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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Sarilumab Treatment In cytoKinE storm caused by infection with COVID-19.

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2020-001255-40
    Trial protocol
    ES  
    Global end of trial date
    10 Nov 2020

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    11 Jan 2022
    First version publication date
    11 Jan 2022
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    STRIKE-SARS-COV2
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    -
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Clínica Universidad de Navarra
    Sponsor organisation address
    Avenida de Pío XII, 36, Pamplona, Spain, 31008
    Public contact
    UCEC, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 34 948255 4002723, ucicec@unav.es
    Scientific contact
    UCEC, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 34 948255 4002723, ucicec@unav.es
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    16 Jul 2021
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    10 Nov 2020
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    10 Nov 2020
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    Principal objective: evaluate the impact of sarilumab on the progression of COVID 19-associated respiratory failure as measured by the change in a severity rating on a 7-point severity index. Secondary objective: - Assess the impact of sarilumab on markers of systemic inflammation and the coagulation cascade in the context of COVID-19. - Assess the impact of sarilumab on mortality caused by COVID-19. - Assess the impact of sarilumab on oxygenation. - Evaluate the safety of sarilumab in patients with severe pneumonia caused by COVID-19.
    Protection of trial subjects
    Given the limited clinical evidence regarding the intravenous administration of sarilumab, the first five patients in the trial received an initial dose of 200 mg of sarilumab at V1 (day 1) and an optional second dose of 200 mg of sarilumab at V2 (24 hours later). To decide whether to administer 400 mg of sarilumab at V1 and an optional second dose of 400 mg at V2 in subsequent patients, a safety evaluation by an internal review committee was performed to assess the safety profile through clinical and laboratory abnormalities. The dose could be reduced to 200 mg in V2 according to medical discretion and the patient's clinical condition.
    Background therapy
    Participants received full supportive care during the study, as well as treatment with antibiotics and analgesics, as appropriate. The use of corticosteroids as rescue was allowed if it was considered that there was no response to the study treatment.
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    28 Apr 2020
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Spain: 65
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    65
    EEA total number of subjects
    65
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    41
    From 65 to 84 years
    23
    85 years and over
    1

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    The inclusion of the first patient was on 28/04/2020 and the last patient was recruited on 19/10/2020. The participating sites were Clínica Universitaria de Navarra and Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    65 patients were enrolled in the study, but 5 of them were screening failures and did not receive the study treatment.

    Pre-assignment period milestones
    Number of subjects started
    65
    Number of subjects completed
    60

    Pre-assignment subject non-completion reasons
    Reason: Number of subjects
    Physician decision: 2
    Reason: Number of subjects
    Consent withdrawn by subject: 3
    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall trial (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Not applicable
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Arm title
    Sarilumab
    Arm description
    Treatment of severe COVID-19 with sarilumab
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Sarilumab
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion in pre-filled syringe
    Routes of administration
    Infusion
    Dosage and administration details
    Each patient received two separate doses of sarilumab 24 hours apart. Each dose was administered through intravenous infusion for one hour and consisted of 200 mg of sarilumab diluted in 100 mL of a solution at 0.9% of NaCl.

    Number of subjects in period 1 [1]
    Sarilumab
    Started
    60
    Completed
    56
    Not completed
    4
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    4
    Notes
    [1] - The number of subjects reported to be in the baseline period are not the same as the worldwide number enrolled in the trial. It is expected that these numbers will be the same.
    Justification: 65 patients were enrolled in the study, but 5 of them were screening failures and did not receive the study treatment.

