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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Crossover Study to Investigate the Mechanism of Action of an Oral Enzyme Treatment with Bromelain, Trypsin and Rutoside versus Placebo in Subjects with OsTeoarthritis (WOBE-SMART)

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2020-003154-80
    Trial protocol
    BE  
    Global end of trial date
    30 Jan 2023

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    29 Jun 2025
    First version publication date
    29 Jun 2025
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    2020CLI
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT05038410
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Mucos Pharma GmbH & Co KG
    Sponsor organisation address
    Miraustr. 17, Berlin, Germany, 13509
    Public contact
    Artialis, Artialis SA, investigators_clinicaltrials@artialis.com
    Scientific contact
    Artialis, Artialis SA, investigators_clinicaltrials@artialis.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    07 Sep 2023
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    05 Oct 2022
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    30 Jan 2023
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacodynamic profile of an oral enzyme treatment with bromelain, trypsin and rutoside in participants with osteoarthritis
    Protection of trial subjects
    Only subjects who were considered eligible by investigators based on the protocol-specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were to be entered in the study. All subjects were free to withdraw from the clinical trial at any time for any reason given. Close monitoring of all subjects was adhered to throughout the trial conduct.
    Background therapy
    All participants had concomitant medication at baseline. The most frequent concomitant medications comprised: paracetamol, ibuprofen, cholecalciferol, acetylsalicylic acid, COVID-19 vaccine, pantoprazole, levothyroxine sodium, bisoprolol, amoxicillin, diclofenac and dextromethorphan
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    01 Dec 2020
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Belgium: 45
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    45
    EEA total number of subjects
    45
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    24
    From 65 to 84 years
    20
    85 years and over
    1

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Participants were recruited by five study sites across Belgium. Due to challenges in participant recruitment during the global SARS-CoV2 pandemic study timelines were impacted

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    All subjects were screened for eligibility to the trial. Investigator ensure that subjects met all strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. Thus, out of 56 screened patients, 11 patients failed screening. Additionally, one participant (WO-03-002) was randomized, while a screening failure was indicated in “Other reason for drop-out”

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall trial (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator

    Arms
    Arm title
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Arm description
    Participants were to be randomized to the WOBENZYM® or placebo group to be treated from Visit 0 to 2 (8 weeks of randomized study drug) and then discontinue study drug at Visit 2 and undergo a 4 week washout period. At Visit 3 each participant underwent treatment crossover to continue blinded treatment to Visit 5 or 6 (8- or 24-weeks of randomized study drug). All participants received both WOBENZYM® and placebo in one of the two study arms: WOBENZYM®/placebo or placebo/WOBENZYM®
    Arm type
    Cross over

    Investigational medicinal product name
    WOBENZYM®
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    3 tablets (INN: bromelain, 67.5 mg to 76.5 mg, adjusted to 450 International Pharmaceutical Federation units; trypsin, 32 mg to 48 mg, adjusted to 24 μkat; and rutoside trihydrate, 100 mg) administered morning and evening at least 30 minutes before a meal or 90 minutes after a meal. Total daily dose was 6 tablets

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Placebo
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    3 tablets administered morning and evening at least 30 minutes before a meal or 90 minutes after a meal. Total daily dose was 6 tablets

    Number of subjects in period 1
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Started
    45
    Completed
    38
    Not completed
    7
         Other reason for drop-out
    1
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    1
         Adverse event, non-fatal
    4
         Start of Xarelto
    1

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Participants were to be randomized to the WOBENZYM® or placebo group to be treated from Visit 0 to 2 (8 weeks of randomized study drug) and then discontinue study drug at Visit 2 and undergo a 4 week washout period. At Visit 3 each participant underwent treatment crossover to continue blinded treatment to Visit 5 or 6 (8- or 24-weeks of randomized study drug). All participants received both WOBENZYM® and placebo in one of the two study arms: WOBENZYM®/placebo or placebo/WOBENZYM®

