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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A 6-Month, Open-Label, Flexible-Dosage (150 to 200 mg/day) Extension Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Armodafinil Treatment as Adjunctive Therapy in Adults With Major Depression Associated With Bipolar I Disorder

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2009-016648-38
    Trial protocol
    FR   BG   ES   DE   FI   SK   HU   IT  
    Global end of trial date
    09 Oct 2013

    Results information
    Results version number
    v2(current)
    This version publication date
    17 Jul 2016
    First version publication date
    26 Jun 2015
    Other versions
    v1 (removed from public view)
    Version creation reason
    • Correction of full data set
    QC'd, no differences found

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    C10953/3074
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT01121536
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc.
    Sponsor organisation address
    41 Moores Road, Frazer, PA, United States, 19355-1113
    Public contact
    Director, Clinical Research, Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc., 1 215-591-3000, ustevatrials@tevapharm.com
    Scientific contact
    Director, Clinical Research, Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc., 1 215-591-3000, ustevatrials@tevapharm.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    30 Jun 2014
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    No
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    09 Oct 2013
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of long term (6 months) armodafinil treatment as adjunctive therapy to mood-stabilizing medications in adults with bipolar I disorder whose most recent episode was a depressive episode.
    Protection of trial subjects
    This study was conducted in full accordance with the Good Clinical Practice (GCP): Consolidated Guideline approved by the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) and any applicable national and local laws and regulations (eg, Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] Title 21, Parts 11, 50, 54, 56, 312, and 314; European Union Directive 2001/20/EC, and 2005/28/EC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the implementation of good clinical practice in the conduct of clinical trials on medicinal products for human use). Information regarding any investigational study centers participating in this study that could not comply with these standards was documented. Written and/or oral information about the study was provided to all patients in a language understandable by the patients. The information included an adequate explanation of the aims, methods, anticipated benefits, potential hazards, and insurance arrangements in force. Written informed consent was obtained from each patient before any study procedures or assessments were done. It was explained to the patients that they were free to refuse entry into the study and free to withdraw from the study at any time without prejudice to future treatment. Each patient’s willingness to participate in the study was documented in writing in a consent form that was signed by the patient with the date of that signature indicated. Each investigator kept the original consent forms, and copies were given to the patients.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    22 Apr 2010
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Poland: 90
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Slovakia: 7
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Spain: 8
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Bulgaria: 47
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    France: 19
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Germany: 3
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Hungary: 17
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Italy: 3
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Argentina: 73
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Australia: 11
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Brazil: 6
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Canada: 9
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Croatia: 10
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Serbia: 30
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Ukraine: 123
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United States: 382
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    South Africa: 29
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    867
    EEA total number of subjects
    204
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    862
    From 65 to 84 years
    5
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    -

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    The final visit of the double-blind study (C10953/3071 [2009-016667-11], C10953/3072 [2009-016634-27], or C10953/3073 [2010-023623-26]) serves as the enrollment visit for this study.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall Trial (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Not applicable
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Arm title
    Armodafinil 150-200 mg/Day
    Arm description
    Participants began taking armodafinil at a dosage of 50 mg/day; the dosage was increased by 50 mg/day on days 2 and 4, up to a dosage of 150 mg/day. At the discretion of the investigator, the dosage of armodafinil may be increased to 200 mg/day on day 6 or thereafter, and reduced to 150mg/day if the higher dose is not well tolerated. Treatment was administered for six months.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    armodafinil
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    CEP-10953, Nuvigil
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Armodafinil tablets, taken orally, once daily in the morning. Participants began taking armodafinil at a dosage of 50 mg/day; the dosage was increased by 50 mg/day on days 2 and 4, up to a dosage of 150 mg/day. At the discretion of the investigator, the dosage of armodafinil may be increased to 200 mg/day on day 6 or thereafter, and reduced to 150mg/day if the higher dose is not well tolerated. Treatment was administered for six months.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Armodafinil 150-200 mg/Day
    Started
    867
    Safety population
    863
    Full analysis population
    859
    Completed
    506
    Not completed
    361
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    65
         Adverse event, non-fatal
    63
         Not specified
    118
         Noncompliance with study drug administration
    12
         Noncompliance with study procedures
    9
         Lost to follow-up
    39
         Lack of efficacy
    35
         Protocol deviation
    20