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Overall trial (overall period)
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group values
    Overall trial (overall period) Total
    Number of subjects
    60 60
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Adults (18-64 years)
    38 38
        From 65-84 years
    21 21
        85 years and over
    1 1
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    59.5 ( 13.5 ) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    14 14
        Male
    46 46
    Race
    Units: Subjects
        Caucasian
    40 40
        Latin
    8 8
        Hispanic
    5 5
        Others
    4 4
        Missing
    3 3
    Patients reporting each severity rating on a 7-point severity ordinal scale
    7-point severity ordinal scale: 1. Death 2. Hospitalised, on invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO 3. Hospitalised, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices 4. Hospitalised, requiring supplemental oxygen 5. Hospitalised, not requiring supplemental oxygen – requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise) 6. Hospitalised, not requiring supplemental oxygen – no longer requires ongoing medical care 7. Not hospitalised
    Units: Subjects
        Severity 1
    0 0
        Severity 2
    1 1
        Severity 3
    6 6
        Severity 4
    40 40
        Severity 5
    13 13
        Severity 6
    0 0
        Severity 7
    0 0
    Smoking status
    The 36.7% has never smoked, where the rest smoked a mean (SD) 9.5 (9.9) cigarette per day since a mean (SD) of 23.1 (15.0) years with a mean (SD) of pack-years 16.2 (13.8).
    Units: Subjects
        Current some day smoker
    1 1
        Former smoker
    17 17
        Smoker
    2 2
        Never smoker
    22 22
        Unknown if ever smoked
    18 18
    Medical history: hypertension
    Units: Subjects
        No
    39 39
        Yes
    21 21
    Medical history: Diabetes mellitus
    Units: Subjects
        No
    50 50
        Yes
    10 10
    Medical history: cardiac disease
    Units: Subjects
        No
    59 59
        Yes
    1 1
    Medical history: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
    Units: Subjects
        No
    56 56
        Yes
    4 4
    Medical history: cancer
    Units: Subjects
        No
    57 57
        Yes
    3 3
    COVID-19 history: fever
    Units: Subjects
        No
    8 8
        Yes
    52 52
    COVID-19 history: cough
    Units: Subjects
        No
    15 15
        Yes
    45 45
    COVID-19 history: dysgeusia
    Units: Subjects
        No
    53 53
        Yes
    7 7
    COVID-19 history: anosmia
    Units: Subjects
        No
    51 51
        Yes
    9 9
    COVID-19 history: odynophagia
    Units: Subjects
        No
    58 58
        Yes
    2 2
    COVID-19 history: nausea
    Units: Subjects
        No
    56 56
        Yes
    4 4
    COVID-19 history: diarrhea
    Units: Subjects
        No
    53 53
        Yes
    7 7
    COVID-19 history: myalgia
    Units: Subjects
        No
    42 42
        Yes
    18 18
    COVID-19 history: asthenia
    Units: Subjects
        No
    37 37
        Yes
    23 23
    COVID-19 history: other related symptoms
    Units: Subjects
        No
    19 19
        Yes
    41 41
    PCR SARS CoV 2
    Units: Subjects
        Positive
    60 60
        Negative
    0 0
    Chest radiography done
    Units: Subjects
        No
    17 17
        Yes
    43 43
    Chest radiography done: COVID-19 pneumonia
    Units: Subjects
        No
    1 1
        Yes
    42 42
        Missing
    17 17
    CT Scan done
    Units: Subjects
        No
    27 27
        Yes
    33 33
    CT Scan done: COVID-19 pneumonia
    Units: Subjects
        No
    1 1
        Yes
    32 32
        Missing
    27 27
    CT scan score for pulmonary involvement: rigth upper lobe
    Units: Subjects
        1-5% involvement
    4 4
        6-25% involvement
    14 14
        26-50% involvement
    7 7
        51-75% involvement
    5 5
        Missing
    30 30
    CT scan score for pulmonary involvement: middle lobe
    Units: Subjects
        1-5% involvement
    10 10
        6-25% involvement
    8 8
        26-50% involvement
    7 7
        51-75% involvement
    3 3
        Missing
    32 32
    CT scan score for pulmonary involvement: right lower lobe
    Units: Subjects
        1-5% involvement
    4 4
        6-25% involvement
    9 9
        26-50% involvement
    8 8
        51-75% involvement
    4 4
        100% involvement
    6 6
        Missing
    29 29
    CT scan score for pulmonary involvement: left upper lobe
    Units: Subjects
        1-5% involvement
    7 7
        6-25% involvement
    9 9
        26-50% involvement
    6 6
        51-75% involvement
    7 7
        100% involvement
    1 1
        Missing
    30 30
    CT scan score for pulmonary involvement: left lower lobe
    Units: Subjects
        1-5% involvement
    4 4
        6-25% involvement
    11 11
        26-50% involvement
    4 4
        51-75% involvement
    5 5
        100% involvement
    5 5
        Missing
    31 31
    Weight
    Units: kilogram(s)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    83.9 ( 14.7 ) -
    Height
    Units: centimetres
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    169.8 ( 9.5 ) -
    Oxygen parameters: SaO2 (from pulsioximeter)
    Units: Percentage %
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    94.1 ( 1.9 ) -
    Oxygen parameters: pH
    Units: --
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    7.4 ( 0.1 ) -
    Oxygen parameters: PaO2
    Units: mmHg
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    71.4 ( 34.4 ) -
    Oxygen parameters: PaCO2
    Units: mmHg
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    37.2 ( 7.4 ) -
    Oxygen parameters: SaO2 (from arterial blood gases)
    Units: Percentage %
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    88.6 ( 15.1 ) -
    Oxygen parameters: lactic acid (from arterial blood gases)
    Units: mmol/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    1.5 ( 0.6 ) -
    Oxygen parameters: PaO2/FiO2 Index
    Units: --
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    257.5 ( 151.1 ) -
    Oxygen parameters: SaO2/FiO2 Index
    Units: --
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    152.7 ( 49.8 ) -

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Sarilumab
    Reporting group description
    Treatment of severe COVID-19 with sarilumab

    Subject analysis set title
    Day 1
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    Population: the patients who attended visit 1.

    Subject analysis set title
    Day 2
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    Population: the patients who attended visit 2.

    Subject analysis set title
    Day 3
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    Population: the patients who attended visit 3.

    Subject analysis set title
    Day 4
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    Population: the patients who attended visit 4.

    Subject analysis set title
    Day 7
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    Population: the patients who attended visit 5.

    Subject analysis set title
    Day 28
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    Population: the patients who attended visit 6.

    Subject analysis set title
    Day 1 (N = N Day 2)
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    Patients who attended visit 1 and whose data were compared with the data of patients who attended visit 2.

    Subject analysis set title
    Day 1 (N = N Day 3)
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    Patients who attended visit 1 and whose data were compared with the data of patients who attended visit 3.

    Subject analysis set title
    Day 1 (N = N day 4)
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    Patients who attended visit 1 and whose data were compared with the data of patients who attended visit 4.

    Subject analysis set title
    Day 1 (N = N Day 7)
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    Patients who attended visit 1 and whose data were compared with the data of patients who attended visit 5.

    Subject analysis set title
    Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    Patients who attended visit 1 and whose data were compared with the data of patients who attended visit 6.

    Primary: Change in a severity rating on a 7-point ordinal scale: day 7

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    End point title
    Change in a severity rating on a 7-point ordinal scale: day 7
    End point description
    Change in a severity rating on a 7-point ordinal scale: 1. Death 2. Hospitalised, on invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO 3. Hospitalised, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices 4. Hospitalised, requiring supplemental oxygen 5. Hospitalised, not requiring supplemental oxygen – requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise) 6. Hospitalised, not requiring supplemental oxygen – no longer requires ongoing medical care 7. Not hospitalised
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Day 7
    End point values
    Day 1 Day 7
    Number of subjects analysed
    55
    55
    Units: Subjects
        Severity 1
    0
    0
        Severity 2
    1
    1
        Severity 3
    6
    2
        Severity 4
    37
    13
        Severity 5
    11
    17
        Severity 6
    0
    20
        Severity 7
    0
    2
    Statistical analysis title
    Patients who worsened
    Statistical analysis description
    It was performed an analysis of contingency tables to see the evolution in 7-point ordinal severity score between day 1 and day 7, using McNemar test.
    Comparison groups
    Day 1 v Day 7
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    110
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    Method
    Parameter type
    Percentage
    Point estimate
    1.8
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0
         upper limit
    5.3
    Statistical analysis title
    Patients who remained stable
    Statistical analysis description
    It was performed an analysis of contingency tables to see the evolution in 7-point ordinal severity score between day 1 and day 7, using McNemar test.
    Comparison groups
    Day 1 v Day 7
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    110
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    Method
    Parameter type
    Percentage
    Point estimate
    30.9
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    18.7
         upper limit
    43.1
    Statistical analysis title
    Patients who improved
    Statistical analysis description
    It was performed an analysis of contingency tables to see the evolution in 7-point ordinal severity score between day 1 and day 7, using McNemar test.
    Comparison groups
    Day 1 v Day 7
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    110
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    Method
    Parameter type
    Percentage
    Point estimate
    67.3
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    54.9
         upper limit
    79.7

