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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, 90-day superiority trial to evaluate the effect on clinical benefit, safety and tolerability of once daily oral EMPagliflozin 10 mg compared to placebo, initiated in patients hospitalised for acUte heart faiLure (de novo or decompensatied chronic HF) who have been StabilisEd (EMPULSE)

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2019-002946-19
    Trial protocol
    SE   NL   BE   DE   DK   ES   HU   PL   IT  
    Global end of trial date
    02 Jun 2021

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    26 May 2022
    First version publication date
    26 May 2022
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    1245-0204
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT04157751
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Boehringer Ingelheim, Call Centre
    Sponsor organisation address
    Binger Straße 173, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany, 55216
    Public contact
    Boehringer Ingelheim, Call Centre, Boehringer Ingelheim, 001 018002430127, clintriage.rdg@boehringer-ingelheim.com
    Scientific contact
    Boehringer Ingelheim, Boehringer Ingelheim, Call Centre, 001 18002430127, clintriage.rdg@boehringer-ingelheim.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    20 Jul 2021
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    28 May 2021
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    02 Jun 2021
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    The main objective of this study was to assess whether in-hospital administration of empagliflozin results in improvement in heart failure-related outcomes (clinical benefit including death, heart failure events (HFE), and the burden of symptoms as assessed by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) total symptom score) in patients hospitalised for acute heart failure (de novo or decompensated chronic heart failure) and after initial stabilisation. Secondary objectives were to further assess whether it is safe to start empagliflozin in patients admitted to hospital in this setting.
    Protection of trial subjects
    Only subjects that met all the study inclusion and none of the exclusion criteria were to be entered in the study. All subjects were free to withdraw from the clinical trial at any time for any reason given. Close monitoring of all subjects was adhered to throughout the trial conduct.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    04 Jun 2020
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Poland: 62
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Sweden: 10
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Canada: 12
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    China: 28
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Japan: 32
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United States: 134
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Czechia: 19
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Germany: 62
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Italy: 29
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Netherlands: 49
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Spain: 47
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Belgium: 15
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Denmark: 35
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Hungary: 20
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Norway: 12
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    566
    EEA total number of subjects
    360
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    184
    From 65 to 84 years
    334
    85 years and over
    48

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    A multicentre, randomised, double-blind trial to assess whether in-hospital administration of empagliflozin results in improvement in heart failure-related outcomes compared to placebo in patients with acute heart failure.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    All subjects were screened for eligibility prior to participation in the trial. Subjects attended a specialist site which ensured that they (the subjects) strictly met all inclusion and none of the exclusion criteria. Subjects were not to be allocated to a treatment group if any of the entry criteria were violated.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall Study (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator, Data analyst, Assessor
    Blinding implementation details
    Patients, investigators, central reviewers, and everyone involved in trial conduct or analysis or with any other interest in this double-blind trial remained blinded with regard to the randomised treatment assignments until after database lock. The access to the randomisation code was restricted until its release for analysis. The data monitoring committee (DMC) was provided with unblinded data to allow them to review efficacy and safety and to fulfil their tasks as outlined in the DMC charter.

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Placebo
    Arm description
    1 film-coated tablet of placebo matching 10 mg empagliflozin was administered orally once daily in patients with acute heart failure.
    Arm type
    Placebo

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Placebo
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Film-coated tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    1 film-coated tablet of placebo matching 10 mg empagliflozin was administered orally once daily in patients with acute heart failure.

    Arm title
    10 mg Empagliflozin
    Arm description
    1 film-coated tablet of 10 milligram (mg) of empagliflozin was administered orally once daily in patients with acute heart failure.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Empagliflozin
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Film-coated tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    1 film-coated tablet of 10 milligram (mg) of empagliflozin was administered orally once daily in patients with acute heart failure.

    Number of subjects in period 1 [1]
    Placebo 10 mg Empagliflozin
    Started
    265
    265
    Treated
    264
    260
    Completed
    202
    208
    Not completed
    63
    57
         Other reason not stated above
    10
    10
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    12
    17
         Adverse event, non-fatal
    34
    23
         Lost to follow-up
    6
    2
         Not treated
    1
    5
    Notes
    [1] - The number of subjects reported to be in the baseline period are not the same as the worldwide number enrolled in the trial. It is expected that these numbers will be the same.
    Justification: Worldwide 566 patients were enrolled, whereof 530 patients were actually included in the study.