    Reporting group values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo Total
    Number of subjects
    45 45
    Age categorical
    In the Clinical Study Report (CSR), baseline demographic data are provided for modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population (n=43), but data for the randomized subjects (n=45) are available in the database and were included for EudraCT reporting
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0 0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0 0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0 0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0 0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0 0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0 0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    24 24
        From 65-84 years
    20 20
        85 years and over
    1 1
    Age continuous
    In the Clinical Study Report (CSR), baseline demographic data are provided for modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population (n=43), but data for the randomized subjects (n=45) are available in the database and were included for EudraCT reporting
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    63.6 ( 10.2 ) -
    Gender categorical
    In the Clinical Study Report (CSR), baseline demographic data are provided for modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population (n=43), but data for the randomized subjects (n=45) are available in the database and were included for EudraCT reporting
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    25 25
        Male
    20 20

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Participants were to be randomized to the WOBENZYM® or placebo group to be treated from Visit 0 to 2 (8 weeks of randomized study drug) and then discontinue study drug at Visit 2 and undergo a 4 week washout period. At Visit 3 each participant underwent treatment crossover to continue blinded treatment to Visit 5 or 6 (8- or 24-weeks of randomized study drug). All participants received both WOBENZYM® and placebo in one of the two study arms: WOBENZYM®/placebo or placebo/WOBENZYM®

    Primary: Cartilage biomarker sColl2-1

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    End point title
    Cartilage biomarker sColl2-1 [1]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in cartilage biomarker levels following 8-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [1] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: nM
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -10.519 ( 13.924 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Cartilage biomarker sColl2-1NO2

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    End point title
    Cartilage biomarker sColl2-1NO2 [2]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in cartilage biomarker levels following 8-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [2] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: pg/ml
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.008 ( 0.036 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Cartilage biomarker sCOMP

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    End point title
    Cartilage biomarker sCOMP [3]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in cartilage biomarker levels following 8-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [3] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: ng/ml
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.043 ( 0.030 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Cartilage biomarker sPIIANP

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    End point title
    Cartilage biomarker sPIIANP [4]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in cartilage biomarker levels following 8-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [4] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: ng/ml
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.078 ( 0.053 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Cartilage biomarker uCTXII

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    End point title
    Cartilage biomarker uCTXII [5]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in cartilage biomarker levels following 8-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [5] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: ng/ml
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.119 ( 0.055 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Innate immune response marker classical monocytes

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    End point title
    Innate immune response marker classical monocytes [6]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of innate immune response following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [6] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: cells/μl
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.051 ( 0.041 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Innate immune response marker intermediary monocytes

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    End point title
    Innate immune response marker intermediary monocytes [7]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of innate immune response following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [7] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: cells/μl
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.202 ( 0.096 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Innate immune response marker non-classical monocytes

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    End point title
    Innate immune response marker non-classical monocytes [8]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of innate immune response following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [8] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: cells/μl
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.051 ( 0.071 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Innate immune response marker total monocytes - CD80-PC7

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    End point title
    Innate immune response marker total monocytes - CD80-PC7 [9]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of innate immune response following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [9] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: cells/μl
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.032 ( 0.028 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Innate immune response marker total monocytes - CD86-PE

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    End point title
    Innate immune response marker total monocytes - CD86-PE [10]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of innate immune response following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [10] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: cells/μl
        least squares mean (standard error)
    1.448 ( 1.012 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Innate immune response marker total monocytes - CD206-BB515

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    End point title
    Innate immune response marker total monocytes - CD206-BB515 [11]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of innate immune response following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [11] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: cells/μl
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.019 ( 0.099 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Innate immune response marker total monocytes - CD163-AF647

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    End point title
    Innate immune response marker total monocytes - CD163-AF647 [12]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of innate immune response following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [12] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: cells/μl
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.063 ( 0.081 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Innate immune response marker classical monocytes - CD80-PC7

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    End point title
    Innate immune response marker classical monocytes - CD80-PC7 [13]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of innate immune response following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [13] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: cells/μl
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.03 ( 0.024 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Innate immune response marker classical monocytes - CD86-PE