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Overall Trial
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group values
    Overall Trial Total
    Number of subjects
    867 867
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    0
        From 65-84 years
    0
        85 years and over
    0
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    44.2 ± 10.96 -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    525 525
        Male
    342 342
    Ethnicity
    Units: Subjects
        Hispanic or Latino
    91 91
        Not Hispanic or Latino
    752 752
        Unknown
    24 24
    Race
    Units: Subjects
        American Indian or Alaska Native
    1 1
        Asian
    10 10
        Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
    1 1
        Black or African American
    118 118
        White
    709 709
        Unknown or Not Reported
    28 28
    Weight
    Units: kg
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    83.7 ± 19.75 -
    Height
    Units: cm
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    168.8 ± 9.54 -
    Body Mass Index
    Units: kg/m^2
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    29.4 ± 6.43 -

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Armodafinil 150-200 mg/Day
    Reporting group description
    Participants began taking armodafinil at a dosage of 50 mg/day; the dosage was increased by 50 mg/day on days 2 and 4, up to a dosage of 150 mg/day. At the discretion of the investigator, the dosage of armodafinil may be increased to 200 mg/day on day 6 or thereafter, and reduced to 150mg/day if the higher dose is not well tolerated. Treatment was administered for six months.

    Primary: Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAE)

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    End point title
    Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) [1]
    End point description
    AEs were graded by the investigator for severity on a three-point scale: mild, moderate and severe. Causality is graded as either related or not related. A serious adverse event (SAE) is an AE resulting in death, a life-threatening adverse event, hospitalization, a persistent or significant disability/incapacity, a congenital anomaly/birth defect, or an important medical event that may require medical intervention to prevent any of the previous results. Protocol-defined adverse events requiring expedited reporting included skin rash, hypersensitivity reaction, emergent suicidal ideation or suicide attempt, and psychosis.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Day 1 up to Month 6
    Notes
    [1] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: This extension study has a single treatment arm. As such, there are no formal statistical analyses done.
    End point values
    Armodafinil 150-200 mg/Day
    Number of subjects analysed
    863 [2]
    Units: participants
        >=1 adverse event
    423
        Severe adverse event
    26
        Treatment-related adverse event
    219
        Deaths
    0
        Other serious adverse events
    27
        Withdrawn from study due to adverse events
    57
        Protocol-defined adverse events
    19
    Notes
    [2] - Safety population
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormal Serum Chemistry Values

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    End point title
    Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormal Serum Chemistry Values [3]
    End point description
    Summary of serum chemistry tests in which at least one participant had a during study value that was clinically significant abnormal. The test name and criterion for clinically significant abnormal appear in each row. ULN=upper limit of normal Uric acid has a normal range of 125-494 μmol/L. Criterion for clinically significant abnormal are different for men and women. GGT = gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase with a normal range of 4-61 U/L ALT = alanine aminotransferase with a normal range of 6-43 U/L BUN = blood urea nitrogen with a normal range of 1.4-8.6 mmol/L AST = aspartate aminotransferase with a normal range of 9-36 U/L
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Day 1 to Month 6
    Notes
    [3] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: This extension study has a single treatment arm. As such, there are no formal statistical analyses done.
    End point values
    Armodafinil 150-200 mg/Day
    Number of subjects analysed
    763 [4]
    Units: participants
        >=1 clinical significant value
    41
        Uric Acid, M>=625, F>=506 μmol/L
    17
        GGT, >=3*ULN
    16
        ALT, >=3*ULN
    7
        BUN, >=10.71 mmol/L
    7
        AST, >=3*ULN
    3
    Notes
    [4] - Safety population with post-baseline serum chemistry assessments
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormal Hematology Values

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    End point title
    Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormal Hematology Values [5]
    End point description
    Summary of hematology tests in which at least one participant had a during study value that was clinically significant abnormal. The test name and criterion for clinically significant abnormal appear in each row. ULN=upper limit of normal WBC - white blood cell counts with a normal range of 3.8 t 10.7 10^9/L. Hemoglobin with a normal range of 115-181 g/L Hematocrit with a normal range of 0.34-0.54 L/L Platelet counts with a normal range of 130-400 10^9/L ANC= absolute neutrophil counts with a normal range of 1.96-7.23 10^9/L
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Day 1 to Month 6
    Notes
    [5] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: This extension study has a single treatment arm. As such, there are no formal statistical analyses done.
    End point values
    Armodafinil 150-200 mg/Day
    Number of subjects analysed
    757 [6]
    Units: participants
        >=1 clinical significant value
    13
        WBC, <=3*10^9/L
    5
        Hemoglobin, M<=115, F<=95 g/L
    4
        Hematocrit, M<0.37, F<0.32 L/L
    8
        Platelets, <=75*10^9/L
    1
        ANC, <=1*10^9/L
    2
    Notes
    [6] - Safety population with post-baseline hematology assessments
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormal Urinalysis Values

