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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Safety and Efficacy of Low Molecular Weight Heparin for 72 Hours Followed by Dabigatran for the Treatment of Acute Intermediate-Risk Pulmonary Embolism.

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2015-001830-12
    Trial protocol
    DE   ES   BE   NL   AT   SI   FR   IT  
    Global end of trial date
    12 Feb 2021

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    11 Jan 2022
    First version publication date
    11 Jan 2022
    Other versions
    Summary report(s)
    PEITHO-2_Report Synopsis_2021-01-21

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    CTH C007
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT02596555
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
    Sponsor organisation address
    Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz, Germany, 55131
    Public contact
    Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, +49 6131 17-8382, stavros.konstantinides@unimedizin-mainz.de
    Scientific contact
    Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, +49 6131 17-8382, stavros.konstantinides@unimedizin-mainz.de
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    22 Dec 2020
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    10 Dec 2020
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    12 Feb 2021
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    The primary objective is to determine whether treatment of acute intermediate-risk PE (as defined by the inclusion and exclusion criteria) with parenteral anticoagulation for at least 72 hours after diagnosis, followed by dabigatran over 6 months, is effective and safe.
    Protection of trial subjects
    N/A
    Background therapy
    N/A
    Evidence for comparator
    N/A
    Actual start date of recruitment
    29 Jan 2016
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Netherlands: 18
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Slovenia: 16
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Spain: 15
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Austria: 20
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Belgium: 36
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    France: 64
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Germany: 112
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Italy: 99
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Romania: 22
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    402
    EEA total number of subjects
    402
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    148
    From 65 to 84 years
    222
    85 years and over
    32

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Date of first enrolment: 29.01.2016 Date of lastenrolment: 31.07.2019 Date of last completed: 12.02.2020

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    1,418 patients diagnosed with acute PE were screened at 42 sites in 9 countries. Reasons for non-enrolment: 419 patients not in intermediate-risk PE category 223 contraindications to IMP 155 outside time window for participation/reduced life expectancy 127 inability to understand/expected non-adherence/other trial 92 no IC provided/possible

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall trial (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Non-randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Arm title
    Treatment arm
    Arm description
    This is a single-arm study.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Substance name: Dabigatran
    Investigational medicinal product code
    ATC code: B01AE07
    Other name
    Brand name: Pradaxa
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Capsule
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    After diagnosis of acute intermediate-risk PE and enrolment in the study, patients started or continued to receive therapeutic-dose LMWH, or unfractionated heparin if LMWH was not available. Heparin was continued over 72 hours from the moment of the PE diagnosis. At that time, parenteral anticoagulation was switched to oral dabigatran following a standardised clinical evaluation by the investigator. Dabigatran (Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany) was administered at the approved dose of 150 mg twice daily. In patients with elevated bleeding risk or with an estimated glomerular filtration rate below 50 ml/min, a dose of 110 mg twice daily could be given at the discretion of the investigator and according to the drug’s European summary of product characteristics. Oral anticoagulation with dabigatran was continued for 6 months. After this period, continuation of anticoagulation and the choice of the anticoagulant drug were left to the discretion of the treating physicia

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Treatment arm
    Started
    402
    Completed
    402

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Overall trial
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group values
    Overall trial Total
    Number of subjects
    402 402
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Adults (18-64 years)
    148 148
        From 65-84 years
    222 222
        85 years and over
    32 32
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    192 192
        Male
    210 210
    Subject analysis sets

    Subject analysis set title
    Intention-to-treat population
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    All patients who signed the informed consent form.

    Subject analysis sets values
    Intention-to-treat population
    Number of subjects
    402
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Adults (18-64 years)
    148
        From 65-84 years
    222
        85 years and over
    32
    Age continuous
    Units:
        
    ±
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    192
        Male
    210

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Treatment arm
    Reporting group description
    This is a single-arm study.

    Subject analysis set title
    Intention-to-treat population
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    All patients who signed the informed consent form.

