further data related to efficacy 3. Revised to accommodate expansion of global study sites. 4. PRN Criteria were revised for alignment with recent research findings and to be consistent with other recent global clinical trials in nAMD. 5. Some Inclusion Criteria were updated to align with global regulatory standards 6. Some Exclusion Criteria were updated to align with global regulatory standards 7. Clarification of participant replacement when withdrawn due to AEs or adverse reactions based on study procedures. 8.Content added/revised related to prohibited medications as well as medications that should be administered with caution. 9. Revised the Schedule of Events to reduce burden on subjects and sites 10.Added acquisition of biomarker to new Visit 12 to align with collection timepoint of other exploratory endpoints
    12 Jun 2020
    The main changes 1. Study endpoints were updated (primary , secondary and exploratory ) - updates required for alignment with revised statistical approach and analyses (e.g., examining treatment arms separately) as well as clarity/consistency. In addition, FAF is not available at every site; therefore, it will be performed, as available. 2. Study population was updated to include 120 enrolled subjects (previously 150) with the intent of obtaining approximately 100 evaluable subjects (previously 129) to provide approximately 33 subjects in each study arm (previously 43) 3.Randomization remains 1:1:1, but will now also be stratified by site and baseline BCVA group (< 55 letters read or ≥ 55 letters read). 4.The statistical analyses were extensively updated. Key revisions include examination of each treatment arm separately (previously pooled) 5.PRN Criterion #3 was revised to provide clarity and for alignment with study visit procedures 6.Clarification of terminology and inclusion of assessment in visit schedule 7 As the study sites may be located in EU or US; therefore, appropriate manufacturing and labelling information was added for each. 8. Additional PK assessments added to better understand and characterize the bioavailability of AKST4290 9. New content added to account for potential protocol deviations related to COVID-19. 10. Additional updates to Section 15 Schedule of Events to facilitate study operations and decrease the burden on subjects. 11.Reduction in listings of prohibited medications by removing entries for conditions that are excluded in the study.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
    For support, Contact us.
    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

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