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    1 film-coated tablet of placebo matching 10 mg empagliflozin was administered orally once daily in patients with acute heart failure.

    Reporting group title
    10 mg Empagliflozin
    Reporting group description
    1 film-coated tablet of 10 milligram (mg) of empagliflozin was administered orally once daily in patients with acute heart failure.

    Reporting group values
    Placebo 10 mg Empagliflozin Total
    Number of subjects
    265 265 530
    Age categorical
    Randomised Set (RS), including all randomised patients.
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0 0 0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0 0 0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0 0 0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0 0 0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0 0 0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0 0 0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    91 81 172
        From 65-84 years
    144 168 312
        85 years and over
    30 16 46
    Age Continuous
    Randomised Set (RS), including all randomised patients.
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    68.1 ( 13.8 ) 68.9 ( 12.6 ) -
    Sex: Female, Male
    Randomised Set (RS), including all randomised patients.
    Units: Participants
        Female
    93 86 179
        Male
    172 179 351
    Race (NIH/OMB)
    Randomised Set (RS), including all randomised patients.
    Units: Subjects
        American Indian or Alaska Native
    2 0 2
        Asian
    25 32 57
        Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
    0 0 0
        Black or African American
    33 21 54
        White
    202 211 413
        More than one race
    2 1 3
        Unknown or Not Reported
    1 0 1
    Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
    Randomised Set (RS), including all randomised patients.
    Units: Subjects
        Hispanic or Latino
    9 6 15
        Not Hispanic or Latino
    256 259 515
        Unknown or Not Reported
    0 0 0
    Kansas City cardiomyopathy questionnaire-Total symptom score (KCCQ-TSS)
    The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire is a self-administered questionnaire that includes 23 items that map to 7 domains: symptom frequency, symptom burden, symptom stability, physical limitations, social limitations, quality of life and self-efficacy. The symptom frequency and symptom burden domains are merged into a total symptom score. Scores are represented on a 0-to-100-point scale, where a higher score reflects a better health status. KCCQ-TSS at baseline is reported. Only participants in the randomised set and with non-missing data are included.
    Units: Score on a scale
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    41.91 ( 23.98 ) 39.71 ( 24.06 ) -
    Subject analysis sets

    Subject analysis set title
    Overall Group
    Subject analysis set type
    Per protocol
    Subject analysis set description
    Overall group contains both empagliflozin and placebo group. Empagliflozin group: 1 film-coated tablet of 10 milligram (mg) empagliflozin was administered orally once daily in patients with acute heart failure. Placebo group: 1 film-coated tablet of placebo matching 10 mg empagliflozin was administered orally once daily in patients with acute heart failure.

    Subject analysis sets values
    Overall Group
    Number of subjects
    530
    Age categorical
    Randomised Set (RS), including all randomised patients.
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    172
        From 65-84 years
    312
        85 years and over
    46
    Age Continuous
    Randomised Set (RS), including all randomised patients.
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    68.5 ( 13.2 )
    Sex: Female, Male
    Randomised Set (RS), including all randomised patients.
    Units: Participants
        Female
    179
        Male
    351
    Race (NIH/OMB)
    Randomised Set (RS), including all randomised patients.
    Units: Subjects
        American Indian or Alaska Native
    2
        Asian
    57
        Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
    0
        Black or African American
    54
        White
    413
        More than one race
    3
        Unknown or Not Reported
    1
    Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
    Randomised Set (RS), including all randomised patients.
    Units: Subjects
        Hispanic or Latino
    15
        Not Hispanic or Latino
    515
        Unknown or Not Reported
    0
    Kansas City cardiomyopathy questionnaire-Total symptom score (KCCQ-TSS)
    The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire is a self-administered questionnaire that includes 23 items that map to 7 domains: symptom frequency, symptom burden, symptom stability, physical limitations, social limitations, quality of life and self-efficacy. The symptom frequency and symptom burden domains are merged into a total symptom score. Scores are represented on a 0-to-100-point scale, where a higher score reflects a better health status. KCCQ-TSS at baseline is reported. Only participants in the randomised set and with non-missing data are included.
    Units: Score on a scale
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    40.81 ( 24.02 )

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    1 film-coated tablet of placebo matching 10 mg empagliflozin was administered orally once daily in patients with acute heart failure.

    Reporting group title
    10 mg Empagliflozin
    Reporting group description
    1 film-coated tablet of 10 milligram (mg) of empagliflozin was administered orally once daily in patients with acute heart failure.

