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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Proteomic prediction and Renin angiotensin aldosterone system Inhibition prevention Of early diabetic nephRopathy In TYpe 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2012-000452-34
    Trial protocol
    DK   IT   GB   NL   ES   CZ   GR   BE  
    Global end of trial date
    27 Nov 2018

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    23 Oct 2020
    First version publication date
    23 Oct 2020
    Other versions
    Summary report(s)
    priority
    priority supl

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    3004
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT02040441
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    steno diabetes center copenhagen
    Sponsor organisation address
    niels steensens vej 2, gentofte, Denmark, 2820
    Public contact
    Prof. Peter Rossing MD. DMSc, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, +45 30913383, peter.rossing@regionh.dk
    Scientific contact
    Prof. Peter Rossing MD. DMSc, Steno Diabetes Center, +45 30913383, peter.rossing@regionh.dk
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    06 Jan 2020
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    26 Nov 2018
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    27 Nov 2018
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To confirm that urinary proteomics can predict development of microalbuminuria (as a surrogate marker for the development of overt nephropathy) in a cohort of 2000 type 2 diabetic patients with normal urinary albumin excretion. the intervention part was in the subset with high proteomic risk, expected to be approx 250 participants out of the total population, randomised to placebo or spironolactone
    Protection of trial subjects
    DMC was monitoring conduct of trial, minimal dose expected to work used, and number of visits reduced to a minimum
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    25 Mar 2014
    Long term follow-up planned
    Yes
    Long term follow-up rationale
    Efficacy, Scientific research
    Long term follow-up duration
    4 Years
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of: 13
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Netherlands: 19
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United Kingdom: 30
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Belgium: 3
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Czech Republic: 18
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Denmark: 64
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Germany: 16
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Greece: 5
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Italy: 41
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    209
    EEA total number of subjects
    196
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    120
    From 65 to 84 years
    89
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Between March 25, 2014, and Sept 30, 2018, we enrolled and followed-up 1775 participants (observational cohort), 1559 (88%) of 1775 participants had a low-risk urinary proteomic pattern and 216 (12%) had a high-risk pattern of whom 209 were included in the trial cohort and assigned to spironolactone (n=102) or placebo (n=107).

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    we recruited people aged 18–75 years with type 2 diabetes, preserved kidney function, and normoalbuminuria from 15 specialist centres in ten European countries (Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, North Macedonia, Spain, and the UK

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    intervention (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator, Monitor, Data analyst, Carer, Assessor
    Blinding implementation details
    interactive web-response system to either spironolactone 25 mg once daily or matching placebo, following a computer-generated randomisation scheme. Treatment allocation was doubleblind, with participants and investigators masked to allocation. The medications for each treatment group were identical in appearance and were supplied in identical bottles, labelled appropriately to maintain masking within the study.

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    spironoloactone
    Arm description
    25 mg spironolactone daily
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    spironolactone
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Film-coated tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    25 mg orally daily in single tablet or matching placebo

    Arm title
    placebo
    Arm description
    matching placebo
    Arm type
    Placebo

    Investigational medicinal product name
    placebo
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Film-coated tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    1 tablet

    Number of subjects in period 1
    spironoloactone placebo
    Started
    102
    107
    Completed
    102
    107

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    spironoloactone
    Reporting group description
    25 mg spironolactone daily

    Reporting group title
    placebo
    Reporting group description
    matching placebo

    Reporting group values
    spironoloactone placebo Total
    Number of subjects
    102 107 209
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    0
        From 65-84 years
    0
        85 years and over
    0
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    63 ( 6 ) 63 ( 7 ) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    33 29 62
        Male
    69 78 147

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    spironoloactone
    Reporting group description
    25 mg spironolactone daily

    Reporting group title
    placebo
    Reporting group description
    matching placebo

    Subject analysis set title
    ITT
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    The intention-to-treat trial cohort consisted of all participants with a valid proteomic score with a high-risk pattern who were randomly assigned to receive study medication.