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    End point title
    Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormal Urinalysis Values [7]
    End point description
    Summary of urinalysis tests in which at least one participant had a during study value that was clinically significant abnormal. Criterion for clinically significant abnormal urinalysis tests was >=2 unit increase from baseline.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Day 1 to Month 6
    Notes
    [7] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: This extension study has a single treatment arm. As such, there are no formal statistical analyses done.
    End point values
    Armodafinil 150-200 mg/Day
    Number of subjects analysed
    761 [8]
    Units: participants
        >=1 clinical significant value
    28
        Urine hemoglobin
    22
        Urine glucose
    2
        Ketones
    2
        Urine total protein
    2
    Notes
    [8] - Safety population with post-baseline urinalysis assessments
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormal Vital Signs Values

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    End point title
    Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormal Vital Signs Values [9]
    End point description
    Summary of vital signs tests in which at least one participant had a during study value that was clinically significant abnormal. Criterion for clinically significant abnormal vital signs are based on FDA Neuropharmacological Division criteria: Pulse high: >=120 beats per minute (bpm) and increase of >=15 bpm from baseline Pulse low: <=50 bpm and decrease of >=15 bpm from baseline Sitting systolic blood pressure high: >=180 mm Hg and increase of >=20 mm HG from baseline Sitting systolic blood pressure low: <=90 mm Hg and decrease of >=20 mm HG from baseline Sitting diastolic blood pressure high: >=105 mm Hg and increase of >=15 mm HG from baseline Sitting diastolic blood pressure low: <=50 mm Hg and decrease of >=15 mm HG from baseline
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Day 1 to Month 6
    Notes
    [9] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: This extension study has a single treatment arm. As such, there are no formal statistical analyses done.
    End point values
    Armodafinil 150-200 mg/Day
    Number of subjects analysed
    860 [10]
    Units: participants
        >=1 clinical significant value
    19
        Pulse high
    2
        Pulse low
    2
        Sitting systolic blood pressure high
    3
        Sitting systolic blood pressure low
    8
        Sitting diastolic blood pressure high
    5
        Sitting diastolic blood pressure low
    2
    Notes
    [10] - Safety population with post-baseline vital signs assessments
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Values

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Values [11]
    End point description
    ECG was conducted at baseline which was before the first dose of study drug in the double-blind study, and at the month-6 visit of the open-label study (or early termination).
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Day 0 (baseline), Month 6 or last postbaseline observation
    Notes
    [11] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: This extension study has a single treatment arm. As such, there are no formal statistical analyses done.
    End point values
    Armodafinil 150-200 mg/Day
    Number of subjects analysed
    759 [12]
    Units: msec
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        PR interval
    0.2 ± 16.6
        QRS interval
    0 ± 7.03
        QT interval
    1.4 ± 25.66
        QTc interval Bazett
    2.2 ± 19.5
        QTc interval Fredericia
    1.9 ± 15.36
        RR interval
    -2.2 ± 137.98
    Notes
    [12] - Safety population of treated participants with both baseline and postbaseline ECG assessments
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Physical Examination Shifts From Baseline to Endpoint