    Primary: Change in a severity rating on a 7-point ordinal scale: day 28

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    End point title
    Change in a severity rating on a 7-point ordinal scale: day 28
    End point description
    Change in a severity rating on a 7-point ordinal scale: 1. Death 2. Hospitalised, on invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO 3. Hospitalised, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices 4. Hospitalised, requiring supplemental oxygen 5. Hospitalised, not requiring supplemental oxygen – requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise) 6. Hospitalised, not requiring supplemental oxygen – no longer requires ongoing medical care 7. Not hospitalised
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Day 28
    End point values
    Day 1 Day 28
    Number of subjects analysed
    56
    56
    Units: Subjects
        Severity 1
    0
    0
        Severity 2
    1
    1
        Severity 3
    6
    1
        Severity 4
    37
    1
        Severity 5
    11
    0
        Severity 6
    0
    0
        Severity 7
    0
    53
    Statistical analysis title
    Patients who worsened
    Statistical analysis description
    It was performed an analysis of contingency tables to see the evolution in 7-point ordinal severity score between day 1 and day 28, using McNemar test.
    Comparison groups
    Day 1 v Day 28
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    112
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    Method
    Parameter type
    Percentage
    Point estimate
    1.8
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0
         upper limit
    5.3
    Statistical analysis title
    Patients who remained stable
    Statistical analysis description
    It was performed an analysis of contingency tables to see the evolution in 7-point ordinal severity score between day 1 and day 28, using McNemar test.
    Comparison groups
    Day 1 v Day 28
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    112
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    Method
    Parameter type
    Percentage
    Point estimate
    0
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0
         upper limit
    0
    Statistical analysis title
    Patients who improved
    Statistical analysis description
    It was performed an analysis of contingency tables to see the evolution in 7-point ordinal severity score between day 1 and day 28, using McNemar test.
    Comparison groups
    Day 1 v Day 28
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    112
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    Method
    Parameter type
    Percentage
    Point estimate
    98.2
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    94.7
         upper limit
    100

    Secondary: Percentage of patients reporting each severity rating on a 7-point severity ordinal scale

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    End point title
    Percentage of patients reporting each severity rating on a 7-point severity ordinal scale
    End point description
    7-point severity ordinal scale: 1. Death 2. Hospitalised, on invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO 3. Hospitalised, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices 4. Hospitalised, requiring supplemental oxygen 5. Hospitalised, not requiring supplemental oxygen – requiring ongoing medical care (COVID-19 related or otherwise) 6. Hospitalised, not requiring supplemental oxygen – no longer requires ongoing medical care 7. Not hospitalised
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Day 7
    End point values
    Sarilumab
    Number of subjects analysed
    55
    Units: Subjects
        Severity 1
    0
        Severity 2
    1
        Severity 3
    2
        Severity 4
    13
        Severity 5
    17
        Severity 6
    20
        Severity 7
    2
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Duration of mechanical ventilation measured by days of ventilation since treatment

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    End point title
    Duration of mechanical ventilation measured by days of ventilation since treatment
    End point description
    "Duration of mechanical ventilation" is defined as: time from intubation date to extubation date (days)
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to day 28
    End point values
    Sarilumab
    Number of subjects analysed
    51
    Units: Days
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    8.7 ( 7.7 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Number of ventilator free days in the first 28 days

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    End point title
    Number of ventilator free days in the first 28 days
    End point description
    "Number of ventilator free days" is defined as: difference between 28 days and the duration with mechanical ventilation
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline to day 28
    End point values
    Sarilumab
    Number of subjects analysed
    49
    Units: Days
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    20.4 ( 5.5 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Number of patients requiring mechanical ventilation

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    End point title
    Number of patients requiring mechanical ventilation
    End point description
    Patients with at least one oxygen requirement
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to day 28
    End point values
    Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 7 Day 28
    Number of subjects analysed
    60
    60
    59
    56
    55
    56
    Units: Subjects
        No
    12
    21
    19
    17
    37
    52
        Yes
    48
    39
    40
    39
    18
    4
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Number of patients admitted to the ICU

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    End point title
    Number of patients admitted to the ICU
    End point description
    Patients with at least one entry in the intensive care unit (ICU)
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to day 28
    End point values
    Sarilumab
    Number of subjects analysed
    60
    Units: Subjects
        No
    53
        Yes
    7
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Time to resolution of fever without antipyretics for at least 48 hours (Tº > 36.6ºC – axilla; > 37.2ºC –oral; > 37.8 –rectal or tympanic)

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    End point title
    Time to resolution of fever without antipyretics for at least 48 hours (Tº > 36.6ºC – axilla; > 37.2ºC –oral; > 37.8 –rectal or tympanic)
    End point description
    The analysis is only performed for those patients whose first temperature measurement has been> 36.6ºC (method axilar)
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to day 28
    End point values
    Sarilumab
    Number of subjects analysed
    30
    Units: Days
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    1.5 ( 0.7 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Changes from baseline in hemoglobin levels if available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28