    Close Top of page
    End point title
    Innate immune response marker classical monocytes - CD86-PE [14]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of innate immune response following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [14] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: cells/μl
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.361 ( 0.557 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Innate immune response marker classical monocytes - CD206-BB515

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    End point title
    Innate immune response marker classical monocytes - CD206-BB515 [15]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of innate immune response following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [15] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: cells/μl
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.028 ( 0.099 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Innate immune response marker classical monocytes - CD163-AF647

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    End point title
    Innate immune response marker classical monocytes - CD163-AF647 [16]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of innate immune response following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [16] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: cells/μl
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.054 ( 0.088 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Innate immune response marker intermediary monocytes - CD80-PC7

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    End point title
    Innate immune response marker intermediary monocytes - CD80-PC7 [17]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of innate immune response following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [17] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: cells/μl
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.03 ( 0.037 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Innate immune response marker intermediary monocytes - CD86-PE

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    End point title
    Innate immune response marker intermediary monocytes - CD86-PE [18]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of innate immune response following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [18] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: cells/μl
        least squares mean (standard error)
    3.087 ( 2.249 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Innate immune response marker intermediary monocytes - CD206-BB515

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    End point title
    Innate immune response marker intermediary monocytes - CD206-BB515 [19]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of innate immune response following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [19] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: cells/μl
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.007 ( 0.101 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Innate immune response marker intermediary monocytes - CD163-AF647

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    End point title
    Innate immune response marker intermediary monocytes - CD163-AF647 [20]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of innate immune response following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [20] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: cells/μl
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.112 ( 0.088 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Innate immune response marker non-classical monocytes - CD80-PC7

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    End point title
    Innate immune response marker non-classical monocytes - CD80-PC7 [21]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of innate immune response following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [21] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: cells/μl
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.07 ( 0.093 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Innate immune response marker non-classical monocytes - CD86-PE

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    End point title
    Innate immune response marker non-classical monocytes - CD86-PE [22]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of innate immune response following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [22] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: cells/μl
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -3.464 ( 2.685 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Innate immune response marker non-classical monocytes - CD206-BB515

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    End point title
    Innate immune response marker non-classical monocytes - CD206-BB515 [23]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of innate immune response following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [23] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: cells/μl
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.029 ( 0.104 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Innate immune response marker non-classical monocytes - CD163-AF647

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    End point title
    Innate immune response marker non-classical monocytes - CD163-AF647 [24]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of innate immune response following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [24] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: cells/μl
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.012 ( 0.018 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Innate immune response marker NLRP3 inflammasome

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    End point title
    Innate immune response marker NLRP3 inflammasome [25]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of innate immune response following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [25] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: ng/ml
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.006 ( 0.039 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Innate immune response marker α2-macroglobulin

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    End point title
    Innate immune response marker α2-macroglobulin [26]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of innate immune response following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [26] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: g/l
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.027 ( 0.013 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Systemic inflammatory marker IL-1β

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    End point title
    Systemic inflammatory marker IL-1β [27]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of systemic inflammation following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [27] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: pg/ml
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.158 ( 0.236 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Systemic inflammatory marker TNFα

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    End point title
    Systemic inflammatory marker TNFα [28]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of systemic inflammation following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [28] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: pg/ml
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.112 ( 0.179 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Systemic inflammatory marker IL-6

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    End point title
    Systemic inflammatory marker IL-6 [29]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of systemic inflammation following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [29] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: pg/ml
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.014 ( 0.075 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Systemic inflammatory marker IL-10

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    End point title
    Systemic inflammatory marker IL-10 [30]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of systemic inflammation following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [30] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: fg/ml
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.341 ( 0.073 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Systemic inflammatory marker IL-4

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    End point title
    Systemic inflammatory marker IL-4 [31]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of systemic inflammation following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [31] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: pg/ml
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.234 ( 0.152 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: TGF-β1

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    End point title
    TGF-β1 [32]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in serum growth factor concentrations following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [32] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: ng/ml
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.057 ( 0.04 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: TGF-β2

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    End point title
    TGF-β2 [33]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in serum growth factor concentrations following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [33] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: ng/ml
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.066 ( 0.029 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: TGF-β3