    Subject analysis set title
    Overall Group
    Subject analysis set type
    Per protocol
    Subject analysis set description
    Overall group contains both empagliflozin and placebo group. Empagliflozin group: 1 film-coated tablet of 10 milligram (mg) empagliflozin was administered orally once daily in patients with acute heart failure. Placebo group: 1 film-coated tablet of placebo matching 10 mg empagliflozin was administered orally once daily in patients with acute heart failure.

    Primary: Clinical benefit, a composite of death, number of heart failure events (HFEs), time to the first HFE and ≥5-point difference in change from baseline in KCCQ-TSS after 90 days of treatment

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    End point title
    Clinical benefit, a composite of death, number of heart failure events (HFEs), time to the first HFE and ≥5-point difference in change from baseline in KCCQ-TSS after 90 days of treatment
    End point description
    Win ratio (WR) is a method for providing an estimate of the treatment effect when composite endpoints are analyzed as the analysis accounts for clinical significance of outcomes of interest in a hierarchical manner. Pairwise comparisons of each patient in the empagliflozin (empa) group with each patient in the placebo (pbo) group were performed within strata. The hierarchical sequence was stopped once an advantage for a patient was shown. Stratified win ratio was used, calculated as total number of wins in the empa group across all strata divided by total number of losses. Weights were applied analogous to a Mantel-Haenszel approach. WR estimate= [((a)+(c)+(e)+(g)) / ((b)+(d)+(f)+(h))]; (a) death in pbo first; (b) death in empa first; (c) HFEs in pbo more frequently; (d) HFEs in empa more frequently; (e) HFEs in pbo first; (f) HFEs in empa first; (g) KCCQ-TSS change lower in pbo; (h) KCCQ-TSS change lower in empa; KCCQ-TSS: Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-Total Symptom Score
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Up to 90 days. For KCCQ-TSS: at baseline and at day 90.
    End point values
    Placebo 10 mg Empagliflozin Overall Group
    Number of subjects analysed
    265 [1]
    265 [2]
    530 [3]
    Units: Ratio
        number (confidence interval 95%)
    99999 (-99999 to 99999)
    99999 (-99999 to 99999)
    1.36 (1.09 to 1.68)
    Notes
    [1] - (-)99999 stands for non-applicable value. Result is reported for Overall Group.
    [2] - (-)99999 stands for non-applicable value. Result is reported for Overall Group.
    [3] - Randomised Set (RS), including all randomised patients.
    Statistical analysis title
    Statistical Analysis 1
    Statistical analysis description
    H0: There is no difference between the effect of placebo and the effect of empagliflozin or the effect of placebo is greater. One-sided test at significance level of 0.025
    Comparison groups
    Placebo v 10 mg Empagliflozin
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    530
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    other
    P-value
    = 0.0027 [4]
    Method
    Asymptotic normal U statistics approach
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [4] - p-value for WR <= 1.0

    Secondary: Number of participants with improvement of at least 10 points in KCCQ-TSS after 90 days of treatment

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    End point title
    Number of participants with improvement of at least 10 points in KCCQ-TSS after 90 days of treatment
    End point description
    Number of participants with improvement of at least 10 points in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire - Total Symptom Score (KCCQ-TSS) from baseline after 90 days of treatment. The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire is a self-administered questionnaire that includes 23 items that map to 7 domains: symptom frequency, symptom burden, symptom stability, physical limitations, social limitations, quality of life and self-efficacy. The symptom frequency and symptom burden domains are merged into the total symptom score. Scores are represented on a 0-to-100-point scale, where a higher score reflects a better health status. Randomised Set (RS), including all randomised patients.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At baseline and at day 90.
    End point values
    Placebo 10 mg Empagliflozin
    Number of subjects analysed
    265
    265
    Units: Participants
    202
    220
    Statistical analysis title
    Statistical Analysis 2
    Statistical analysis description
    Logistic regression including terms for baseline KCCQ-TSS, treatment and heart failure status. 95% wald confidence intervals.
    Comparison groups
    10 mg Empagliflozin v Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    530
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    [5]
    P-value
    = 0.097 [6]
    Method
    Regression, Logistic
    Parameter type
    Odds ratio (OR)
    Point estimate
    1.522
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.927
         upper limit
    2.501
    Variability estimate
    Standard error of the mean
    Dispersion value
    0.386
    Notes
    [5] - Comparison vs. Placebo.
    [6] - p-value for OR=1.0 (two-sided).