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    End point title
    Changes from baseline in hemoglobin levels if available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to 28 days or discharge
    End point values
    Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 7 Day 28 Day 1 (N = N Day 2) Day 1 (N = N Day 3) Day 1 (N = N day 4) Day 1 (N = N Day 7) Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects analysed
    60
    55
    49
    48
    56
    60
    55
    49
    48
    56
    Units: g/dL
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    13.4 ( 1.2 )
    13.4 ( 1.2 )
    13.5 ( 1.1 )
    13.8 ( 1.5 )
    13.9 ( 1.3 )
    13.6 ( 1.3 )
    13.6 ( 1.2 )
    13.6 ( 1.2 )
    13.6 ( 1.2 )
    13.6 ( 1.3 )
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 2
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the haemoglobin between day 1 and day 2, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 2 v Day 1 (N = N Day 2)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    120
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.004 [1]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [1] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 3
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the haemoglobin between day 1 and day 3, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 3 v Day 1 (N = N Day 3)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    110
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.046 [2]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [2] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 4
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the haemoglobin between day 1 and day 4, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 4 v Day 1 (N = N day 4)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    98
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.552 [3]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [3] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 7
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the haemoglobin between day 1 and day 7, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 7 v Day 1 (N = N Day 7)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    96
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.275 [4]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [4] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 28
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the haemoglobin between day 1 and day 28, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 28 v Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    112
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.018 [5]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [5] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.

    Secondary: Changes from baseline in platelet cell count if available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28

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    End point title
    Changes from baseline in platelet cell count if available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to 28 days or discharge
    End point values
    Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 7 Day 28 Day 1 (N = N Day 2) Day 1 (N = N Day 3) Day 1 (N = N day 4) Day 1 (N = N Day 7) Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects analysed
    60
    55
    49
    48
    56
    60
    55
    49
    48
    56
    Units: 10^9/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    257.0 ( 100.3 )
    282.2 ( 113.0 )
    322.2 ( 124.1 )
    360.1 ( 142.2 )
    219.5 ( 86.0 )
    221.8 ( 79.4 )
    220.2 ( 78.6 )
    230.8 ( 80.7 )
    222.8 ( 81.5 )
    224.5 ( 80.1 )
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 2
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the platelet count between day 1 and day 2, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 2 v Day 1 (N = N Day 2)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    120
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.001 [6]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [6] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 3
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the platelet count between day 1 and day 3, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 3 v Day 1 (N = N Day 3)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    110
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.001 [7]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [7] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 4
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the platelet count between day 1 and day 4, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 4 v Day 1 (N = N day 4)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    98
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.001 [8]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [8] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 7
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the platelet count between day 1 and day 7, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 7 v Day 1 (N = N Day 7)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    96
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.001 [9]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [9] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 28
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the platelet count between day 1 and day 28, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 28 v Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    112
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.851 [10]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [10] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.

    Secondary: Changes from baseline in D-Dimer leves if available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28

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    End point title
    Changes from baseline in D-Dimer leves if available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to 28 days or discharge
    End point values
    Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 7 Day 28 Day 1 (N = N Day 2) Day 1 (N = N Day 3) Day 1 (N = N day 4) Day 1 (N = N Day 7) Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects analysed
    57
    53
    48
    47
    52
    57
    53
    48
    47
    52
    Units: ng/mL
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    981.8 ( 821.9 )
    957.7 ( 1117.9 )
    1065.2 ( 1883.5 )
    933.8 ( 1180.6 )
    609.6 ( 1190.2 )
    936.3 ( 875.3 )
    917.9 ( 894.6 )
    858.5 ( 757.3 )
    965.7 ( 940.4 )
    919.6 ( 900.7 )
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 2
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the D-dimer levels between day 1 and day 2, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 2 v Day 1 (N = N Day 2)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    114
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.469 [11]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [11] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 3
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the D-dimer levels between day 1 and day 3, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 3 v Day 1 (N = N Day 3)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    106
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.896 [12]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [12] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 4
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the D-dimer levels between day 1 and day 4, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 4 v Day 1 (N = N day 4)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    96
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.975 [13]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [13] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 7
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the D-dimer levels between day 1 and day 7, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 7 v Day 1 (N = N Day 7)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    94
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.097 [14]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [14] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 28
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the D-dimer levels between day 1 and day 28, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 28 v Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    104
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.001 [15]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [15] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.

    Secondary: Number of deaths due to any cause

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    End point title
    Number of deaths due to any cause
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to day 28
    End point values
    Sarilumab
    Number of subjects analysed
    60
    Units: Subjects
        Dead
    1
        Not dead
    59
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Organ failure (DIC, cardiac, hepatic, renal, cardiovascular)

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    End point title
    Organ failure (DIC, cardiac, hepatic, renal, cardiovascular)
    End point description
    Brescia, SOFA / Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (In agreement with hospital protocol)
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to day 28
    End point values
    Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 7 Day 28
    Number of subjects analysed
    31
    26
    25
    25
    21
    17
    Units: Subjects
        0.
    12
    17
    14
    16
    14
    16
        1.
    15
    6
    3
    1
    4
    0
        2.
    3
    3
    4
    4
    2
    0
        3.
    0
    0
    3
    3
    1
    0
        4.
    0
    0
    1
    0
    0
    1
        5.
    1
    0
    0
    1
    0
    0
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Changes from baseline in inflammatory parameters and other laboratory tests available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

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    End point title
    Changes from baseline in inflammatory parameters and other laboratory tests available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to day 28
    End point values
    Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 7 Day 28 Day 1 (N = N Day 2) Day 1 (N = N Day 3) Day 1 (N = N day 4) Day 1 (N = N Day 7) Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects analysed
    57
    54
    49
    47
    55
    57
    54
    49
    47
    55
    Units: mg/dL
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    12.2 ( 21.1 )
    4.3 ( 4.6 )
    2.4 ( 2.6 )
    1.7 ( 7.5 )
    1.2 ( 3.2 )
    19.1 ( 40.3 )
    19.4 ( 41.4 )
    20.0 ( 43.2 )
    21.5 ( 44.0 )
    18.7 ( 40.3 )
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 2
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the CRP between day 1 and day 2, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 2 v Day 1 (N = N Day 2)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    114
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.0001 [16]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [16] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 3
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the CRP between day 1 and day 3, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 3 v Day 1 (N = N Day 3)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    108
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.0001 [17]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [17] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 4
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the CRP between day 1 and day 4, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 4 v Day 1 (N = N day 4)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    98
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.0001 [18]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [18] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 7
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the CRP between day 1 and day 7, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 7 v Day 1 (N = N Day 7)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    94
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.0001 [19]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [19] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 28
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the CRP between day 1 and day 28, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 28 v Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    110
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.0001 [20]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [20] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.

