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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Open Phase IV Study to Assess the Impact of Tirbanibulin on the Wellbeing of Patients With Actinic Keratoses (TIRBASKIN)

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2022-001251-16
    Trial protocol
    IT   ES  
    Global end of trial date
    19 Jan 2024

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    29 Jan 2025
    First version publication date
    29 Jan 2025
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    M-14789-42
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT05741294
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Almirall S.A.
    Sponsor organisation address
    Ronda General Mitre, 151, Barcelona, Spain, 08022
    Public contact
    Valentina Cappello, Almirall, S.A., +34 9329130000, valentina.cappello@almirall.com
    Scientific contact
    Valentina Cappello, Almirall, S.A., +34 9329130000, valentina.cappello@almirall.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    19 Jan 2024
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    No
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    19 Jan 2024
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    The main objective of this study was to assess treatment satisfaction on Day 57 in subjects with AK of the face or scalp following treatment with tirbanibulin ointment 1 percent (%) administered once daily for 5 consecutive days.
    Protection of trial subjects
    This trial was conducted in accordance with the recommendations guiding physicians in biomedical research involving human patients adopted by the 18th World Medical Assembly of Helsinki (1964), as amended in Fortaleza, Brazil (2013), as well as in compliance with ICH GCP E6 (R2) guidelines, and local laws of the Countries in which the trial centres were located.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    20 Jan 2023
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Italy: 72
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Spain: 262
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    334
    EEA total number of subjects
    334
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    38
    From 65 to 84 years
    264
    85 years and over
    32

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    This study was conducted at 37 sites in Europe (7 in Italy and 30 in Spain) from 20 January 2023 to 19 January 2024.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    A total of 340 subjects were screened, of which 334 subjects enrolled in this study.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall Subjects (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Non-randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Arm title
    Tirbanibulin 2.5 mg
    Arm description
    Subjects applied tirbanibulin ointment- topically at a dose of 2.5 milligrams (mg) once daily for 5 consecutive days on the face or scalp.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Tirbanibulin
    Investigational medicinal product code
    M-14789-42
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Ointment
    Routes of administration
    Cutaneous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Subjects applied tirbanibulin ointment- topically once daily to a contiguous area of up to 25 square centimeter (cm^2) area of the face or scalp.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Tirbanibulin 2.5 mg
    Started
    334
    Evaluable Population
    328
    LC-OCT Population
    12 [1]
    Safety Population
    334
    Completed
    327
    Not completed
    7
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    1
         Lost to follow-up
    3
         Protocol deviation
    3
    Notes
    [1] - The number of subjects at this milestone seems inconsistent with the number of subjects in the arm. It is expected that the number of subjects will be greater than, or equal to the number that completed, minus those who left.
    Justification: Milestones in this study were added as per the analysis population set.

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Tirbanibulin 2.5 mg
    Reporting group description
    Subjects applied tirbanibulin ointment- topically at a dose of 2.5 milligrams (mg) once daily for 5 consecutive days on the face or scalp.

    Reporting group values
    Tirbanibulin 2.5 mg Total
    Number of subjects
    334 334
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    74.9 ( 8.51 ) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    56 56
        Male
    278 278
    Race
    Units: Subjects
        Caucasian
    334 334

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Tirbanibulin 2.5 mg
    Reporting group description
    Subjects applied tirbanibulin ointment- topically at a dose of 2.5 milligrams (mg) once daily for 5 consecutive days on the face or scalp.

    Primary: Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication Version 9 (TSQM-9) Total Score of Each Components at Day 57

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    End point title
    Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication Version 9 (TSQM-9) Total Score of Each Components at Day 57 [1]
    End point description
    TSQM-9 was a 9-item clinically validated psychometric instrument developed from the TSQM 1.4. TSQM-9 measures subject satisfaction with the medication in 3 domains: Effectiveness, convenience, and global satisfaction. The scores were computed by adding items for each domain (1 to 3 for effectiveness, 4 to 6 for convenience, and 7 to 9 for global satisfaction). The lowest possible score (1 for each item and 3 for all 3 subscales) was subtracted from the composite score and divided by the greatest possible score range. The greatest range was (7-1) x 3 items = 18 for effectiveness and convenience, and (5-1) x 3 items = 12 for global satisfaction. This provided a transformed score between 0 and 1 that was multiplied by 100. TSQM-9 domain scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction for that domain. A positive change from baseline indicates improvement. Evaluable population.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    At Day 57
    Notes
    [1] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Only descriptive data was planned to be analyzed for this endpoint.
    End point values
    Tirbanibulin 2.5 mg
    Number of subjects analysed
    328
    Units: score on a scale
    arithmetic mean (confidence interval 95%)
        Effectiveness Total Score Value
    73.64 (71.28 to 76.01)
        Convenience Total Score Value
    82.81 (81.28 to 84.34)
        Global Satisfaction Total Score Value
    76.94 (74.89 to 78.99)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Skindex-16 Questionnaire Symptoms Sub-Score at Day 57