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    End point title
    Physical Examination Shifts From Baseline to Endpoint [13]
    End point description
    Baseline is the day prior to double-blind treatment. Assessments are summarized as normal or abnormal. The first assessment is the baseline assessment followed by the endpoint assessment. For example 'normal/abnormal' indicates participants who were normal at baseline and abnormal at endpoint. HEENT = head, eyes, ears, nose and throat.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Day 0 (baseline), Month 6 (or last postbaseline observation)
    Notes
    [13] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: This extension study has a single treatment arm. As such, there are no formal statistical analyses done.
    End point values
    Armodafinil 150-200 mg/Day
    Number of subjects analysed
    863 [14]
    Units: participants
        General appearance; normal/normal
    714
        General appearance; normal/abnormal
    8
        General appearance; abnormal/normal
    23
        General appearance; abnormal/abnormal
    40
        HEENT: normal/normal
    753
        HEENT: normal/abnormal
    3
        HEENT: abnormal/normal
    15
        HEENT: abnormal/abnormal
    13
        Chest+lungs: normal/normal
    780
        Chest+lungs: normal/abnormal
    0
        Chest+lungs: abnormal/normal
    5
        Chest+lungs: abnormal/abnormal
    0
        Heart: normal/normal
    781
        Heart: normal/abnormal
    2
        Heart: abnormal/normal
    1
        Heart: abnormal/abnormal
    1
        Abdomen: normal/normal
    751
        Abdomen: normal/abnormal
    5
        Abdomen: abnormal/normal
    16
        Abdomen: abnormal/abnormal
    13
        Musculoskeletal: normal/normal
    756
        Musculoskeletal: normal/abnormal
    7
        Musculoskeletal: abnormal/normal
    11
        Musculoskeletal: abnormal/abnormal
    11
        Skin: normal/normal
    707
        Skin: normal/abnormal
    9
        Skin: abnormal/normal
    41
        Skin: abnormal/abnormal
    28
        Lymph nodes: normal/normal
    779
        Lymph nodes: normal/abnormal
    0
        Lymph nodes: abnormal/normal
    0
        Lymph nodes: abnormal/abnormal
    1
        Neurological: normal/normal
    777
        Neurological: normal/abnormal
    2
        Neurological: abnormal/normal
    2
        Neurological: abnormal/abnormal
    3
    Notes
    [14] - Safety population of treated participants with baseline and endpoint assessments.
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Body Weight

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline to Endpoint in Body Weight [15]
    End point description
    Baseline was the score before the first dose of study drug in the double-blind study.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Day 0 (baseline), Month 6 (or last postbaseline observation)
    Notes
    [15] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: This extension study has a single treatment arm. As such, there are no formal statistical analyses done.
    End point values
    Armodafinil 150-200 mg/Day
    Number of subjects analysed
    788 [16]
    Units: kg
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    -0.8 ± 5.67
    Notes
    [16] - Safety population of treated participants with both baseline and postbaseline assessments.
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Change From Baseline to Endpoint in the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) Total Score

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline to Endpoint in the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) Total Score [17]
    End point description
    The YMRS is a clinician-rated, 11-item checklist used to measure the severity of manic episodes. Information for assigning scores is gained from the participant's subjective reported symptoms over the previous 48 hours and from clinical observation during the interview. Seven items are ranked 0 through 4 and have descriptors associated with each severity level. Four items (irritability, speech, content, and disruptive-aggressive behavior) are scored 0 through 8 and have descriptors for every second increment. The total scale is 0-60. A score of ≤12 indicates remission of manic symptoms, and higher scores indicate greater severity of mania. Negative change from baseline scores indicate a decrease in severity of mania. Baseline was the score before the first dose of study drug in the double-blind study.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Day 0 (baseline), Month 6 or last postbaseline observation
    Notes
    [17] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: This extension study has a single treatment arm. As such, there are no formal statistical analyses done.
    End point values
    Armodafinil 150-200 mg/Day
    Number of subjects analysed
    858 [18]
    Units: units on a scale
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    -0.7 ± 4.28
    Notes
    [18] - The safety analysis set includes randomized participants who took 1 or more doses of study drug. The
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Participants With Findings During the Open-Label Study on the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale ‘Since Last Visit’ Version

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    End point title
    Participants With Findings During the Open-Label Study on the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale ‘Since Last Visit’ Version [19]
    End point description
    The C-SSRS is a clinician-rated scale that assesses suicidality from ideation to behaviors and monitors the potential emergence of suicidality in clinical studies. The number of participants who had findings on any of the C-SSRS-SLV categories at any of the time frames are indicated.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Day 1, Week 1, Months 1, 2, 4 and 6 or last postbaseline visit
    Notes
    [19] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: This extension study has a single treatment arm. As such, there are no formal statistical analyses done.
    End point values
    Armodafinil 150-200 mg/Day
    Number of subjects analysed
    863 [20]
    Units: participants
        Suicidal behavior - Actual attempt
    1
        Non-suicidal self-injurious behaviour
    1
        Suicidal behavior - Interrupted attempt
    0
        Suicidal behavior - Aborted attempt
    0
        Suicidal behavior - suicidal behavior
    0
        Suicidal behavior - Preparatory acts/behavior
    1
        Suicidal behavior - Completed suicide
    0
        Suicidal ideation - Wish to be dead
    15
        Non-specific active suicidal thoughts
    4
        Any methods (not plan) w/o intent to act
    2
        Some intent to act, w/o specific plan
    1
        Suicidal ideation - Specific plan and intent
    1
    Notes
    [20] - Safety population; only 19 participants were asked the last three questions as the inclusion of thes
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Change From Baseline to Endpoint in the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) Total Score