    Primary: microalbuminuria

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    End point title
    microalbuminuria
    End point description
    number of subjects progressing from normoalbuminuria to microalbuminuria (U-albumin creatinine ration>30 mg/g creatinine and at least 30% increase from baseline)
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    4 years
    End point values
    spironoloactone placebo ITT
    Number of subjects analysed
    102
    107
    209
    Units: cases with microalbuminuria
        microalb
    26
    35
    51
    Statistical analysis title
    logrank test
    Statistical analysis description
    surcival analysis
    Comparison groups
    spironoloactone v placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    209
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.41
    Method
    Logrank
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.81
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.49
         upper limit
    1.34

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    up to 4 years
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    selected safety outcomes of special interest in the trial cohort were hyperkalaemia (plasma or serum level of potassium >0·4 mmol/L above local upper reference), gynaecomastia, and hypotension.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    19.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    spironolactone group
    Reporting group description
    active treated randomised to spironolactone

    Reporting group title
    placebo
    Reporting group description
    placebo treated

    Serious adverse events
    spironolactone group placebo
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 102 (6.86%)
    14 / 107 (13.08%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    1
    1
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    Cardiac disorders
    Cardiac disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 102 (5.88%)
    4 / 107 (3.74%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 6
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
    Nervous system disorders
    nervous system disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 102 (0.00%)
    5 / 107 (4.67%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 5
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Renal impairment
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 102 (0.98%)
    5 / 107 (4.67%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 5
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    spironolactone group placebo
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    48 / 102 (47.06%)
    64 / 107 (59.81%)
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    neoplasm
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 102 (4.90%)
    4 / 107 (3.74%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    4
    Vascular disorders
    vascular disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 102 (10.78%)
    6 / 107 (5.61%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    6
    Surgical and medical procedures
    surgical procedure
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 102 (2.94%)
    6 / 107 (5.61%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    6
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    admin site disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 102 (7.84%)
    14 / 107 (13.08%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    14
    Reproductive system and breast disorders
    Reproductive system disorder prophylaxis
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 102 (2.94%)
    4 / 107 (3.74%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    7
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    respiratory disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    12 / 102 (11.76%)
    4 / 107 (3.74%)
         occurrences all number
    12
    4
    Investigations
    investigations
         subjects affected / exposed
    29 / 102 (28.43%)
    13 / 107 (12.15%)
         occurrences all number
    29
    13
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 102 (9.80%)
    13 / 107 (12.15%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    13
    Congenital, familial and genetic disorders
    congenital
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 102 (0.98%)
    0 / 107 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Cardiac disorders
    Cardiac disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 102 (3.92%)
    3 / 107 (2.80%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    3
    Nervous system disorders
    nervous system disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    18 / 102 (17.65%)
    22 / 107 (20.56%)
         occurrences all number
    18
    22
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    blood and lymph system disorders
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 102 (6.86%)
    2 / 107 (1.87%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    2
    Ear and labyrinth disorders
    Ear disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 102 (1.96%)
    2 / 107 (1.87%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    2
    Eye disorders
    eye disorders
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 102 (4.90%)
    8 / 107 (7.48%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    18
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Gastrointestinal disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    12 / 102 (11.76%)
    8 / 107 (7.48%)
         occurrences all number
    26
    17
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    skin disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 102 (10.78%)
    15 / 107 (14.02%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    15
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Renal disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 102 (2.94%)
    7 / 107 (6.54%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    17
    Endocrine disorders
    endocrine disorders
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 102 (2.94%)
    2 / 107 (1.87%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    2
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    musculosceltal disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    18 / 102 (17.65%)
    19 / 107 (17.76%)
         occurrences all number
    18
    29
    Infections and infestations
    infections
         subjects affected / exposed
    22 / 102 (21.57%)
    24 / 107 (22.43%)
         occurrences all number
    46
    66
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    metabolism
         subjects affected / exposed
    44 / 102 (43.14%)
    23 / 107 (21.50%)
         occurrences all number
    44
    23

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    12 Oct 2015
    Changes made Adaptation of the approximately number of patient screening from 7000 to 2700 and number of patient planned to included is changed from 3280 to 2000. In addition the treatment/ observational period are changed from 3 years for all included to a period between 2 to 4.4 years dependent on the time of inclusion. Justification Please see justification for revised samples size changes made to section 15.1 and justification of extension of the period for the first included patient, under justification for changes made in section 9.1.1 and 9.1.2. Section 6.6 Changes made Changed screening window from (Week -8 to -4) to (week -12 to -4) and run-in-period from (week -7 to -3) to (week -11 to -2). The periodic study visits is revised in accordance with the different follow-up period described in the revised section 9.1.1 and 9.1.2.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    none

    Online references

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32135136
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