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Skindex-16 Questionnaire Symptoms Sub-Score at Day 57
    End point description
    Skindex-16 was used for subjects to rate skin conditions that have occurred within the previous week. The Skindex-16 consisted of 16 items that were divided into three sub-scores: Symptoms (four items, range 0-24), Emotions (seven items, range 0-42), and Functioning (five items, range 0-30). Subject were asked to respond on how much their skin condition bothered them in the week prior to administration of the Skindex-16. Each item was scored on a scale ranged from 0 (never bothered) to 6 (always bothered), where higher score indicated continued/more botheration. Item scores are transformed to 0 to 100 scale, and domain scores are calculated as the average of the item scores comprising the domain. Net positive changes in respective subscale scoring indicates improvement in that particular Quality of life assessment (i.e., Symptoms, Emotions, Functioning), while net negative changes in scoring indicates decrease in that particular Quality of life assessment. Evaluable population.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Day 57
    End point values
    Tirbanibulin 2.5 mg
    Number of subjects analysed
    328
    Units: score on a scale
    arithmetic mean (confidence interval 95%)
        Symptoms Sub-Score: Change at Day 57
    -10.49 (-12.55 to -8.44)
        Emotions Sub-Score: Change at Day 57
    -11.56 (-13.56 to -9.55)
        Functioning Sub-Score: Change at Day 57
    -2.49 (-3.98 to -1.00)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percentage of Subjects With Organoleptic Properties of Tirbanibulin Assessed on a Likert Scale at Day 8