    Secondary: Change from baseline in KCCQ-TSS after 90 days of treatment

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    End point title
    Change from baseline in KCCQ-TSS after 90 days of treatment
    End point description
    Change from baseline in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire - Total Symptom Score (KCCQ-TSS). The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire is a self-administered questionnaire that includes 23 items that map to 7 domains: symptom frequency, symptom burden, symptom stability, physical limitations, social limitations, quality of life and self-efficacy. The symptom frequency and symptom burden domains are merged into the total symptom score. The score is represented on a 0-to-100-point scale, where a higher score reflects a better health status. Change from baseline in KCCQ-TSS at day 90 was modeled using a MMRM with visit (day 15 and day 30) as repeated measures, mean (standard error) after 90 days of treatment is reported. Patients in the randomised set (RS) and with non-missing data for this endpoint. Observed case including data after treatment discontinuation (OC-AD).
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At baseline, at day 15, 30 and at day 90.
    End point values
    Placebo 10 mg Empagliflozin
    Number of subjects analysed
    221
    230
    Units: Score on a scale
        least squares mean (standard error)
    31.73 ( 1.49 )
    36.19 ( 1.48 )
    Statistical analysis title
    Statistical analysis 3
    Statistical analysis description
    Restricted maximum likelihood estimation based on a mixed-effect model for repeated measures (MMRM) analysis to obtain adjusted means for the treatment effects. This model included discrete fixed effects for treatment group, and heart failure status at each visit and continuous fixed effects for baseline value at each visit. Missing data caused by patient withdrawal or other reasons were handled implicitly by the MMRM approach. Unstructured covariance structure was used.
    Comparison groups
    Placebo v 10 mg Empagliflozin
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    451
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    P-value
    = 0.0347 [7]
    Method
    Mixed models analysis
    Parameter type
    Difference of adjusted mean
    Point estimate
    4.45
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.32
         upper limit
    8.59
    Variability estimate
    Standard error of the mean
    Dispersion value
    2.1
    Notes
    [7] - p-value for difference = 0 (two-sided)

    Secondary: Change from baseline in log-transformed N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NTproBNP) Area under the curve (AUC) over 30 days of treatment

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    End point title
    Change from baseline in log-transformed N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NTproBNP) Area under the curve (AUC) over 30 days of treatment
    End point description
    Change from baseline in log-transformed N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NTproBNP) Area under the curve (AUC) over 30 days of treatment is reported. Least Squares Mean is actually geometric Least Squares Mean Patients included the randomised set (RS), and with non-missing data for this endpoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From baseline and to day 30.
    End point values
    Placebo 10 mg Empagliflozin
    Number of subjects analysed
    256
    255
    Units: Picogram/milliliter * days
        least squares mean (confidence interval 95%)
    26.77 (25.15 to 28.48)
    24.07 (22.61 to 25.62)
    Statistical analysis title
    Statistical Analysis 5
    Statistical analysis description
    Area under the curve (AUC) of change from baseline in log-transformed NT-proBNP level over 30 days of treatment was analysed by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). NT-proBNP level is regarded as log-normally distributed, therefore values were log-transformed prior to analysis. The linear trapezoidal rule was used to calculate the AUC after the log-transformation had been applied to each value.
    Comparison groups
    Placebo v 10 mg Empagliflozin
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    511
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    [8]
    P-value
    = 0.0176 [9]
    Method
    ANCOVA
    Parameter type
    Adjusted geometric mean ratio
    Point estimate
    0.9
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.82
         upper limit
    0.98
    Notes
    [8] - ANCOVA with a discrete fixed effect for heart failure status and a continuous fixed effect for baseline NT-proBNP level.
    [9] - Two-sided

    Secondary: Percentage of days alive and out of hospital (DAOH) from study drug initiation until 30 days after initial hospital discharge

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    End point title
    Percentage of days alive and out of hospital (DAOH) from study drug initiation until 30 days after initial hospital discharge
    End point description
    The follow-up time for DAOH analyses was defined as 30 days after initial hospital discharge, or time between initial hospital discharge and date of censoring for non-fatal events except for patients who died within the first 30 days, where 30 days was considered as the DAOH follow-up time. DAOH for each patient was calculated as follow-up time subtracted by the number of days in hospital during the 30 days after initial hospital discharge as well as the number of days being dead within the 30 days. Percentage DAOH was defined as DAOH divided by the DAOH follow-up time of each patient multiplied by 100. Patients included the treated set (TS), and with non-missing data for this endpoint. TS includes all patients treated with at least one dose of trial medication.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to 30 days after initial hospital discharge.
    End point values
    Placebo 10 mg Empagliflozin
    Number of subjects analysed
    264
    258
    Units: DAOH in percentage (%)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    80.90 ( 21.25 )
    81.37 ( 18.62 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percentage of days alive and out of hospital (DAOH) from study drug initiation until 90 days after randomisation