    Primary: Symptomatic VTE or PE-related death within 6 months

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    End point title
    Symptomatic VTE or PE-related death within 6 months
    End point description
    The primary outcome is whether symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) or pulmonary embolism (PE)-related death occurs within the first 6 months of anticoagulation therapy (yes/no). The primary analysis will be for intention to treat.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Within the first 6 months of anticoagulation therapy
    End point values
    Treatment arm Intention-to-treat population
    Number of subjects analysed
    402
    402
    Units: deaths
    7
    7
    Statistical analysis title
    Primary outcome analysis
    Statistical analysis description
    Based on existing data, we tested the null hypothesis (π ≥ 0.061; 6.1%) against the alternative hypothesis (π < 0.061), using a one-sided exact binomial test in a two-stage Pocock group sequential design, with interim analysis after enrolment and after 20% of patients had completed 6-months follow-up. The significance level was chosen as an α of 5%.
    Comparison groups
    Treatment arm v Intention-to-treat population
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    804
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    non-inferiority
    P-value
    = 0.000022
    Method
    Exact binomial test
    Parameter type
    relative frequency
    Point estimate
    0.0174
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    1-sided
         lower limit
    -
         upper limit
    0.032
    Variability estimate
    Standard error of the mean
    Dispersion value
    0.65

    Secondary: Recovery of RV function as assessed by echocardiography

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    End point title
    Recovery of RV function as assessed by echocardiography
    End point description
    RV recovery is defined as: (i) complete recovery: normalization of all echocardiographic signs of RV pressure overload/dysfunction as defined by the inclusion criteria; (ii) partial recovery: normalization of some echocardiographic signs of RV pressure overload/dysfunction as defined by the inclusion criteria, but at least one sign remaining; (iii) no recovery: all echocardiographic signs of RV pressure overload/dysfunction as defined by the inclusion criteria established at baseline, are still present; (iv) deterioration: appearance of additional signs of RV pressure overload/dysfunction during follow-up as defined by the inclusion criteria to those established at baseline;
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    at 6±1 days or upon discharge (whichever comes first)
    End point values
    Treatment arm Intention-to-treat population
    Number of subjects analysed
    402
    402
    Units: Study patients per category
        Complete recovery
    40
    40
        Partial recovery
    171
    171
        No recovery
    136
    136
        Deterioration
    0
    0
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Recovery of RV function as assessed by echocardiography

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    End point title
    Recovery of RV function as assessed by echocardiography
    End point description
    RV recovery is defined as: (i) complete recovery: normalization of all echocardiographic signs of RV pressure overload/dysfunction as defined by the inclusion criteria; (ii) partial recovery: normalization of some echocardiographic signs of RV pressure overload/dysfunction as defined by the inclusion criteria, but at least one sign remaining; (iii) no recovery: all echocardiographic signs of RV pressure overload/dysfunction as defined by the inclusion criteria established at baseline, are still present; (iv) deterioration: appearance of additional signs of RV pressure overload/dysfunction during follow-up as defined by the inclusion criteria to those established at baseline;
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    at 6-month follow-up
    End point values
    Treatment arm Intention-to-treat population
    Number of subjects analysed
    402
    402
    Units: Patients per reporting group
        Complete recovery
    57
    57
        Partial recovery
    177
    177
        No recovery
    113
    113
        Deterioration
    0
    0
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Temporal pattern of changes in NT-proBNP levels

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    End point title
    Temporal pattern of changes in NT-proBNP levels
    End point description
    NT-proBNP threshold levels: (i) normalization: NT-proBNP levels below the age and gender dependent normal threshold at follow-up; (ii) improvement: NT-proBNP levels >600 pg/ml at baseline that have decreased to ≤600 pg/ml but are still above the age and gender dependent normal threshold at follow-up; (iii) no improvement: NT-proBNP levels ≤600 pg/ml but still above the age and gender dependent normal threshold at all three measurements; or NT-proBNP levels >600 pg/ml at follow-up; (iv) deterioration: normal NT-proBNP levels at baseline but abnormal during follow-up; or baseline NT-proBNP levels ≤600 pg/ml, but above the age and gender dependent normal threshold, that increase to >600 pg/ml during follow-up;
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    6±1 days or discharge (whichever comes first) versus baseline
    End point values
    Treatment arm Intention-to-treat population
    Number of subjects analysed
    402
    402
    Units: percent
    number (not applicable)
        Normalization
    12.66
    12.66
        Improvement
    15.38
    15.38
        No improvement
    27.30
    27.30
        Deterioration
    3.23
    3.23
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Temporal pattern of changes in NT-proBNP levels