    Secondary: Changes from baseline in inflammatory parameters and other laboratory tests available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)

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    End point title
    Changes from baseline in inflammatory parameters and other laboratory tests available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to day 28
    End point values
    Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 7 Day 28 Day 1 (N = N Day 2) Day 1 (N = N Day 3) Day 1 (N = N day 4) Day 1 (N = N Day 7) Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects analysed
    54
    51
    45
    45
    50
    54
    51
    45
    45
    50
    Units: UI/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    387.5 ( 128.9 )
    397.0 ( 144.6 )
    375.9 ( 135.8 )
    346.8 ( 132.9 )
    271.0 ( 75.4 )
    373.8 ( 119.1 )
    370.1 ( 121.6 )
    360.7 ( 119.0 )
    382.1 ( 127.1 )
    365.9 ( 97.0 )
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 2
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the LDH between day 1 and day 2, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 2 v Day 1 (N = N Day 2)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    108
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.072 [21]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [21] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 3
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the LDH between day 1 and day 3, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 3 v Day 1 (N = N Day 3)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    102
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.065 [22]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [22] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 4
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the LDH between day 1 and day 4, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 4 v Day 1 (N = N day 4)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    90
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.087 [23]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [23] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 7
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the LDH between day 1 and day 7, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 7 v Day 1 (N = N Day 7)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    90
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.019 [24]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [24] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 28
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the LDH between day 1 and day 28, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 28 v Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    100
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.0001 [25]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [25] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.

    Secondary: Changes from baseline in inflammatory parameters and other laboratory tests available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: serum ferritin

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    End point title
    Changes from baseline in inflammatory parameters and other laboratory tests available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: serum ferritin
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to day 28
    End point values
    Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 7 Day 28 Day 1 (N = N Day 2) Day 1 (N = N Day 3) Day 1 (N = N day 4) Day 1 (N = N Day 7) Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects analysed
    52
    48
    44
    42
    50
    52
    48
    44
    42
    50
    Units: ng/mL
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    1489.2 ( 873.9 )
    1332.1 ( 791.8 )
    1205.5 ( 729.5 )
    1065.6 ( 879.8 )
    457.1 ( 269.2 )
    1328.9 ( 773.5 )
    1256.9 ( 753.3 )
    1332.9 ( 773.4 )
    1355.4 ( 836.6 )
    1289.9 ( 815.5 )
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 2
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the ferritin between day 1 and day 2, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 2 v Day 1 (N = N Day 2)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    104
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.004 [26]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [26] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 3
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the ferritin between day 1 and day 3, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 3 v Day 1 (N = N Day 3)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    96
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.454 [27]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [27] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 4
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the ferritin between day 1 and day 4, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 4 v Day 1 (N = N day 4)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    88
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.21 [28]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [28] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 7
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the ferritin between day 1 and day 7, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 7 v Day 1 (N = N Day 7)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    84
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.003 [29]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [29] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 28
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the ferritin between day 1 and day 28, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 28 v Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    100
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.0001 [30]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [30] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.

    Secondary: Changes from baseline in inflammatory parameters and other laboratory tests available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: Troponin

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    End point title
    Changes from baseline in inflammatory parameters and other laboratory tests available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: Troponin
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to day 28
    End point values
    Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 7 Day 28 Day 1 (N = N Day 2) Day 1 (N = N Day 3) Day 1 (N = N day 4) Day 1 (N = N Day 7) Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects analysed
    14
    13
    15
    12
    13
    14
    13
    15
    12
    13
    Units: ng/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    8.9 ( 14.8 )
    6.8 ( 9.5 )
    9.7 ( 12.2 )
    4.9 ( 9.4 )
    6.2 ( 10.3 )
    9.4 ( 15.8 )
    7.4 ( 10.0 )
    11.7 ( 15.5 )
    4.9 ( 9.1 )
    6.2 ( 10.1 )
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 2
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the troponin between day 1 and day 2, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 2 v Day 1 (N = N Day 2)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    28
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.273 [31]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [31] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 3
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the troponin between day 1 and day 3, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 3 v Day 1 (N = N Day 3)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    26
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.144 [32]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [32] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 4
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the troponin between day 1 and day 4, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 4 v Day 1 (N = N day 4)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    30
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.046 [33]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [33] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 7
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the troponin between day 1 and day 7, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 7 v Day 1 (N = N Day 7)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    24
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.655 [34]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [34] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 28
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the troponin between day 1 and day 28, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 28 v Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    26
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    > 0.999 [35]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [35] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.

    Secondary: Changes from baseline in inflammatory parameters and other laboratory tests available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

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    End point title
    Changes from baseline in inflammatory parameters and other laboratory tests available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to day 28
    End point values
    Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 7 Day 28 Day 1 (N = N Day 2) Day 1 (N = N Day 3) Day 1 (N = N day 4) Day 1 (N = N Day 7) Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects analysed
    58
    52
    42
    40
    54
    58
    52
    42
    40
    54
    Units: mg/dL
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    36.5 ( 21.5 )
    37.2 ( 21.6 )
    37.5 ( 24.3 )
    38.7 ( 26.0 )
    32.2 ( 19.7 )
    33.9 ( 20.0 )
    33.2 ( 20.7 )
    33.0 ( 22.3 )
    34.2 ( 23.2 )
    33.7 ( 20.7 )
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 2
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the BUN between day 1 and day 2, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 2 v Day 1 (N = N Day 2)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    116
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.047 [36]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [36] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 3
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the BUN between day 1 and day 3, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 3 v Day 1 (N = N Day 3)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    104
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.002 [37]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [37] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 4
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the BUN between day 1 and day 4, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 4 v Day 1 (N = N day 4)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    84
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.002 [38]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [38] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 7
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the BUN between day 1 and day 7, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 7 v Day 1 (N = N Day 7)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    80
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.019 [39]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [39] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 28
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the BUN between day 1 and day 28, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 28 v Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    108
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.515 [40]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [40] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.