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    End point title
    Percentage of Subjects With Organoleptic Properties of Tirbanibulin Assessed on a Likert Scale at Day 8
    End point description
    Likert scale was an instrument used to measure the individual's degree of agreement and disagreement with a variety of statements about some attitude, options, or their feelings. In this study, the product's organoleptic properties are evaluated with Likert scale. The questionnaire was built with questions related to the product's characteristics namely appearance, color, convenience, texture, smell, and the feelings experienced during drug application. The Likert scale offers 7 possible answers, from "totally agree",' In agreement", "Somewhat agree", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Something in disagreement", "In disagreement" and "totally in disagreement". Evaluable population. Here "number of subjects analyzed" signifies subjects who were evaluable for this endpoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At Day 8
    End point values
    Tirbanibulin 2.5 mg
    Number of subjects analysed
    327
    Units: Percentage of subjects
    number (confidence interval 95%)
        General appearance(good): Totally agree
    52.60 (43.75 to 61.34)
        General appearance(good): In agreement
    38.23 (29.91 to 47.04)
        General appearance(good): Somewhat agree
    3.06 (0.85 to 7.22)
        General appearance(good): Neither agree/disagree
    5.20 (2.11 to 10.15)
        Generalappearance(good): Something in disagreement
    0.31 (0.00 to 2.76)
        General appearance(good): In disagreement
    0.61 (0.00 to 3.36)
        General appearance(good): Totally in disagreement
    0.0 (0.0 to 0.0)
        Overall assessment: Totally agree
    36.70 (27.64 to 46.33)
        Overall assessment: In agreement
    38.53 (29.35 to 48.21)
        Overall assessment: Somewhat agree
    8.26 (3.75 to 14.57)
        Overall assessment: Neither agree/disagree
    10.40 (5.28 to 17.23)
        Overall assessment: Something in disagreement
    1.53 (0.00 to 5.18)
        Overall assessment: In disagreement
    3.36 (0.74 to 8.01)
        Overall assessment: Totally in disagreement
    1.22 (0.00 to 4.66)
        Would recommend: Totally agree
    34.86 (25.95 to 44.43)
        Would recommend: In agreement
    33.64 (24.83 to 43.15)
        Would recommend: Somewhat agree
    5.81 (2.13 to 11.40)
        Would recommend: Neither agree/disagree
    18.04 (11.25 to 26.22)
        Would recommend: Something in disagreement
    1.22 (0.00 to 4.66)
        Would recommend: In disagreement
    3.06 (0.59 to 7.56)
        Would recommend: Totally in disagreement
    3.36 (0.74 to 8.01)
        Color: Totally agree
    36.70 (29.37 to 44.55)
        Color: In agreement
    36.09 (28.80 to 43.92)
        Color: Somewhat agree
    5.81 (2.90 to 10.47)
        Color: Neither agree/disagree
    20.80 (14.96 to 27.79)
        Color: Something in disagreement
    0.0 (0.0 to 0.0)
        Color: In disagreement
    0.61 (0.02 to 3.17)
        Color: Totally in disagreement
    0.0 (0.0 to 0.0)
        Texture (Nice): Totally agree
    48.93 (40.14 to 57.76)
        Texture (Nice): In agreement
    40.37 (31.92 to 49.21)
        Texture (Nice): Somewhat agree
    5.20 (2.11 to 10.15)
        Texture (Nice): Neither agree/disagree
    4.28 (1.54 to 8.93)
        Texture (Nice): Something in disagreement
    0.61 (0.00 to 3.36)
        Texture (Nice): In disagreement
    0.61 (0.00 to 3.36)
        Texture (Nice): Totally in disagreement
    0.00 (0.00 to 0.00)
        Texture (Watery): Totally agree
    12.84 (7.12 to 20.18)
        Texture (Watery): In agreement
    18.65 (11.76 to 26.91)
        Texture (Watery): Somewhat agree
    9.79 (4.83 to 16.48)
        Texture (Watery): Neither agree/disagree
    15.90 (9.52 to 23.76)
        Texture (Watery): Something in disagreement
    8.26 (3.75 to 14.57)
        Texture (Watery): In disagreement
    19.88 (12.77 to 28.29)
        Texture (Watery): Totally in disagreement
    14.68 (8.54 to 22.34)
        Texture (oily): Totally agree
    11.31 (5.96 to 18.35)
        Texture (oily): In agreement
    15.90 (9.52 to 23.76)
        Texture (oily): Somewhat agree
    9.48 (4.61 to 16.10)
        Texture (oily): Neither agree/disagree
    16.82 (10.26 to 24.82)
        Texture (oily): Something in disagreement
    6.73 (2.72 to 12.61)
        Texture (oily): In disagreement
    20.49 (13.28 to 28.97)
        Texture (oily): Totally in disagreement
    19.27 (12.26 to 27.60)
        Texture (creamy): Totally agree
    40.06 (30.78 to 49.77)
        Texture (creamy): In agreement
    41.28 (31.93 to 51.01)
        Texture (creamy): Somewhat agree
    7.03 (2.92 to 13.00)
        Texture (creamy): Neither agree/disagree
    7.34 (3.13 to 13.40)
        Texture (creamy): Something in disagreement
    1.53 (0.00 to 5.18)
        Texture (creamy): In disagreement
    1.83 (0.08 to 5.68)
        Texture (creamy): Totally in disagreement
    0.92 (0.00 to 4.11)
        Skin was greasy: Totally agree
    12.84 (7.12 to 20.18)
        Skin was greasy: In agreement
    25.08 (17.20 to 34.03)
        Skin was greasy: Somewhat agree
    14.68 (8.54 to 22.34)
        Skin was greasy: Neither agree/disagree
    8.56 (3.96 to 14.95)
        Skin was greasy: Something in disagreement
    3.98 (1.06 to 8.89)
        Skin was greasy: In disagreement
    17.13 (10.50 to 25.17)
        Skin was greasy: Totally in disagreement
    17.74 (11.00 to 25.87)
        Product smell: Totally agree
    23.85 (16.14 to 32.70)
        Product smell: In agreement
    23.55 (15.88 to 32.36)
        Product smell: Somewhat agree
    7.65 (3.33 to 13.79)
        Product smell: Neither agree/disagree
    42.51 (33.09 to 52.25)
        Product smell: Something in disagreement
    0.61 (0.00 to 3.53)
        Product smell: In disagreement
    0.92 (0.00 to 4.11)
        Product smell: Totally in disagreement
    0.92 (0.00 to 4.11)
        Pleasant product: Totally agree
    27.22 (19.07 to 36.35)
        Pleasant product: In agreement
    30.28 (21.79 to 39.61)
        Pleasant product: Somewhat agree
    10.70 (5.50 to 17.60)
        Pleasant product: Neither agree/disagree
    21.10 (13.80 to 29.66)
        Pleasant product: Something in disagreement
    1.83 (0.08 to 5.68)
        Pleasant product: In disagreement
    5.50 (1.95 to 10.99)
        Pleasant product: Totally in disagreement
    3.36 (0.74 to 8.01)
        Product refreshing: Totally agree
    18.35 (11.50 to 26.56)
        Product refreshing: In agreement
    20.80 (13.54 to 29.32)
        Product refreshing: Somewhat agree
    11.31 (5.96 to 18.35)
        Product refreshing: Neither agree/disagree
    22.94 (15.36 to 31.69)
        Product refreshing: Something in disagreement
    5.81 (2.13 to 11.40)
        Product refreshing: In disagreement
    10.09 (5.06 to 16.86)
        Product refreshing: Totally in disagreement
    10.70 (5.50 to 17.60)
        Protective feeling: Totally agree
    20.80 (13.54 to 29.32)
        Protective feeling: In agreement
    25.38 (17.47 to 34.36)
        Protective feeling: Somewhat agree
    9.48 (4.61 to 16.10)
        Protective feeling: Neither agree/disagree
    30.28 (21.79 to 39.61)
        Protective feeling: Something in disagreement
    3.06 (0.59 to 7.56)
        Protective feeling: In disagreement
    5.81 (2.13 to 11.40)
        Protective feeling: Totally in disagreement
    5.20 (1.76 to 10.58)
        Easy to apply: Totally agree
    66.36 (56.85 to 75.17)
        Easy to apply: In agreement
    27.22 (19.07 to 36.35)
        Easy to apply: Somewhat agree
    3.67 (0.89 to 8.45)
        Easy to apply: Neither agree/disagree
    0.92 (0.00 to 4.11)
        Easy to apply: Something in disagreement
    0.92 (0.00 to 4.11)
        Easy to apply: In disagreement
    0.31 (0.00 to 2.90)
        Easy to apply: Totally in disagreement
    0.61 (0.00 to 3.53)
        Product distributed: Totally agree
    64.53 (55.79 to 72.66)
        Product distributed: In agreement
    29.05 (21.48 to 37.50)
        Product distributed: Somewhat agree
    4.28 (1.54 to 8.93)
        Product distributed: Neither agree/disagree
    0.61 (0.00 to 3.36)
        Product distributed: Something in disagreement
    0.92 (0.00 to 3.91)
        Product distributed: In disagreement
    0.61 (0.00 to 3.36)
        Product distributed: Totally in disagreement
    0.0 (0.0 to 0.0)
        Application area: Totally agree
    57.19 (47.44 to 66.62)
        Application area: In agreement
    29.97 (21.52 to 39.29)
        Application area: Somewhat agree
    6.12 (2.33 to 11.81)
        Application area: Neither agree/disagree
    2.75 (0.44 to 7.11)
        Application area: Something in disagreement
    2.14 (0.19 to 6.17)
        Application area: In disagreement
    0.61 (0.00 to 3.53)
        Application area: Totally in disagreement
    1.22 (0.00 to 4.66)
        Product packaging: Totally agree
    50.76 (41.06 to 60.43)
        Product packaging: In agreement
    33.94 (25.11 to 43.47)
        Product packaging: Somewhat agree
    6.12 (2.33 to 11.81)
        Product packaging: Neither agree/disagree
    3.06 (0.59 to 7.56)
        Product packaging: Something in disagreement
    2.14 (0.19 to 6.17)
        Product packaging: In disagreement
    3.36 (0.74 to 8.01)
        Product packaging: Totally in disagreement
    0.61 (0.00 to 3.53)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication Version 1.4 (TSQM 1.4) Components Scores at Day 57