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    End point title
    Temporal pattern of changes in NT-proBNP levels
    End point description
    NT-proBNP threshold levels: (i) normalization: NT-proBNP levels below the age and gender dependent normal threshold at follow-up; (ii) improvement: NT-proBNP levels >600 pg/ml at baseline that have decreased to ≤600 pg/ml but are still above the age and gender dependent normal threshold at follow-up; (iii) no improvement: NT-proBNP levels ≤600 pg/ml but still above the age and gender dependent normal threshold at all three measurements; or NT-proBNP levels >600 pg/ml at follow-up; (iv) deterioration: normal NT-proBNP levels at baseline but abnormal during follow-up; or baseline NT-proBNP levels ≤600 pg/ml, but above the age and gender dependent normal threshold, that increase to >600 pg/ml during follow-up;
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    at 6 months versus baseline
    End point values
    Treatment arm Intention-to-treat population
    Number of subjects analysed
    402
    402
    Units: percent
    number (not applicable)
        Normalization
    23.03
    23.03
        Improvement
    17.12
    17.12
        No improvement
    15.63
    15.63
        Deterioration
    0.99
    0.99
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Death from any cause, or hemodynamic collapse or decompensation

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    End point title
    Death from any cause, or hemodynamic collapse or decompensation
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    within 30 days from enrolment
    End point values
    Treatment arm Intention-to-treat population
    Number of subjects analysed
    402
    402
    Units: percent
        number (not applicable)
    1.2
    1.2
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: PE-related death or hemodynamic collapse or decompensation

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    End point title
    PE-related death or hemodynamic collapse or decompensation
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    within 30 days from enrolment
    End point values
    Treatment arm Intention-to-treat population
    Number of subjects analysed
    402
    402
    Units: percent
        number (not applicable)
    0.7
    0.7
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Overall duration of hospital stay

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    End point title
    Overall duration of hospital stay
    End point description
    Index event and repeated hospitalizations due to PE [index or recurrent event] or to a bleeding event
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    within 6 months
    End point values
    Treatment arm Intention-to-treat population
    Number of subjects analysed
    402
    402
    Units: Days
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    8 (5.5 to 12)
    8 (5.5 to 12)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Death from any cause

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    End point title
    Death from any cause
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    within 6 months
    End point values
    Treatment arm Intention-to-treat population
    Number of subjects analysed
    402
    402
    Units: Deaths
    8
    8
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Other pre-specified: Major bleeding

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    End point title
    Major bleeding
    End point description
    Major bleeding, based on the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) definition, i.e., any bleeding resulting in death; symptomatic bleeding in a critical organ including intracranial, intraspinal, intraocular, retroperitoneal, intraarticular and pericardial bleeding and muscle bleeding resulting in compartment syndrome; symptomatic bleeding resulting in a decrease in the hemoglobin concentration of at least 2g/dl or resulting in the transfusion of at least two packs of blood red cells
    End point type
    Other pre-specified
    End point timeframe
    at 6 months from enrolment
    End point values
    Treatment arm Intention-to-treat population
    Number of subjects analysed
    402
    402
    Units: percent
        number (confidence interval 95%)
    2.7 (1.4 to 4.8)
    2.7 (1.4 to 4.8)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Other pre-specified: Major bleeding

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    End point title
    Major bleeding
    End point description
    Major bleeding, based on the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) definition, i.e., any bleeding resulting in death; symptomatic bleeding in a critical organ including intracranial, intraspinal, intraocular, retroperitoneal, intraarticular and pericardial bleeding and muscle bleeding resulting in compartment syndrome; symptomatic bleeding resulting in a decrease in the hemoglobin concentration of at least 2g/dl or resulting in the transfusion of at least two packs of blood red cells
    End point type
    Other pre-specified
    End point timeframe
    at 7 months from enrolment
    End point values
    Treatment arm Intention-to-treat population
    Number of subjects analysed
    402
    402
    Units: percent
        number (confidence interval 95%)
    2.7 (1.4 to 4.8)
    2.7 (1.4 to 4.8)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Other pre-specified: Clinically relevant bleeding