    Secondary: Changes from baseline in inflammatory parameters and other laboratory tests available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: creatinine

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    End point title
    Changes from baseline in inflammatory parameters and other laboratory tests available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: creatinine
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to day 28
    End point values
    Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 7 Day 28 Day 1 (N = N Day 2) Day 1 (N = N Day 3) Day 1 (N = N day 4) Day 1 (N = N Day 7) Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects analysed
    58
    52
    45
    43
    53
    58
    52
    45
    43
    53
    Units: mg/dL
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    0.88 ( 0.27 )
    0.84 ( 0.23 )
    0.86 ( 0.24 )
    0.87 ( 0.26 )
    0.88 ( 0.29 )
    0.89 ( 0.26 )
    0.87 ( 0.23 )
    0.88 ( 0.24 )
    0.90 ( 0.27 )
    0.91 ( 0.26 )
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 2
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the cretinine between day 1 and day 2, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 2 v Day 1 (N = N Day 2)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    116
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.206 [41]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [41] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 3
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the cretinine between day 1 and day 3, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 3 v Day 1 (N = N Day 3)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    104
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.276 [42]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [42] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 4
    Comparison groups
    Day 4 v Day 1 (N = N day 4)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    90
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.287 [43]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [43] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 7
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the cretinine between day 1 and day 7, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 7 v Day 1 (N = N Day 7)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    86
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.07 [44]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [44] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 28
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the cretinine between day 1 and day 28, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 28 v Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    106
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.192 [45]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [45] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.

    Secondary: Changes from baseline in inflammatory parameters and other laboratory tests available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: Aspartate Transaminase (AST)

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    End point title
    Changes from baseline in inflammatory parameters and other laboratory tests available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: Aspartate Transaminase (AST)
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to day 28
    End point values
    Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 7 Day 28 Day 1 (N = N Day 2) Day 1 (N = N Day 3) Day 1 (N = N day 4) Day 1 (N = N Day 7) Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects analysed
    46
    34
    30
    32
    50
    46
    34
    30
    32
    50
    Units: UI/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    55.2 ( 34.6 )
    69.5 ( 67.9 )
    71.0 ( 51.2 )
    56.0 ( 51.3 )
    32.4 ( 20.0 )
    49.2 ( 28.1 )
    53.2 ( 27.8 )
    46.6 ( 18.3 )
    57.0 ( 31.0 )
    50.3 ( 28.9 )
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 2
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the AST between day 1 and day 2, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 1 (N = N Day 2) v Day 2
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    92
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.026 [46]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [46] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 3
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the AST between day 1 and day 3, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 3 v Day 1 (N = N Day 3)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    68
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.347 [47]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [47] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 4
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the AST between day 1 and day 4, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 4 v Day 1 (N = N day 4)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    60
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.018 [48]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [48] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 7
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the AST between day 1 and day 7, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 7 v Day 1 (N = N Day 7)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    64
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.83 [49]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [49] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 28
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the AST between day 1 and day 28, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 28 v Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    100
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.001 [50]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [50] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.

    Secondary: Changes from baseline in inflammatory parameters and other laboratory tests available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: Alanine Transaminase (ALT)

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    End point title
    Changes from baseline in inflammatory parameters and other laboratory tests available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: Alanine Transaminase (ALT)
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to day 28
    End point values
    Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 7 Day 28 Day 1 (N = N Day 2) Day 1 (N = N Day 3) Day 1 (N = N day 4) Day 1 (N = N Day 7) Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects analysed
    47
    35
    31
    33
    51
    47
    35
    31
    33
    51
    Units: UI/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    69.9 ( 61.3 )
    94.5 ( 88.9 )
    116.9 ( 111.3 )
    164.5 ( 178.1 )
    68.2 ( 51.9 )
    56.0 ( 44.2 )
    60.5 ( 45.1 )
    53.0 ( 33.7 )
    70.0 ( 46.6 )
    56.4 ( 44.9 )
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 2
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the ALT between day 1 and day 2, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 2 v Day 1 (N = N Day 2)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    94
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.001 [51]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [51] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 3
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the ALT between day 1 and day 3, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 3 v Day 1 (N = N Day 3)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    70
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.001 [52]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [52] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 4
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the ALT between day 1 and day 4, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 4 v Day 1 (N = N day 4)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    62
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.001 [53]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [53] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 7
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the ALT between day 1 and day 7, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 7 v Day 1 (N = N Day 7)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    66
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.001 [54]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [54] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 28
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the ALT between day 1 and day 28, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 28 v Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    102
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.135 [55]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [55] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.

    Secondary: Changes from baseline in inflammatory parameters and other laboratory tests available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: total bilirrubin

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    End point title
    Changes from baseline in inflammatory parameters and other laboratory tests available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: total bilirrubin
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to day 28
    End point values
    Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 7 Day 28 Day 1 (N = N Day 2) Day 1 (N = N Day 3) Day 1 (N = N day 4) Day 1 (N = N Day 7) Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    37
    36
    38
    47
    43
    37
    36
    38
    47
    Units: mg/dL
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    0.32 ( 0.1 )
    0.33 ( 0.13 )
    0.33 ( 0.13 )
    0.40 ( 0.13 )
    0.54 ( 0.19 )
    0.41 ( 0.2 )
    0.46 ( 0.23 )
    0.43 ( 0.23 )
    0.45 ( 0.23 )
    0.42 ( 0.22 )
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 2
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the total bilirrubin between day 1 and day 2, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 1 (N = N Day 2) v Day 2
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    86
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.001 [56]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [56] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 3
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the total bilirrubin between day 1 and day 3, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 3 v Day 1 (N = N Day 3)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    74
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.001 [57]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [57] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 4
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the total bilirrubin between day 1 and day 4, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 4 v Day 1 (N = N day 4)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    72
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.002 [58]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [58] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 7
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the total bilirrubin between day 1 and day 7, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 7 v Day 1 (N = N Day 7)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    76
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.238 [59]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [59] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 28
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the total bilirrubin between day 1 and day 28, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 28 v Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    94
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.001 [60]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [60] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.