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    End point title
    Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication Version 1.4 (TSQM 1.4) Components Scores at Day 57
    End point description
    TSQM 1.4 was a 14-item robust instrument that psychometrically evaluates the treatment satisfaction of the administered medication. The instrument is designed with 4 scales consisting of 14 questions. These 14 questions were derived from an original set of 55 questions extracted from exhaustive literature review and treatment groups through multistep iterative process. The 4 scales focused on effectiveness (questions: 1-3), side effects (questions: 4-8), convenience (questions: 9-11), global satisfaction (questions:12-14). Global Satisfaction- Question 12 scored as 1 (not at all confident) to 5 (extremely confident); question 13 scored as 1 (not at all certain) to 5 (extremely certain); and question 14 scored as 1 (extremely dissatisfied) to 7 (extremely satisfied). The scores of the domain were added together and an algorithm was used to create a score of 0 to 100. Higher scores indicated greater satisfaction. Evaluable population.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At Day 57
    End point values
    Tirbanibulin 2.5 mg
    Number of subjects analysed
    328
    Units: score on a scale
    arithmetic mean (confidence interval 95%)
        Effectiveness score value at Day 57
    73.64 (71.28 to 76.01)
        Convenience score value at Day 57
    82.81 (81.28 to 84.34)
        Side Effects score value at Day 57
    97.47 (96.59 to 98.34)
        Global satisfaction score value at Day 57
    76.94 (74.89 to 78.99)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percentage of Patients who Answered Expert Panel Questionnaire (EPQ) (Question 1 to Question 9) at Day 57