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline to Endpoint in the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) Total Score [21]
    End point description
    The ISI is a participant-rated, 7-item questionnaire designed to assess the severity of the participant's insomnia. Each item is ranked 0 (none) through 4 (very severe) and has a descriptor associated with each severity level. Total range is 0 (no insomnia) to 28 (very severe insomnia). Responses to each item are added to obtain a total score to determine the severity of insomnia. Negative change from baseline scores indicate a decrease in severity of insomnia. Baseline was the assessment before the first dose of study drug in the double-blind study.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Day 0 (baseline), Month 6 (or last postbaseline observation)
    Notes
    [21] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: This extension study has a single treatment arm. As such, there are no formal statistical analyses done.
    End point values
    Armodafinil 150-200 mg/Day
    Number of subjects analysed
    855 [22]
    Units: units on a scale
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    -9.1 ± 7.66
    Notes
    [22] - Safety population of treated participants with both a baseline and postbaseline assessment.
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Change From Baseline to Endpoint in the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) Total Score

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline to Endpoint in the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) Total Score [23]
    End point description
    HAM-A measures the severity of anxiety symptoms. The scale consists of 14 items, each defined by a series of symptoms, and measures both psychic anxiety (mental agitation and psychological distress) and somatic anxiety (physical complaints related to anxiety). Each item is scored on a scale of 0 (not present) to 4 (severe), with a total score range of 0-56, where <17 indicates mild severity, 18-24 mild to moderate severity and 25-30 moderate to severe. Negative change from baseline scores indicate a decrease in severity of anxiety. Baseline was the score before the first dose of study drug in the double-blind study.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Day 0 (baseline), Month 6 or last postbaseline observation
    Notes
    [23] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: This extension study has a single treatment arm. As such, there are no formal statistical analyses done.
    End point values
    Armodafinil 150-200 mg/Day
    Number of subjects analysed
    786 [24]
    Units: units on a scale
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    -6.2 ± 5.68
    Notes
    [24] - Safety population of participants with both a baseline and postbaseline assessment.
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline to Week 1 and Months 1, 2, 4, 6 and Endpoint in the Total Score From the 30-Item Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Clinician-Rated (IDS-C30)

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline to Week 1 and Months 1, 2, 4, 6 and Endpoint in the Total Score From the 30-Item Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Clinician-Rated (IDS-C30)
    End point description
    The IDS-C30 is a standardized 30-item, clinician-rated scale to assess the severity of a participant's depressive symptoms. Every effort was made to have the same rater evaluate a participant across all visits. Total scores range from 0-84, with a score of 0 indicating no depression and a score of 84 indicating the most severe depression. Negative change from baseline values indicate improvement in the severity of depression. Baseline was the score before the first dose of study drug in the double-blind study.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Day 0 (baseline), Week 1, Months 1, 2, 4, 6 and the last postbaseline assessment)
    End point values
    Armodafinil 150-200 mg/Day
    Number of subjects analysed
    859 [25]
    Units: units on a scale
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Week 1 (n=837)
    -23.7 ± 12.1
        Month 1 (n=793)
    -25.8 ± 11.61
        Month 2 (n=716)
    -27.6 ± 11.38
        Month 4 (n=578)
    -29.2 ± 11.68
        Month 6 (n=503)
    -29.7 ± 12.06
        Endpoint (n=857)
    -27.5 ± 13.08
    Notes
    [25] - Full analysis set
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline to Week 1 and Months 1, 2, 4, 6 and Endpoint in the Total Score From the 16-Item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Clinician-Rated (QIDS-C16)