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    End point title
    TGF-β3 [34]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in serum growth factor concentrations following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [34] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: ng/ml
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.693 ( 0.121 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: C-reactive Protein Metabolites (CRPM)

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    End point title
    C-reactive Protein Metabolites (CRPM) [35]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [35] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: ng/ml
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.024 ( 0.021 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Advanced Glycation End Product (AGE)

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    End point title
    Advanced Glycation End Product (AGE) [36]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [36] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: μg/ml
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.048 ( 0.031 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Innate immune response marker classical monocytes %

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    End point title
    Innate immune response marker classical monocytes % [37]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of innate immune response following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [37] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: %
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -2.971 ( 1.769 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Innate immune response marker intermediary monocytes %

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    End point title
    Innate immune response marker intermediary monocytes % [38]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of innate immune response following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [38] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: %
        least squares mean (standard error)
    3.143 ( 1.739 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Innate immune response marker non-classical monocytes %

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    End point title
    Innate immune response marker non-classical monocytes % [39]
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in markers of innate immune response following 8 weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    8-weeks of treatment
    Notes
    [39] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: All patients received both WOBENZYM® and Placebo, so a single reporting group is considered. Change from baseline in each patient was analyzed using a general linear mixed model (GLMM) with treatment, period and sequence (i.e. period x treatment) as fixed factors and participant as random factors. Endpoint values provided as least squares mean represent the GLLM estimator
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: %
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.354 ( 0.633 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Knee Pain at rest

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    End point title
    Knee Pain at rest
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline following 8- or 24-weeks in knee pain at rest measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS) of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    8- or 24-weeks of treatment
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: mm
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -1.688 ( 2.722 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Knee Pain at walking

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    End point title
    Knee Pain at walking
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline following 8- or 24-weeks in knee pain at walking measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS) of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    8- or 24-weeks of treatment
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: mm
        least squares mean (standard error)
    1.668 ( 2.722 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Knee function KOOS - Symptoms score

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    End point title
    Knee function KOOS - Symptoms score
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) following 8- or 24-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    8- or 24-weeks of treatment
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: %
        least squares mean (standard error)
    3.651 ( 1.536 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Knee function KOOS - Pain score

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    End point title
    Knee function KOOS - Pain score
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) following 8- or 24-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    8- or 24-weeks of treatment
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: %
        least squares mean (standard error)
    3.62 ( 1.766 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Knee function KOOS- ADL score

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    End point title
    Knee function KOOS- ADL score
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) following 8- or 24-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    8- or 24-weeks of treatment
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: %
        least squares mean (standard error)
    3.707 ( 1.737 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Knee function KOOS -Sports score

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    End point title
    Knee function KOOS -Sports score
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) following 8- or 24-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    8- or 24-weeks of treatment
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: %
        least squares mean (standard error)
    1.071 ( 2.062 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Knee function KOOS -Quality of life score

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    End point title
    Knee function KOOS -Quality of life score
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) following 8- or 24-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    8- or 24-weeks of treatment
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: %
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.54 ( 1.758 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Knee function KOOS - Global score

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    End point title
    Knee function KOOS - Global score
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) following 8- or 24-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    8- or 24-weeks of treatment
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: %
        least squares mean (standard error)
    2.821 ( 1.515 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Patient Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PGADA)

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    End point title
    Patient Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PGADA)
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in Patient Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PGADA) measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS) following 8- or 24-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    8- or 24-weeks of treatment
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: N/A
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.368 ( 2.542 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Global Physical Activity Parameter (GPA) heart rate

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    End point title
    Global Physical Activity Parameter (GPA) heart rate
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in in global physical activity parameters following 8- or 24-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    8- or 24-weeks of treatment
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: bpm
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.31 ( 0.28 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Global Physical Activity (GPA) daily number of steps

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    End point title
    Global Physical Activity (GPA) daily number of steps
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in in global physical activity parameters following 8- or 24-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    8- or 24-weeks of treatment
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: N/A
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.034 ( 0.021 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Global Physical Activity (GPA) Climbed stairs