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    End point title
    Percentage of Patients who Answered Expert Panel Questionnaire (EPQ) (Question 1 to Question 9) at Day 57
    End point description
    Expert panel on consensus developed a questionnaire directed to patients consisting of 9 simple items using a qualitative modified delphi method and agreed to ask 9 specific items; 1: Overall appearance of the skin (much worse to much improved); 2: Treatment satisfaction of skin looks (extremely dissatisfied to extremely satisfied); 3: Treatment satisfaction of skin texture (extremely dissatisfied to extremely satisfied); 4: Duration of skin reactions (much shorter to much longer); 5: rate the severity of skin reactions (much better to much worse); 6: impact on your daily activities due to skin reactions (much better to much worse); 7: rate the convenience/ease of use (much better to much worse); 8: rate your overall satisfaction (much better to much worse); 9: You need to be retreated for AK, how likely are you to consider tirbanibulin (very unlikely to very likely). Evaluable population. Here, "n" signifies subjects who were evaluable at specific category.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At Day 57
    End point values
    Tirbanibulin 2.5 mg
    Number of subjects analysed
    328
    Units: Percentage of patients
    number (confidence interval 95%)
        Overall appearance: Much worse (n=318)
    0.31 (0.00 to 2.68)
        Overall appearance: Somewhat worse (n=318)
    0.31 (0.00 to 2.68)
        Overall appearance: No change (n=318)
    6.92 (3.66 to 11.94)
        Overall appearance: Somewhat improved (n=318)
    24.84 (18.45 to 32.27)
        Overall appearance: Much improved (n=318)
    67.61 (59.78 to 74.72)
        Skin look: Extremely Dissatisfied (n=318)
    0 (0 to 0)
        Skin look: Very Dissatisfied (n=318)
    0.63 (0.00 to 3.45)
        Skin look: Dissatisfied (n=318)
    2.83 (0.71 to 6.97)
        Skin look: Somewhat Satisfied (n=318)
    7.23 (3.43 to 12.86)
        Skin look: Satisfied (n=318)
    25.79 (18.47 to 34.14)
        Skin look: Very Satisfied (n=318)
    30.19 (22.40 to 38.82)
        Skin look: Extremely Satisfied (n=318)
    33.33 (25.26 to 42.12)
        Skin texture: Extremely Dissatisfied (n=321)
    0 (0 to 0)
        Skin texture: Very Dissatisfied (n=321)
    1.25 (0.05 to 4.51)
        Skin texture: Dissatisfied (n=321)
    2.80 (0.70 to 6.91)
        Skin texture: Somewhat Satisfied (n=321)
    7.17 (3.40 to 12.75)
        Skin texture: Satisfied (n=321)
    30.84 (23.03 to 39.47)
        Skin texture: Very Satisfied (n=321)
    27.73 (20.23 to 36.17)
        Skin texture: Extremely Satisfied (n=321)
    36.17 (22.46 to 38.81)
        Duration of skin reactions: Much shorter (n=186)
    44.62 (34.53 to 55.09)
        Duration of skin reactions:Somewhatshorter (n=186)
    23.66 (15.73 to 33.40)
        Duration of skin reactions: Same (n=186)
    18.82 (11.74 to 28.04)
        Duration of skin reactions:Somewhatlonger (n=186)
    9.14 (4.42 to 16.67)
        Duration of skin reactions: Much longer (n=186)
    3.76 (1.11 to 9.60)
        Severity (skin reactions): Much better (n=187)
    51.34 (40.98 to 61.60)
        Severity (skin reactions): Somewhat better (n=187)
    21.93 (14.30 to 31.47)
        Severity (skin reactions): Same (n=187)
    16.58 (9.97 to 25.48)
        Severity (skin reactions): Somewhat worse (n=187)
    8.02 (3.68 to 15.24)
        Severity (skin reactions): Much worse (n=187)
    2.14 (0.37 to 7.18)
        Daily activities: Much better (n=189)
    49.74 (39.48 to 60.00)
        Daily activities: Somewhat better (n=189)
    13.76 (7.81 to 22.16)
        Daily activities: Same (n=189)
    31.75 (22.79 to 41.94)
        Daily activities: Somewhat worse (n=189)
    3.70 (1.09 to 9.46)
        Daily activities: Much worse (n=189)
    1.06 (0.04 to 5.39)
        Convenience/ease: Much better (n=207)
    57.97 (48.02 to 67.42)
        Convenience/ease: Somewhat better (n=207)
    19.81 (12.86 to 28.63)
        Convenience/ease: Same (n=207)
    19.81 (12.86 to 28.63)
        Convenience/ease: Somewhat worse (n=207)
    1.93 (0.34 to 6.51)
        Convenience/ease: Much worse (n=207)
    0.48 (0.00 to 4.08)
        Overall satisfaction: Much better (n=209)
    60.29 (50.40 to 69.54)
        Overall satisfaction: Somewhat better (n=209)
    21.53 (14.32 to 30.49)
        Overall satisfaction: Same (n=209)
    13.40 (7.77 to 21.28)
        Overall satisfaction: Somewhat worse (n=209)
    3.83 (1.24 to 9.26)
        Overall satisfaction: Much worse (n=209)
    0.96 (0.04 to 4.89)
        Retreated for AK: Very unlikely (n=328)
    3.66 (1.49 to 7.67)
        Retreated for AK: Somewhat unlikely (n=328)
    2.44 (0.78 to 5.98)
        Retreated for AK: Neutral (n=328)
    7.62 (4.21 to 12.72)
        Retreated for AK: Somewhat likely (n=328)
    18.60 (13.08 to 25.37)
        Retreated for AK: Very likely (n=328)
    67.68 (59.98 to 74.69)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percentage of Physician Who Answered Expert Panel Questionnaire (EPQ) (Question 1 to Question 10) at Day 57