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    End point title
    Percentage of days alive and out of hospital (DAOH) from study drug initiation until 90 days after randomisation
    End point description
    The follow-up time for DAOH analyses was defined as 90 days after randomisation, or time between randomisation and date of censoring for non-fatal events except for patients who died within the first 90 days, where 90 days was considered as the DAOH follow-up time. DAOH for each patient was calculated as follow-up time subtracted by the number of days in hospital during the 90 days after randomisation as well as the number of days being dead within the first 90 days. Percentage DAOH was defined as DAOH divided by the DAOH follow-up time of each patient multiplied by 100. Patients in the treated set (TS) and with non-missing data for this endpoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to 90 days after randomisation.
    End point values
    Placebo 10 mg Empagliflozin
    Number of subjects analysed
    260
    257
    Units: DAOH in percentage (%)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    85.79 ( 22.76 )
    87.55 ( 19.54 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Incidence rate of first occurrence of cardiovascular (CV) death or heart failure event (HFE) until end of trial visit

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    End point title
    Incidence rate of first occurrence of cardiovascular (CV) death or heart failure event (HFE) until end of trial visit
    End point description
    Incidence rate of first occurrence of CV death or HFE until end of trial visit per 100 patient-year (pt-yrs) at risk is reported. Incidence rate per 100 pt-yrs = 100* number of patients with event / time at risk [years]. Randomised Set (RS), including all randomised patients.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to 127 days.
    End point values
    Placebo 10 mg Empagliflozin
    Number of subjects analysed
    265
    265
    Units: Patients with events / 100pt-yrs at risk
        number (confidence interval 95%)
    78.81 (58.11 to 102.62)
    55.01 (38.10 to 74.99)
    Statistical analysis title
    Statistical Analysis 4
    Statistical analysis description
    Comparison vs. Placebo.
    Comparison groups
    Placebo v 10 mg Empagliflozin
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    530
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    P-value
    = 0.1241 [10]
    Method
    Regression, Cox
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.71
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.46
         upper limit
    1.1
    Notes
    [10] - p-value for HR=1.0 (two sided)

    Secondary: Number of participants with hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) until 30 days after initial hospital discharge

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    End point title
    Number of participants with hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) until 30 days after initial hospital discharge
    End point description
    Number of participants with hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) until 30 days after initial hospital discharge. Randomised Set (RS), including all randomised patients.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to 30 days after initial hospital discharge.
    End point values
    Placebo 10 mg Empagliflozin
    Number of subjects analysed
    265
    265
    Units: Participants
    12
    14
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Composite renal endpoint: Number of participants with chronic dialysis, renal transplant, sustained reduction in eGFR(CKD-EPI)cr

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    End point title
    Composite renal endpoint: Number of participants with chronic dialysis, renal transplant, sustained reduction in eGFR(CKD-EPI)cr
    End point description
    The occurrence of the composite renal endpoint: - chronic dialysis (with a frequency of twice per week or more for at least 90 days), or - renal transplant, or - sustained reduction in Glomerular filtration rate estimated by the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration formula with serum creatinine measurement (eGFR (CKD-EPI)cr) from baseline of ≥40%, or - sustained eGFR [mL/min/1.73 m2] <15 and baseline value ≥30, or - sustained eGFR <10 and baseline value <30; is reported by number of participants with component events. (These events may have occurred after the endpoint was already met. Combinations may not have occurred on the same day). Sustained was determined by 2 or more consecutive post-baseline central laboratory measurements separated by at least 30 days. Randomised Set (RS), including all randomised patients.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to 90 days.
    End point values
    Placebo 10 mg Empagliflozin
    Number of subjects analysed
    265
    265
    Units: Participants
    2
    0
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Weight change per mean daily loop diuretic dose after 15 days of treatment