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline to Week 1 and Months 1, 2, 4, 6 and Endpoint in the Total Score From the 16-Item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Clinician-Rated (QIDS-C16)
    End point description
    The QIDS-C16 was derived from specified items in the IDS-C30, clinician-rated scale to assess the severity of a participant's depressive symptoms. Total scores range from 0-27, with a score of 0 indicating no depression and a score of 27 indicating the most severe depression. Negative change from baseline values indicate improvement in the severity of depression. Baseline was the score before the first dose of study drug in the double-blind study.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Day 0 (baseline), Week 1, Months 1, 2, 4, 6 and the last postbaseline assessment)
    End point values
    Armodafinil 150-200 mg/Day
    Number of subjects analysed
    859 [26]
    Units: units on a scale
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Week 1 (n=838)
    -9.3 ± 4.68
        Month 1 (n=793)
    -10 ± 4.47
        Month 2 (n=716)
    -10.6 ± 4.52
        Month 4 (n=578)
    -11.1 ± 4.7
        Month 6 (n=503)
    -11.3 ± 4.69
        Endpoint (n=857)
    -10.6 ± 5.07
    Notes
    [26] - Full analysis set
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline to Week 1 and Months 1, 2, 4, 6 and Endpoint in the Clinical Global Impression of Severity (CGI-S) for Depression

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline to Week 1 and Months 1, 2, 4, 6 and Endpoint in the Clinical Global Impression of Severity (CGI-S) for Depression
    End point description
    The CGI-S is an observer-rated scale that measures illness severity on a 7-point scale, with the severity of illness scale using a range of responses from 1 (normal) through to 7 (amongst the most severely ill patients). Negative change from baseline values indicate improvement in the severity of depression. Baseline was the score before the first dose of study drug in the double-blind study.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Day 0 (baseline), Week 1, Months 1, 2, 4, 6 and the last postbaseline assessment)
    End point values
    Armodafinil 150-200 mg/Day
    Number of subjects analysed
    859 [27]
    Units: units on a scale
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Week 1 (n=838)
    -1.7 ± 1.17
        Month 1 (n=791)
    -1.9 ± 1.17
        Month 2 (n=716)
    -2 ± 1.18
        Month 4 (n=578)
    -2.2 ± 116
        Month 6 (n=502)
    -2.3 ± 1.18
        Endpoint (n=859)
    -2 ± 1.31
    Notes
    [27] - Full analysis set
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline to Endpoint in the Global Assessment for Functioning (GAF) Scale

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline to Endpoint in the Global Assessment for Functioning (GAF) Scale
    End point description
    The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) is a numeric scale (1 through 100) used by mental health clinicians and physicians to rate subjectively the social, occupational, and psychological functioning of adults, e.g., how well or adaptively one is meeting various problems-in-living. Ratings of 1 - 10 mean the participant is in persistent danger of severely hurting self or others (e.g., recurrent violence) or persistent inability to maintain minimal personal hygiene or serious suicidal act with clear expectation of death. Ratings of 91 - 100 indicate no symptoms, and the participant exhibits superior functioning in a wide range of activities, life's problems never seem to get out of hand, is sought out by others because of his or her many positive qualities. Positive change from baseline values indicate improvement in functioning. Baseline was the score before the first dose of study drug in the double-blind study.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Day 0 (baseline), Month 6 or the last postbaseline assessment)
    End point values
    Armodafinil 150-200 mg/Day
    Number of subjects analysed
    779 [28]
    Units: units on a scale
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    17.7 ± 13.61
    Notes
    [28] - Full analysis set of participants with both a baseline and postbaseline assessment.
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    Day 1 up to 6 months
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    16.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Armodafinil 150-200 mg/Day
    Reporting group description
    Participants began taking armodafinil at a dosage of 50 mg/day; the dosage was increased by 50 mg/day on days 2 and 4, up to a dosage of 150 mg/day. At the discretion of the investigator, the dosage of armodafinil may be increased to 200 mg/day on day 6 or thereafter, and reduced to 150mg/day if the higher dose is not well tolerated. Treatment was administered for six months.