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    End point title
    Percentage of Physician Who Answered Expert Panel Questionnaire (EPQ) (Question 1 to Question 10) at Day 57
    End point description
    Expert panel on consensus developed a questionnaire directed to physicians consisting of 10 simple items using a qualitative modified delphi method and agreed to ask 10 specific items-1: Overall appearance of the skin (much worse to much improved); 2: Treatment satisfaction of skin looks (extremely dissatisfied-extremely satisfied); 3: Treatment satisfaction of skin texture (extremely dissatisfied-extremely satisfied); 4: Duration of skin reactions (much shorter-much longer); 5: rate the severity of skin reactions (much better-much worse); 6: impact on patient's daily activities due to skin reactions (much better-much worse); 7: rate the convenience/ease of use (much better-much worse); 8: rate your overall satisfaction (much better-much worse); 9: patient needs to be retreated for AK, how likely to consider tirbanibulin (very unlikely-very likely);10: severity of skin photodamage in the original AK treated area (absent-severe). Evaluable population.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At Day 57
    End point values
    Tirbanibulin 2.5 mg
    Number of subjects analysed
    326
    Units: Percentage of physician
    number (confidence interval 95%)
        Overall appearance: Much worse (n=326)
    1.23 (0.21 to 4.19)
        Overall appearance: Somewhat worse (n=326)
    1.23 (0.21 to 4.19)
        Overall appearance: No change (n=326)
    1.23 (0.21 to 4.19)
        Overall appearance: Somewhat improved (n=326)
    21.78 (15.81 to 28.87)
        Overall appearance: Much improved (n=326)
    74.54 (67.17 to 80.93)
        Skin look: Extremely Dissatisfied (n=324)
    0.31 (0.00 to 2.93)
        Skin look: Very Dissatisfied (n=324)
    0.31 (0.00 to 2.93)
        Skin look: Dissatisfied (n=324)
    0.31 (0.00 to 2.93)
        Skin look: Somewhat Satisfied (n=324)
    6.79 (2.75 to 12.72)
        Skin look: Satisfied (n=324)
    25.31 (17.37 to 34.33)
        Skin look: Very Satisfied (n=324)
    31.48 (22.84 to 40.93)
        Skin look: Extremely Satisfied (n=324)
    35.49 (26.49 to 45.13)
        Skin texture: Extremely Dissatisfied (n=325)
    0.31 (0.00 to 2.92)
        Skin texture: Very Dissatisfied (n=325)
    0.31 (0.00 to 2.92)
        Skin texture: Dissatisfied (n=325)
    0.92 (0.00 to 4.14)
        Skin texture: Somewhat Satisfied (n=325)
    6.77 (2.74 to 12.68)
        Skin texture: Satisfied (n=325)
    27.69 (19.47 to 36.89)
        Skin texture: Very Satisfied (n=325)
    32.92 (24.16 to 42.43)
        Skin texture: Extremely Satisfied (n=325)
    31.08 (22.49 to 40.49)
        Duration of skin reactions: Much shorter (n=223)
    60.09 (50.51 to 69.08)
        Duration of skin reactions:Somewhatshorter (n=223)
    27.35 (19.54 to 36.48)
        Duration of skin reactions: Same (n=223)
    8.52 (4.29 to 15.14)
        Duration of skin reactions:Somewhatlonger (n=223)
    3.14 (0.92 to 8.06)
        Duration of skin reactions: Much longer (n=223)
    0.90 (0.03 to 4.60)
        Severity (skin reactions): Much better (n=222)
    64.86 (55.36 to 73.15)
        Severity (skin reactions): Somewhat better (n=222)
    22.07 (14.96 to 30.80)
        Severity (skin reactions): Same (n=222)
    9.01 (4.63 to 15.76)
        Severity (skin reactions): Somewhat worse (n=222)
    3.60 (1.16 to 8.74)
        Severity (skin reactions): Much worse (n=222)
    0.45 (0.00 to 3.81)
        Daily activities: Much better (n=214)
    59.81 (50.04 to 69.00)
        Daily activities: Somewhat better (n=214)
    19.63 (12.81 to 28.27)
        Daily activities: Same (n=214)
    19.63 (12.81 to 28.27)
        Daily activities: Somewhat worse (n=214)
    0.47 (0.00 to 3.95)
        Daily activities: Much worse (n=214)
    0.47 (0.00 to 3.95)
        Convenience/ease: Much better (n=225)
    65.78 (57.55 to 73.16)
        Convenience/ease: Somewhat better (n=225)
    25.33 (18.82 to 33.17)
        Convenience/ease: Same (n=225)
    5.33 (2.66 to 10.42)
        Convenience/ease: Somewhat worse (n=225)
    3.56 (1.52 to 8.10)
        Convenience/ease: Much worse (n=225)
    0.0 (0.00 to 0.00)
        Overall satisfaction: Much better (n=227)
    50.66 (41.25 to 60.03)
        Overall satisfaction: Somewhat better (n=227)
    37.00 (28.30 to 46.45)
        Overall satisfaction: Same (n=227)
    11.01 (6.14 to 18.11)
        Overall satisfaction: Somewhat worse (n=227)
    0.88 (0.03 to 4.52)
        Overall satisfaction: Much worse (n=227)
    0.44 (0.00 to 3.73)
        Retreated for AK: Very unlikely (n=326)
    3.68 (1.50 to 7.71)
        Retreated for AK: Somewhat unlikely (n=326)
    1.53 (0.34 to 4.66)
        Retreated for AK: Neutral (n=326)
    7.67 (4.24 to 12.79)
        Retreated for AK: Somewhat likely (n=326)
    23.01 (16.89 to 30.20)
        Retreated for AK: Very likely (n=326)
    64.11 (56.26 to 71.39)
        Skin photodamage: Absent (n=326)
    24.85 (19.38 to 31.26)
        Skin photodamage: Mild (n=326)
    46.63 (39.85 to 53.53)
        Skin photodamage: Moderate (n=326)
    27.61 (21.89 to 34.17)
        Skin photodamage: Severe (n=326)
    0.92 (0.24 to 3.44)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percentage of Subjects With Complete (100%) Clearance of All Lesions Within the Application Area at Day 57