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    End point title
    Weight change per mean daily loop diuretic dose after 15 days of treatment
    End point description
    Diuretic effect as assessed by weight change per mean daily loop diuretic dose after 15 days of treatment. Diuretic dose = 40 mg intravenous furosemide or 80 mg oral furosemide. Abbreviation: Kg: Kilogram Patients in the randomised set (RS) and with non-missing data for this endpoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At baseline and at day 15.
    End point values
    Placebo 10 mg Empagliflozin
    Number of subjects analysed
    224
    212
    Units: Kg per loop diuretic dose
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    -2.43 ( 23.46 )
    -4.45 ( 16.65 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Weight change per mean daily loop diuretic dose after 30 days of treatment

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    End point title
    Weight change per mean daily loop diuretic dose after 30 days of treatment
    End point description
    Diuretic effect as assessed by weight change per mean daily loop diuretic dose after 30 days of treatment. Diuretic dose = 40 mg intravenous furosemide or 80 mg oral furosemide Abbreviation: Kg: Kilogram Patients in the randomised set (RS) and with non-missing data for this endpoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At baseline and at day 30.
    End point values
    Placebo 10 mg Empagliflozin
    Number of subjects analysed
    216
    219
    Units: Kg per loop diuretic dose
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    -2.69 ( 21.74 )
    -6.91 ( 25.34 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    [All-cause Mortality]: From first study drug intake until end of follow-up, up to 202 days. [Serious and Other Adverse Event]: From first study drug intake until 7 days after last intake of study medication, up to 127 days.
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    [All-cause Mortality]: Randomised Set (RS) including all randomised patients. The actual number of subjects at risk for all-cause death is 265 for empagliflozin and placebo arm. [Serious and Other Adverse Events]: Treated Set (TS), consisting of all patients treated with at least once dose of trial medication.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    24.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    10 mg Empagliflozin
    Reporting group description
    1 film-coated tablet of 10 milligram (mg) of empagliflozin was administered orally once daily in patients with acute heart failure.

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    1 film-coated tablet of placebo matching 10 mg empagliflozin was administered orally once daily in patients with acute heart failure.