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    End point title
    Global Physical Activity (GPA) Climbed stairs
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in in global physical activity parameters following 8- or 24-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    8- or 24-weeks of treatment
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: N/A
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.38 ( 0.94 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Global Physical Activity (GPA) Intensive minutes

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    End point title
    Global Physical Activity (GPA) Intensive minutes
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in in global physical activity parameters following 8- or 24-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    8- or 24-weeks of treatment
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: N/A
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.51 ( 1.41 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Global Physical Activity (GPA) Calories burned

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    End point title
    Global Physical Activity (GPA) Calories burned
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in in global physical activity parameters following 8- or 24-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    8- or 24-weeks of treatment
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: N/A
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.03 ( 0.028 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: WORMS Cartilage - patellofemoral joint

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    End point title
    WORMS Cartilage - patellofemoral joint
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) in specific joint parameters following 24-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    24-weeks of treatment
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: N/A
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.27 ( 1.60 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: WORMS Cartilage global score

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    End point title
    WORMS Cartilage global score
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) in specific joint parameters following 24-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    24-weeks of treatment
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: N/A
        least squares mean (standard error)
    1.66 ( 3.95 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: WORMS Bone marrow - patellofemoral joint

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    End point title
    WORMS Bone marrow - patellofemoral joint
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) in specific joint parameters following 24-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    24-weeks of treatment
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: N/A
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.31 ( 0.50 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: WORMS Bone marrow - medial tibiofemoral joint

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    End point title
    WORMS Bone marrow - medial tibiofemoral joint
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) in specific joint parameters following 24-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    24-weeks of treatment
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: N/A
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.27 ( 0.45 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: WORMS Bone marrow - lateral tibiofemoral joint

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    End point title
    WORMS Bone marrow - lateral tibiofemoral joint
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) in specific joint parameters following 24-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    24-weeks of treatment
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: N/A
        least squares mean (standard error)
    1.15 ( 0.77 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: WORMS Bone marrow global score

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    End point title
    WORMS Bone marrow global score
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) in specific joint parameters following 24-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    24-weeks of treatment
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: N/A
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.81 ( 0.94 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: WORMS Cyst - patellofemoral joint

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    End point title
    WORMS Cyst - patellofemoral joint
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) in specific joint parameters following 24-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    24-weeks of treatment
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: N/A
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.38 ( 0.59 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: WORMS Cyst global score

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    End point title
    WORMS Cyst global score
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) in specific joint parameters following 24-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    24-weeks of treatment
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: N/A
        least squares mean (standard error)
    1.41 ( 0.92 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: WORMS Effusion maximal distension of the synovial cavity

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    End point title
    WORMS Effusion maximal distension of the synovial cavity
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) in specific joint parameters following 24-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    24-weeks of treatment
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: N/A
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.31 ( 0.23 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: WORMS Size of synovial cysts

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    End point title
    WORMS Size of synovial cysts
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline in Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) in specific joint parameters following 24-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    24-weeks of treatment
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: N/A
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.00 ( 0.26 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Joint Effusion

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    End point title
    Joint Effusion
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline following 24-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    24-weeks of treatment
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: mm
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.25 ( 0.35 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Treatment Responder Rate

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    End point title
    Treatment Responder Rate
    End point description
    Comparison of change from baseline of treatment responder rate, defined as changes in knee pain and/or knee function and/or disease activity, following 8- or 24-weeks of treatment with WOBENZYM® versus placebo in in modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    8- or 24-weeks of treatment
    End point values
    WOBENZYM® versus Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    43
    Units: N/A
    least squares mean (standard error)
        GEE analysis
    0.37 ( 0.32 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    Treatment-emergent AEs were assessed from the start of dosing with study drug (Visit 1) through the entire study
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    18.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    WOBENZYM
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    -