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    End point title
    Percentage of Subjects With Complete (100%) Clearance of All Lesions Within the Application Area at Day 57
    End point description
    Complete clearance of all AK lesions within the application area, is defined as a reduction from baseline in the number of lesions = 100% at Day 57. Percentage of subjects with complete clearance with a reduction of 100% (i.e., clearance percentage = 100% from Baseline) in the number of lesions within the application area were reported. Evaluable population.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At Day 57
    End point values
    Tirbanibulin 2.5 mg
    Number of subjects analysed
    328
    Units: Percentage of subjects
        number (confidence interval 95%)
    54.27 (48.71 to 59.75)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percentage of Subjects With Partial Clearance (Reduction of at Least >=75% to <100%) of All Lesions Within the Application Area at Day 57

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    End point title
    Percentage of Subjects With Partial Clearance (Reduction of at Least >=75% to <100%) of All Lesions Within the Application Area at Day 57
    End point description
    Subjects with partial clearance were patients with a reduction of >=75% (i.e., clearance percentage <=-75% from Baseline) to <100% in the number of lesions within the application area at final visit. Evaluable population.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At Day 57
    End point values
    Tirbanibulin 2.5 mg
    Number of subjects analysed
    328
    Units: Percentage of subjects
        number (confidence interval 95%)
    22.56 (18.15 to 27.47)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percent Change From Baseline in Mean Number of Old and New AK Lesions at Day 57

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    End point title
    Percent Change From Baseline in Mean Number of Old and New AK Lesions at Day 57
    End point description
    Percent change from baseline in number of old and new AK lesions at Day 57 was reported. Number of lesions at Day 57 was calculated considering both old and new lesions, as: N lesions at Baseline - N lesions at Day 57/ N lesions at Baseline * 100%. Evaluable population.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At Day 57
    End point values
    Tirbanibulin 2.5 mg
    Number of subjects analysed
    328
    Units: Percent change
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    -82.22 ( 26.367 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percentage of Subjects by Olsen characterization at Baseline and Day 57

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    End point title
    Percentage of Subjects by Olsen characterization at Baseline and Day 57
    End point description
    The lesions in the identified treatment area will be classified based on Olsen characterization. Classification of AK lesions according to Olsen grade of baseline lesions: Olsen Grade I: Early AK appear as single or few, differently sized, rough, blurred, less visible than palpable, red, rough spots or very flat, non-edged plaques which reach into the reddish color; Olsen grade II: describes advanced AK as clearly visible and palpable, flat, and irregularly raised, with sharp or blurred boundaries, red, rough keratinized surface. If the surface is more strongly keratinized, the AK can also be white, yellow, or light brown. After scratching effects, a black or blue-black shade may appear; Olsen grade III: denotes "late" AK that have existed for a longer period of time and are firmly anchored on the lower surface, with an irregular, humpy surface, also wart-like and of different colors (white, brown, black). Evaluable population.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline (Day 0) and Day 57
    End point values
    Tirbanibulin 2.5 mg
    Number of subjects analysed
    328
    Units: Percentage of subjects
    number (confidence interval 95%)
        Olsen Grade I: Baseline
    62.80 (54.95 to 70.15)
        Olsen Grade I: Day 57
    39.33 (30.95 to 48.15)
        Olsen Grade II: Baseline
    8.84 (5.12 to 14.19)
        Olsen Grade II: Day 57
    3.66 (1.18 to 8.06)
        Olsen Grade III: Baseline
    0 (0 to 0)
        Olsen Grade III: Day 57
    0.30 (0.00 to 2.75)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percentage of Subjects Who Performed Line-field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography (LC-OCT) for Clinical and Sub Clinical Lesions Assessment at Each Timepoint