    Serious adverse events
    10 mg Empagliflozin Placebo
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    84 / 260 (32.31%)
    115 / 264 (43.56%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    11
    22
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Lung adenocarcinoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Meningioma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metastatic neoplasm
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    2 / 264 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Metastases to bone
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Prostate cancer
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Prostate cancer metastatic
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vascular disorders
    Deep vein thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Extremity necrosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypertensive crisis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    2 / 264 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypotension
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 260 (0.77%)
    5 / 264 (1.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 2
    0 / 6
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Hypertensive emergency
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypovolaemic shock
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Death
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 260 (0.77%)
    2 / 264 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 2
    Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Sudden cardiac death
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Vascular stent stenosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Acute pulmonary oedema
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    3 / 264 (1.14%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Acute respiratory failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    3 / 264 (1.14%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Asthma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    2 / 264 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Dyspnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 260 (0.77%)
    2 / 264 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Epistaxis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Haemothorax
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pleural effusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pulmonary embolism
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    3 / 264 (1.14%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Pulmonary hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pulmonary oedema
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    3 / 264 (1.14%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Rhinitis allergic
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Delirium
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Mental status changes
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Suicide attempt
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Investigations
    International normalised ratio increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Glomerular filtration rate decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood uric acid increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Blood urea increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Blood creatinine increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Troponin increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Cervical vertebral fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Dislocation of vertebra
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Eye injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Fall
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 260 (1.15%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Femur fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Fibula fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Head injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vascular pseudoaneurysm
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Tibia fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Subdural haematoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Humerus fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ligament sprain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Congenital, familial and genetic disorders
    Gastrointestinal arteriovenous malformation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Acute left ventricular failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    2 / 264 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Acute myocardial infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Aortic valve incompetence
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Atrial fibrillation
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 260 (1.15%)
    2 / 264 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Atrial flutter
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    2 / 264 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Atrial thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac arrest
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 260 (0.77%)
    5 / 264 (1.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 5
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
    Bradycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 260 (1.15%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    25 / 260 (9.62%)
    37 / 264 (14.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 32
    0 / 43
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
    Cardiac failure congestive
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 260 (0.77%)
    11 / 264 (4.17%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 16
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac failure chronic
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 260 (0.77%)
    2 / 264 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac failure acute
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 260 (1.15%)
    3 / 264 (1.14%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Cardiac ventricular thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Coronary artery disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 260 (0.77%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Chronic left ventricular failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    3 / 264 (1.14%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Cardiogenic shock
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Coronary artery occlusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    2 / 264 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Coronary ostial stenosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Coronary artery stenosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 260 (0.77%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Mitral valve incompetence
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Silent myocardial infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Myocardial ischaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Myocardial infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    3 / 264 (1.14%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ventricular arrhythmia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sinus node dysfunction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ventricular fibrillation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ventricular tachycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 260 (3.08%)
    7 / 264 (2.65%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 8
    0 / 8
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Carotid artery dissection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Monoplegia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cerebrovascular accident
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 260 (1.15%)
    3 / 264 (1.14%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cauda equina syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Carotid artery occlusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Paraplegia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Speech disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Transient ischaemic attack
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Toxic encephalopathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Syncope
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Spinal cord compression
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ear and labyrinth disorders
    Deafness
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ascites
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Colitis ischaemic
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ileus
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Intestinal ischaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Intestinal obstruction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Mesenteric arteriosclerosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Obstructive pancreatitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pancreatitis acute
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Small intestinal obstruction
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Congestive hepatopathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    2 / 264 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Cholecystitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Acute hepatic failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatotoxicity
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatic cirrhosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Skin ulcer
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Acute kidney injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 260 (3.85%)
    19 / 264 (7.20%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    5 / 12
    5 / 19
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
    Chronic kidney disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    3 / 264 (1.14%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hydronephrosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nephropathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nephrotic syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal impairment
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 260 (0.77%)
    4 / 264 (1.52%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 2
    1 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Renal artery stenosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Urinary retention
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    COVID-19 pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    2 / 264 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    COVID-19
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    3 / 264 (1.14%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 3
    Bacterial infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Erysipelas
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatitis A
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infectious pleural effusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infective exacerbation of chronic obstructive airways disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Intervertebral discitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Pelvic abscess
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Klebsiella infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    4 / 264 (1.52%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 5
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Septic shock
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    2 / 264 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
    Pulmonary sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Staphylococcal bacteraemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Urinary tract infection bacterial
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    2 / 264 (0.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Subcutaneous abscess
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Dehydration
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Electrolyte imbalance
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    0 / 264 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Gout
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hyperglycaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hyperkalaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 260 (0.77%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypoglycaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypokalaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 260 (0.00%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metabolic acidosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 260 (0.38%)
    1 / 264 (0.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    10 mg Empagliflozin Placebo
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    20 / 260 (7.69%)
    19 / 264 (7.20%)
    Vascular disorders
    Hypotension
         subjects affected / exposed
    20 / 260 (7.69%)
    19 / 264 (7.20%)
         occurrences all number
    22
    19

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    04 Jun 2020
    - Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire - Clinical Summary Score (KCCQ-CSS) was exchanged by Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire – Total Summary Score (KCCQ-TSS) in trial objectives and all respective endpoints (primary, secondary, and further endpoints). Rationale: The TSS was found to be more responsive to the patient’s symptoms based on results from EMPERIAL-reduced and other Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 (SGLT2)-inhibitor trials (with dapagliflozin). - Statistical methodology for primary endpoint was changed from ‘net benefit’ to ‘win ratio’. Rationale: The win ratio has gained attention in the scientific community based on recent publications and public scientific discussions. Compared with the ‘net benefit’ approach, the result arising from the ‘win ratio’ will likely be better understood by regulatory authorities and by the scientific community. The overall statistical power for the primary endpoint remained very similar (e.g. 87.2% with the net benefit and 87.4% with the win ratio using the same assumptions). Global Amendment continues.
    04 Jun 2020
    Patient global impression of severity of heart failure (HF) symptoms (PGI-S) was added as a patient reported outcome measure and the endpoint ‘change from baseline in PGI-S of HF symptoms after 90 days of treatment’ was added. Rationale: The PGI-S of HF symptoms can be used as an anchor to identify the clinically meaningful within-patient change in KCCQ (a component of the primary endpoint). The collection of PGI-S data was to facilitate addressing the question of clinical meaningfulness. - Risk evaluation in relation with COVID-19 was added. Rationale: Measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic. - Contingency measures have been introduced to ensure patient safety and appropriate trial continuation based on a thorough benefit risk assessment. Flexibility for trial visits was introduced (allow in exceptional cases visits to be done as home/remote visits; allow for Investigational medicinal product (IMP) shipment from site to patient. Rationale: Measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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