    Serious adverse events
    WOBENZYM Placebo
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 45 (0.00%)
    1 / 45 (2.22%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    Cardiac disorders
    Cardiac fibrillation
    alternative assessment type: Non-systematic
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 45 (0.00%)
    1 / 45 (2.22%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 1%
    Non-serious adverse events
    WOBENZYM Placebo
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    34 / 45 (75.56%)
    39 / 45 (86.67%)
    Surgical and medical procedures
    Surgical and medical procedures
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 45 (4.44%)
    3 / 45 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    3
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Condition aggravated
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 45 (4.44%)
    3 / 45 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    5
    Oedema peripheral
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 45 (2.22%)
    3 / 45 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    3
    Reproductive system and breast disorders
    Reproductive system disorders
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 45 (6.67%)
    0 / 45 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Oropharyngeal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 45 (6.67%)
    0 / 45 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Psychiatric disorders
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 45 (8.89%)
    2 / 45 (4.44%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    3
    Investigations
    Investigations
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 45 (6.67%)
    3 / 45 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    4
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 45 (6.67%)
    6 / 45 (13.33%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    7
    Nervous system disorders
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 45 (8.89%)
    7 / 45 (15.56%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    11
    Migraine
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 45 (6.67%)
    6 / 45 (13.33%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    15
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Gastrointestinal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 45 (8.89%)
    0 / 45 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    0
    Diarrhea
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 45 (6.67%)
    5 / 45 (11.11%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    6
    Abdominal pain upper
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 45 (6.67%)
    5 / 45 (11.11%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    5
    Toothache
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 45 (6.67%)
    2 / 45 (4.44%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    5
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 45 (4.44%)
    3 / 45 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    3
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 45 (2.22%)
    3 / 45 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    8
    Abdominal discomfort
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 45 (0.00%)
    3 / 45 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    3
    Dyspepsia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 45 (0.00%)
    3 / 45 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    3
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Skin and subcutaneous disorders
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 45 (11.11%)
    3 / 45 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    6
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Arthralgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    15 / 45 (33.33%)
    14 / 45 (31.11%)
         occurrences all number
    70
    32
    Back pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 45 (13.33%)
    3 / 45 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    4
    Pain in extremity
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 45 (11.11%)
    5 / 45 (11.11%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    6
    Infections and infestations
    Nasopharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 45 (8.89%)
    1 / 45 (2.22%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    1
    COVID-19
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 45 (4.44%)
    3 / 45 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    3
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 45 (6.67%)
    2 / 45 (4.44%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    2

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    25 May 2021
    • Permitted the inclusion of participants taking low-dose (100 mg) aspirin that had no identifiable effect on their bleeding risk based on review of their medical history by the principal investigator. • Reduced the number of parameters assessed from watch data and specified analysis of mobility data comprising: heart rate, daily number of steps, stairs climbed, intensive activity minutes, and calories burned. It also described the requirement that the participant regularly download data from the activity watch. This reflected clarification of those data considered most pertinent to studying fitness and health in participants with osteoarthritis. • Removed the requirement to test eccentric 30°S hamstrings during isokinetic analyses. This reflected clarification of those data considered most pertinent to assessing muscle strength in participants with osteoarthritis. • Allowed for the optional collection of fecal samples for gut microbiome and metabolome analysis.
    23 May 2022
    • Replaced inflammatory aging clock with assessment of AGE biomarkers and CRPM to estimate chronic inflammation and inflammatory age respectively. • Specified that participants were to attend four or five study visits (up to Visit 5 or 6 respectively). This was due to challenges in participant recruitment during the global SARSCoV2 pandemic that had an associated impact on study timelines. As a result the study drug batch reached its expiry date (on 30 Sep 2022) before Visit 6 for the 6 participants recruited after February 2022. The potential for mitigating the issue by study drug re-supply was compromised by a global shortage at that time of pharmaceutical-grade bromelain. As a result, it was not possible for all participants to complete the study to Visit 6. Consequently, participants recruited after February 2022 were to exit the study at Visit 5 rather than Visit 6 as planned. • Specified the study duration as 22 to 24 weeks to support the primary objective and 40 weeks to support exploratory objectives. It was specified that participants would undergo an initial 8-week treatment period followed by a second 8-week treatment period for those recruited after February 2022 or 24-week treatment period for those recruited earlier.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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