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    End point title
    Percentage of Subjects Who Performed Line-field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography (LC-OCT) for Clinical and Sub Clinical Lesions Assessment at Each Timepoint
    End point description
    LC-OCT was a novel non-invasive imaging technique that enables in vivo visualization of the skin. It has been used for diagnosing and monitoring the treatment of skin disorders, including actinic keratosis. The use of LC-OCT in AK treatment progression allows for lesion classification based on histological features without the need for a biopsy. The histopathology of the skin was evaluated based on the estimated atypia score at cellular level of the LC-OCT images of clinical and subclinical lesions. Percentage of participants who performed LC-OCT for clinical and subclinical lesions assessment at each timepoint were reported. LC-OCT population consisted of FAS participants who performed at least one valid LC-OCT assessment.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Day 8, Day 15, Day 29, and Day 57
    End point values
    Tirbanibulin 2.5 mg
    Number of subjects analysed
    12
    Units: Percentage of subjects
    number (not applicable)
        At Baseline
    100.00
        At Day 8
    91.67
        At Day 15
    91.67
        At Day 29
    91.67
        At Day 57
    100.00
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Number of Subjects With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Severity of TEAEs

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    End point title
    Number of Subjects With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Severity of TEAEs
    End point description
    An adverse event (AE) is as any untoward medical occurrence associated with the use of an intervention in humans after providing written informed consent for subjects in the study until the end of study visit, whether considered intervention-related or not. A TEAE is defined as an AE with an onset that occurs after receiving study drug. Severity of TEAEs is graded as follows: Grade 1 Mild; asymptomatic or mild symptoms; clinical or diagnostic observations only; intervention not indicated. Grade 2 Moderate; minimal, local or noninvasive intervention indicated; limiting age-appropriate activities of daily living. Grade 3 Severe or medically significant but not immediately life-threatening; hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization indicated; disabling; limiting self-care activities of daily living. Grade 4 Life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated. Safety population consisted of FAS subjects.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From start of study administration up to Day 57
    End point values
    Tirbanibulin 2.5 mg
    Number of subjects analysed
    334
    Units: Subjects
        Subjects with TEAEs
    153
        Severity of TEAEs: Grade 1
    131
        Severity of TEAEs: Grade 2
    17
        Severity of TEAEs: Grade 3
    3
        Severity of TEAEs: Grade 4
    1
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    From start of study administration up to Day 57
    Assessment type
    Non-systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    26.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Tirbanibulin 2.5 mg
    Reporting group description
    Participants applied tirbanibulin ointment- topically at a dose of 2.5 mg once daily for 5 consecutive days on the face or scalp.

    Serious adverse events
    Tirbanibulin 2.5 mg
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 334 (0.00%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Tirbanibulin 2.5 mg
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    153 / 334 (45.81%)
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Basal cell carcinoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 334 (0.90%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Neoplasm
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 334 (0.30%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Vascular disorders
    Hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 334 (0.30%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Hypotension
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 334 (0.30%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Application site hypersensitivity
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 334 (0.60%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Application site pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 334 (0.90%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    Asthenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 334 (0.30%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Burning sensation
         subjects affected / exposed
    17 / 334 (5.09%)
         occurrences all number
    19
    Chills
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 334 (0.30%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Fatigue
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 334 (1.80%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    Inflammation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 334 (0.30%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    31 / 334 (9.28%)
         occurrences all number
    34
    Temperature intolerance
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 334 (0.30%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Tenderness
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 334 (0.30%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Immune system disorders
    Hypersensitivity
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 334 (1.80%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Contusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 334 (0.30%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Fall
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 334 (0.60%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Skin injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 334 (0.30%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Wound
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 334 (0.60%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Nervous system disorders
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 334 (0.60%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 334 (3.89%)
         occurrences all number
    13
    Paraesthesia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 334 (0.60%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Somnolence
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 334 (0.30%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Ear and labyrinth disorders
    Deafness neurosensory
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 334 (0.30%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Eye disorders
    Conjunctival haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 334 (0.30%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Eye swelling
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 334 (0.30%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Abdominal discomfort
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 334 (0.30%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 334 (0.60%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 334 (0.60%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 334 (0.30%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Blister
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 334 (1.50%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    Cellulite
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 334 (0.30%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Dermatitis allergic
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 334 (0.30%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Pain of skin
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 334 (0.30%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Paraesthesia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 334 (0.30%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Photodermatosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 334 (0.30%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Pruritus
         subjects affected / exposed
    92 / 334 (27.54%)
         occurrences all number
    96
    Skin burning sensation
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 334 (0.60%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Thermal burn
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 334 (1.20%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Back pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 334 (0.60%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Infections and infestations
    COVID-19
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 334 (0.30%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Conjunctivitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 334 (0.30%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Nasopharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 334 (0.60%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Pharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 334 (0.30%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Upper respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 334 (0.30%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Gout
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 334 (0.30%)
         occurrences all number
    1

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? No

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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