    Secondary: Changes from baseline in white blood cell count if available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: leucocytes

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    End point title
    Changes from baseline in white blood cell count if available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: leucocytes
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to 28 days or discharge
    End point values
    Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 7 Day 28 Day 1 (N = N Day 2) Day 1 (N = N Day 3) Day 1 (N = N day 4) Day 1 (N = N Day 7) Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects analysed
    60
    55
    49
    48
    56
    60
    55
    49
    48
    56
    Units: 10^9/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    6.2 ( 4.0 )
    6.6 ( 3.6 )
    6.8 ( 2.8 )
    8.8 ( 4.5 )
    6.5 ( 2.4 )
    7.5 ( 3.1 )
    7.7 ( 3.2 )
    7.7 ( 3.1 )
    8.0 ( 3.2 )
    7.8 ( 3.1 )
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 2
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the leucocytes between day 1 and day 2, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 2 v Day 1 (N = N Day 2)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    120
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.001 [61]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [61] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 3
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the leucocytes between day 1 and day 3, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 3 v Day 1 (N = N Day 3)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    110
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.021 [62]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [62] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 4
    Comparison groups
    Day 4 v Day 1 (N = N day 4)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    98
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.096 [63]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [63] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 7
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the leucocytes between day 1 and day 7, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 7 v Day 1 (N = N Day 7)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    96
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.298 [64]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [64] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 28
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the leucocytes between day 1 and day 28, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 28 v Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    112
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.018 [65]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [65] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.

    Secondary: Changes from baseline in white blood cell count if available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: neutrophils

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    End point title
    Changes from baseline in white blood cell count if available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: neutrophils
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to 28 days or discharge
    End point values
    Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 7 Day 28 Day 1 (N = N Day 2) Day 1 (N = N Day 3) Day 1 (N = N day 4) Day 1 (N = N Day 7) Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects analysed
    60
    55
    49
    48
    56
    60
    55
    49
    48
    56
    Units: 10^9/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    4.7 ( 4.0 )
    4.9 ( 3.5 )
    4.9 ( 2.6 )
    6.2 ( 4.1 )
    3.9 ( 2.3 )
    6.0 ( 3.2 )
    6.1 ( 3.3 )
    6.2 ( 3.2 )
    6.5 ( 3.3 )
    6.2 ( 3.2 )
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 2
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the neutrophils between day 1 and day 2, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 2 v Day 1 (N = N Day 2)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    120
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.001 [66]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [66] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 3
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the neutrophils between day 1 and day 3, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 3 v Day 1 (N = N Day 3)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    110
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.006 [67]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [67] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 4
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the neutrophils between day 1 and day 4, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 4 v Day 1 (N = N day 4)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    98
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.007 [68]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [68] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 7
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the neutrophils between day 1 and day 7, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 7 v Day 1 (N = N Day 7)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    96
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.462 [69]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [69] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 28
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the neutrophils between day 1 and day 28, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 28 v Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    112
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.001 [70]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [70] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.

    Secondary: Changes from baseline in white blood cell count if available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: linfocytes

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    End point title
    Changes from baseline in white blood cell count if available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: linfocytes
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to 28 days or discharge
    End point values
    Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 7 Day 28 Day 1 (N = N Day 2) Day 1 (N = N Day 3) Day 1 (N = N day 4) Day 1 (N = N Day 7) Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects analysed
    60
    55
    49
    48
    56
    60
    55
    49
    48
    56
    Units: 10^9/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    1.1 ( 0.4 )
    1.2 ( 0.5 )
    1.3 ( 0.6 )
    1.8 ( 0.8 )
    1.8 ( 0.6 )
    1.1 ( 0.4 )
    1.0 ( 0.4 )
    1.0 ( 0.4 )
    1.0 ( 0.4 )
    1.0 ( 0.5 )
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 2
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the linfocytes between day 1 and day 2, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 2 v Day 1 (N = N Day 2)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    120
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.956 [71]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [71] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 3
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the linfocytes between day 1 and day 3, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 3 v Day 1 (N = N Day 3)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    110
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.003 [72]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [72] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 4
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the linfocytes between day 1 and day 4, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 4 v Day 1 (N = N day 4)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    98
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.001 [73]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [73] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 7
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the linfocytes between day 1 and day 7, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 7 v Day 1 (N = N Day 7)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    96
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.001 [74]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [74] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 28
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the linfocytes between day 1 and day 28, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 28 v Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    112
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.001 [75]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [75] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.

    Secondary: Changes from baseline in white blood cell count if available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: monocytes

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    End point title
    Changes from baseline in white blood cell count if available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: monocytes
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to 28 days or discharge
    End point values
    Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 7 Day 28 Day 1 (N = N Day 2) Day 1 (N = N Day 3) Day 1 (N = N day 4) Day 1 (N = N Day 7) Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects analysed
    60
    55
    49
    48
    56
    60
    55
    49
    48
    56
    Units: 10^9/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    0.38 ( 0.21 )
    0.42 ( 0.22 )
    0.46 ( 0.25 )
    0.61 ( 0.26 )
    0.60 ( 0.23 )
    0.43 ( 0.21 )
    0.42 ( 0.21 )
    0.43 ( 0.22 )
    0.42 ( 0.21 )
    0.42 ( 0.21 )
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 2
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the monocytes between day 1 and day 2, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 2 v Day 1 (N = N Day 2)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    120
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.03 [76]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [76] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 3
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the monocytes between day 1 and day 3, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 3 v Day 1 (N = N Day 3)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    110
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.556 [77]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [77] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 4
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the monocytes between day 1 and day 4, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 4 v Day 1 (N = N day 4)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    98
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.511 [78]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [78] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 7
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the monocytes between day 1 and day 7, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 7 v Day 1 (N = N Day 7)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    96
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.001 [79]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [79] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 28
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the monocytes between day 1 and day 28, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 28 v Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    112
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.001 [80]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [80] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.