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    End point title
    Clinically relevant bleeding
    End point description
    Clinically relevant bleeding, defined as a composite of major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding. Clinically relevant non-major bleeding is defined as bleeding fulfilling at least one of the following criteria: - spontaneous skin hematoma of at least 25 cm2; - spontaneous nose bleeding of more than 5 minutes duration; - macroscopic hematuria, either spontaneous or, if associated with intervention, lasting more than 24 hours; - spontaneous rectal bleeding; - gingival bleeding for more than 5 minutes; - bleeding leading to hospitalization and/or requiring surgical treatment; - bleeding leading to transfusion of less than 2 units of whole blood or red cells; - any other bleeding event considered clinically relevant by the investigator.
    End point type
    Other pre-specified
    End point timeframe
    at 6 months from enrolment
    End point values
    Treatment arm Intention-to-treat population
    Number of subjects analysed
    402
    402
    Units: percent
        number (confidence interval 95%)
    4.0 (2.3 to 6.4)
    4.0 (2.3 to 6.4)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Other pre-specified: Clinically relevant bleeding

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    End point title
    Clinically relevant bleeding
    End point description
    Clinically relevant bleeding, defined as a composite of major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding. Clinically relevant non-major bleeding is defined as bleeding fulfilling at least one of the following criteria: - spontaneous skin hematoma of at least 25 cm2; - spontaneous nose bleeding of more than 5 minutes duration; - macroscopic hematuria, either spontaneous or, if associated with intervention, lasting more than 24 hours; - spontaneous rectal bleeding; - gingival bleeding for more than 5 minutes; - bleeding leading to hospitalization and/or requiring surgical treatment; - bleeding leading to transfusion of less than 2 units of whole blood or red cells; - any other bleeding event considered clinically relevant by the investigator.
    End point type
    Other pre-specified
    End point timeframe
    at 7 months from enrolment
    End point values
    Treatment arm Intention-to-treat population
    Number of subjects analysed
    402
    402
    Units: percent
        number (confidence interval 95%)
    4.2 (2.5 to 6.7)
    4.2 (2.5 to 6.7)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    The period of observation for collection of adverse events extends from the time the subject has signed the informed consent document up to 30 days after the end of treatment (Visit 6 at 6 months from enrolment).
    Assessment type
    Non-systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    23.1
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Intention-to-treat population
    Reporting group description
    All analyses for the safety outcomes are conducted using the ITT analysis set.

    Serious adverse events
    Intention-to-treat population
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    77 / 402 (19.15%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    8
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    8
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Bladder cancer
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Haemangioma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Myeloproliferative neoplasm
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Lung adenocarcinoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Prostate cancer
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Clear cell renal cell carcinoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Renal cell carcinoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Basal cell carcinoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Vascular disorders
    Hypertensive crisis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Aortic stenosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Deep vein thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 402 (0.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pelvic venous thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Surgical and medical procedures
    Nephrectomy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Skin neoplasm excision
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Vena cava filter removal
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Embolism venous
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Death
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 402 (0.50%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    Sudden death
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Pre-existing condition improved
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Infusion site thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Chest discomfort
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 402 (1.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Drug ineffective
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Immune system disorders
    Drug hypersensitivity
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Reproductive system and breast disorders
    Vaginal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Dyspnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Dyspnoea exertional
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Respiratory distress
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Asthma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Hypoxia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Haemoptysis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Epistaxis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Interstitial lung disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pulmonary alveolar haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pleural effusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pulmonary hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 402 (1.24%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 5
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pulmonary oedema
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pulmonary embolism
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 402 (1.49%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 6
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    Acute respiratory failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Lung disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 402 (0.50%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Depression
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 402 (0.50%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Panic disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Investigations
    Liver function test increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Transaminases increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Troponin increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Multiple fractures
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Femoral neck fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Hip fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Humerus fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Skin injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Atrioventricular block complete
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Ischaemic cardiomyopathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Coronary artery disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cardiac failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 402 (0.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cardiogenic shock
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Angina pectoris
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Left ventricular dysfunction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Myocarditis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Atrial fibrillation
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 402 (0.50%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cardiac arrest
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cardio-respiratory arrest
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 402 (0.50%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    Nervous system disorders
    Haemorrhage intracranial
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Haemorrhagic stroke
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Dementia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Carpal tunnel syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Paraesthesia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Epilepsy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 402 (0.50%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Febrile neutropenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Gastric polyps
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Rectal polyp
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Gastric ulcer
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Gastritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Gastritis haemorrhagic
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Haemorrhoids
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 402 (0.50%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Melaena
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Dermatitis allergic
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Skin ulcer
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Urticaria
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Urinary bladder polyp
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Acute kidney injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 402 (0.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Haematuria
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Intervertebral disc protrusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Haematoma muscle
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Rheumatoid arthritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Appendicitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Influenza
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 402 (1.24%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 5
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia respiratory syncytial viral
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Abdominal sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Urosepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 402 (0.50%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Staphylococcal bacteraemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Hyperuricaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 402 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 1%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Intention-to-treat population
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    146 / 402 (36.32%)
    Investigations
    Alanine aminotransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 402 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Gamma-glutamyltransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 402 (1.24%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    Transaminases increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 402 (1.49%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 402 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Vascular disorders
    Hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 402 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Cardiac disorders
    Atrial fibrillation
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 402 (1.99%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    Nervous system disorders
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 402 (1.24%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Fatigue
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 402 (1.99%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    Oedema peripheral
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 402 (1.99%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    Chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 402 (1.49%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Dyspepsia
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 402 (1.99%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    Abdominal pain upper
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 402 (1.49%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 402 (1.74%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    Reproductive system and breast disorders
    Benign prostatic hyperplasia
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 402 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Dyspnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 402 (1.74%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    Dyspnoea exertional
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 402 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Cough
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 402 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Haemoptysis
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 402 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Epistaxis
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 402 (1.74%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    Pulmonary hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 402 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Pruritus
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 402 (1.74%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    Rash
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 402 (1.49%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Haematuria
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 402 (1.49%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    Infections and infestations
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 402 (1.24%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    Nasopharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 402 (1.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 402 (1.24%)
         occurrences all number
    5