    Serious adverse events
    Armodafinil 150-200 mg/Day
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    27 / 863 (3.13%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Accidental overdose
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 863 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Vascular disorders
    Deep vein thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 863 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Hypotension
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 863 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Angina pectoris
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 863 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Myocardial infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 863 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Torsade de pointes
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 863 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Transient ischaemic attack
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 863 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions
    Abortion spontaneous
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 863 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Colitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 863 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 863 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Cholecystitis acute
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 863 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Pneumothorax
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 863 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Acute psychosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 863 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Agitation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 863 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Alcohol abuse
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 863 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Alcohol withdrawal syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 863 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Bipolar I disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 863 (0.35%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Homicidal ideation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 863 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Major depression
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 863 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Mania
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 863 (0.58%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    4 / 6
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Suicidal ideation
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 863 (0.35%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Suicide attempt
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 863 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Intervertebral disc protrusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 863 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Laryngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 863 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pilonidal cyst
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 863 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Sialoadenitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 863 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Dehydration
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 863 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Armodafinil 150-200 mg/Day
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    133 / 863 (15.41%)
    Nervous system disorders
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    96 / 863 (11.12%)
         occurrences all number
    119
    Psychiatric disorders
    Insomnia
         subjects affected / exposed
    49 / 863 (5.68%)
         occurrences all number
    56

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    19 Apr 2010
    Amendment 1 (dated 19 April 2010) to the protocol was issued before any patients were enrolled into the study. The following major procedural changes (not all-inclusive) were made to the protocol:  Information was added regarding the occurrence of hypersensitivity and skin reactions in patients receiving armodafinil since it was first marketed in 2009.  The number of centers was increased from 70 to 80 centers to 140 to 160 centers.  The description of visit windows was clarified to indicate that visits should occur within the specified timeframe in reference to the enrollment visit.  The inclusion criterion referring to the patient’s need for continued treatment was clarified to specify that the need is for continued treatment for depression.  The inclusion criterion that lists the protocol-allowed mood stabilizers and corresponding minimum dosages was revised to include aripiprazole and ziprasidone.  In the inclusion criterion regarding women of childbearing potential, the definition of childbearing potential was clarified. Additionally, abstinence was deleted as an acceptable method of contraception; rather, it was clarified that contraception should be used by women of childbearing potential who are sexually active.  An exclusion criterion was added to ensure exclusion of patients who were hospitalized or institutionalized and patients who were under arrest.
    05 Aug 2010
    Amendment 2 (dated 05 August 2010) to the protocol was issued after 56 patients were enrolled into the study. Changes to the protocol were considered to have no negative impact on the safety of patients already enrolled into the study. The following major procedural changes (not all-inclusive) were made to the protocol:  A 24-hour telephone access number for medical issues was added. The number of centers was increased from 140 to 160 centers to a maximum of 200 centers.  The duration of the study was extended by 3 months to the 4th quarter of 2012.  The description of the study population’s age range was modified to clearly state that the age range applied to the patient’s age at the time of entry into the previous double-blind study.  The number of bottles and the number of tablets to be given to each patient at each visit were added for clarity.  The use of serum versus urine pregnancy tests at each visit requiring a pregnancy test was specified for clarity.  The inclusion criterion that lists the protocol-allowed mood stabilizers and corresponding minimum dosages was revised to include lamotrigine and risperidone.  The requirements regarding use of the protocol-allowed mood stabilizer ziprasidone were modified to allow its use only if in combination with lithium or valproic acid.  The exclusion criterion that excluded hospitalized or institutionalized patients was modified to limit the exclusion to patients hospitalized/institutionalized involuntarily.  A new inclusion criterion was added to allow enrollment of patients temporarily residing in a clinic or hospital or treated overnight in a medical facility as long as the patient’s condition was neither serious nor a worsening of symptoms.
    22 Mar 2012
    Amendment 3 (dated 22 March 2012) to the protocol was issued after 493 patients were enrolled in the study. Changes to the protocol were considered to have no negative impact on the safety of patients already enrolled in the study. The following major procedural changes (not all-inclusive) were made to the protocol:  The inclusion criterion that lists the protocol-allowed mood stabilizers and corresponding minimum dosages was revised to include quetiapine.  The list of mood stabilizers that were allowed to be taken concomitantly with ziprasidone was modified to include lamotrigine.  Medical monitor duties were consolidated under 1 physician employed by the sponsor.  The timing of visit 7 was clarified to state that it should occur 7±2 days posttreatment but not necessarily at week 25.  The requirements for clinical laboratory tests were clarified to state that fasting was not required.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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