    Secondary: Changes from baseline in white blood cell count if available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: eosinophils

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    End point title
    Changes from baseline in white blood cell count if available on day 2, 3, 4, 7, and 28: eosinophils
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to 28 days or discharge
    End point values
    Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 7 Day 28 Day 1 (N = N Day 2) Day 1 (N = N Day 3) Day 1 (N = N day 4) Day 1 (N = N Day 7) Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects analysed
    17
    15
    13
    12
    20
    17
    15
    13
    12
    20
    Units: 10^9/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    0.05 ( 0.05 )
    0.04 ( 0.05 )
    0.09 ( 0.07 )
    0.06 ( 0.05 )
    0.15 ( 0.10 )
    0.07 ( 0.09 )
    0.07 ( 0.09 )
    0.08 ( 0.10 )
    0.08 ( 0.10 )
    0.06 ( 0.08 )
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 2
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the eosinophils between day 1 and day 2, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 1 (N = N Day 2) v Day 2
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    34
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.859 [81]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [81] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 3
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the eosinophils between day 1 and day 3, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 3 v Day 1 (N = N Day 3)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    30
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.789 [82]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [82] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 4
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the eosinophils between day 1 and day 4, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 4 v Day 1 (N = N day 4)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    26
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.386 [83]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [83] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 7
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the eosinophils between day 1 and day 7, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 7 v Day 1 (N = N Day 7)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    24
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.965 [84]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [84] - Since the p-value is over 0.05, there is no significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 28
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the eosinophils between day 1 and day 28, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 28 v Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    40
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.012 [85]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [85] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.

    Other pre-specified: Change from baseline of cytokine levels associated with the cytokine storm, including, among others, IL-6 on day 1 vs any other determination done up to day 28

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    End point title
    Change from baseline of cytokine levels associated with the cytokine storm, including, among others, IL-6 on day 1 vs any other determination done up to day 28
    End point description
    End point type
    Other pre-specified
    End point timeframe
    Up to day 28
    End point values
    Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 7 Day 28 Day 1 (N = N Day 2) Day 1 (N = N Day 3) Day 1 (N = N day 4) Day 1 (N = N Day 7) Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects analysed
    32
    30
    29
    29
    24
    32
    30
    29
    29
    24
    Units: g/mL
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    399.4 ( 572.2 )
    352.3 ( 503.3 )
    382.2 ( 612.3 )
    165.7 ( 299.7 )
    21.5 ( 35.7 )
    33.2 ( 23.4 )
    36.9 ( 27.6 )
    37.4 ( 28.7 )
    35.5 ( 26.7 )
    29.4 ( 21.1 )
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 2
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the IL-6 levels between day 1 and day 2, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 2 v Day 1 (N = N Day 2)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    64
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.0001 [86]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [86] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 3
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the IL-6 levels between day 1 and day 3, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 3 v Day 1 (N = N Day 3)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    60
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.0001 [87]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [87] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 4
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the IL-6 levels between day 1 and day 4, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 4 v Day 1 (N = N day 4)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    58
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.0001 [88]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [88] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 7
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the IL-6 levels between day 1 and day 7, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 7 v Day 1 (N = N Day 7)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    58
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.005 [89]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [89] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.
    Statistical analysis title
    Day 1 vs day 28
    Statistical analysis description
    In order to observe the evolution of the IL-6 levels between day 1 and day 28, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 0.05. In cases where a p-value less than 0.05 appear, it refers to the existence of statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Day 28 v Day 1 (N = N Day 28)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    48
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.018 [90]
    Method
    Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [90] - Since the p-value is under 0.05, there is a significant difference.

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    Throughout the duration of the trial
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    23.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Sarilumab
    Reporting group description
    Treatment of severe COVID-19 with sarilumab

    Serious adverse events
    Sarilumab
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    18 / 60 (30.00%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    1
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    Investigations
    Alanine aminotransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 60 (5.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    3 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Neutrophil count decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 60 (5.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Transaminases increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 60 (6.67%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    4 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Spinal cord compression
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Neutropenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 60 (6.67%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    4 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Death
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Hypertransaminasaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Acute respiratory distress syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Respiratory failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 1%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Sarilumab
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    27 / 60 (45.00%)
    Vascular disorders
    Cyanosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Asthenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 60 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Condition aggravated
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 60 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    General physical health deterioration
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Cough
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 60 (5.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Dyspnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 60 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Hypoxia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Rales
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Use of accessory respiratory muscles
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Psychiatric disorders
    Anxiety
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Delirium
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 60 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Depression
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 60 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Insomnia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Sleep disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Investigations
    Alanine aminotransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Aspartate aminotransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Blood pressure decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    C-reactive protein increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Electrocardiogram QT prolonged
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Fibrin D dimer increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Gamma-glutamyltransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Hypophonesis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 60 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Interleukin level increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Neutrophil count decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Oxygen saturation decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Serum ferritin decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Serum ferritin increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 60 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Transaminases increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Cardiac disorders
    Bradycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Conduction disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Nervous system disorders
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Somnolence
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Lymphopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Neutropenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Thrombocytopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 60 (5.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 60 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Dyspepsia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Odynophagia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Hypertransaminasaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Hyperhidrosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Rash
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Renal impairment
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Infections and infestations
    COVID-19
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Decreased appetite
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Hypernatraemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Hypokalaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Malnutrition
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 60 (1.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    07 Aug 2020
    Deletion of Exclusion criterion 7 (use of corticosteroids) and exclusion criterion 18 (positive serology for HIV, Hepatitis B and C).

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    The study is limited by the absence of a control group, so data must be interpreted with caution. However, judging from contemporary registries, mortality in the study was below that expected for the patient population.

    Online references

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33662012
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33676590
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33831046
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33063540
    For support, Contact us.
    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

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