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    15 Jun 2016
    Study Design: Adapted to two-step identification of eligible population: first diagnosis of acute PE and then confirmation of intermediate risk Reason: Adaptation to guidelines and clinical practice, also allowing more time for eligibility checks; Study duration and schedule: Updated Reason: Duration of study is 7 months per patient and recruitment time is approximately 2.5 years; Exclusion criterion no. 2: Period of contraception corrected Reason: Period of contraception is from trial start until 1 month after last application of trial drug, i.e., until “end of trial visit” (and not 1 month after end of trial); Inclusion criterion no. 4: Deletion of sPESI (score ≥ 1) as part of assessment of risk classification Reason: “Hard criteria”, imaging and/or biomarker findings, are considered to be reliable tools for identification of intermediate risk, independently from sPESI score; Exclusion criterion no. 7: Deleted Reason: Criterion unintentionally excluded patients who, based on clinical suspicion and according to guideline recommendations in case of intermediate or high pre-test clinical probability of PE, were put on anticoagulation before the definitive diagnosis of acute PE; Exclusion criterion no. 8: Replacement of "index PE episode" with "VTE" Reason: Replaced to include not only PE but also deep vein thrombosis (VTE) as an indication for chronic therapeutic anticoagulation. Dosage schedule: Clear statement on switch from LMWH to dabigatran to occur 72 hours after confirmation of PE diagnosis; time window of +12 hours was added; Reason: Since sequential approach to diagnosis of first acute PE and then intermediate risk is specified, it must be made clear that 72 hours count from PE diagnosis (and not from confirmation of intermediate risk). In addition, for administrative, “practical” reasons, e.g., if 72-hour time point is reached at night, when switch to oral drug is impractical and undesirable, time window of
    15 Jan 2018
    Risk-benefit assessment: - Change of follow-up period from 30 days to 6 months, correction of p for rejection of H0 from >6.1 to >0.061 Reason: Correction of typographical errors; - Inclusion of additional possible DSMB recommendations after completion of first interim analysis Reason: Interim results may suggest that reduced sample size is sufficient for rejection of H0; Safety outcomes: 7 months added Reason: To align time for safety outcomes with foreseen visits and analysis of safety outcomes; Exclusion criteria No. 4: corrected for interventional clinical trials Reason: Criterion unintentionally also excluded patients participating in non-interventional clinical trials (e.g. registries); Drug storage, supplies and accountability: Deletion of storage of the trial medication at room temperature Reason: There is no storage temperature limit according to manufacturer´s manual or SmPC; Sample size calculation: Recalculation of sample size including rationale.; sample size confirmed by addition of further data Reason: Consideration of recently published data allowing for more solid justification of calculated sample size; Interim analysis - Change of follow-up period from 30 days to 6 months; correction of p for the rejection of H0 from >6.1 to >0.061 Reason: Correction of typographical errors - Inclusion of additional possible DSMB recommendations after completion of first interim analysis Reason: Interim results may suggest that a reduced sample size is sufficient for rejection of H0;

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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