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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Pragmatic, prospective, randomised, controlled, double-blind, multicentre, multinational study on the safety and efficacy of a 6% Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solution versus an electrolyte solution in trauma patients (TETHYS)

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2016-002176-27
    Trial protocol
    DE   BE   CZ   NL   ES   FR  
    Global end of trial date
    25 Jun 2022

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    25 Aug 2023
    First version publication date
    25 Aug 2023
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    HC-G-H-1505
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT03338218
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Other trial identifiers
    Fresenius Kabi: HE06-021-CP4
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH
    Sponsor organisation address
    Else-Kröner-Straße 1, Bad Homburg v.d.H, Germany, 61352
    Public contact
    Medical Scientific Affairs Pharma and Nutrition, Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Trial-Disclosure@Fresenius-Kabi.com
    Scientific contact
    Medical Scientific Affairs Pharma and Nutrition, Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Trial-Disclosure@Fresenius-Kabi.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    16 Feb 2023
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    No
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    25 Jun 2022
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To investigate the safety of a 6% HES in a balanced electrolyte solution for infusion compared to a balanced electrolyte solution for infusion in trauma patients
    Protection of trial subjects
    Subject protection was ensured by medical and ethical standards in accordance with Declaration of Helsinki, Good Clinical Practice and applicable national and local laws and regulation. The signed informed consent was obtained prior to inclusion in the study. The patients were informed in writing about their right to withdraw from the study at any time. Furthermore, a data safety monitoring board was established to protect the patients participating in the study
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    23 Feb 2019
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Spain: 1
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Germany: 9
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    South Africa: 252
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    262
    EEA total number of subjects
    10
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    235
    From 65 to 84 years
    24
    85 years and over
    3

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    -

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    Potential candidates for study participation were screened at admission to hospital. Before enrolling into screening informed consent had to be provided in writing. A patient was randomized only after eligibility was proven by checking the inclusion and exclusion criteria

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall trial (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator, Monitor, Data analyst

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Volulyte
    Arm description
    Started = Number of patients randomised for this arm
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Volulyte 6% solution for infusion
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Dosing of IP was individualised to the patient’s volume needs and at the discretion of the treating physician. It could have been guided, e.g., by a volume algorithm based on mean arterial pressure or dynamic circulatory variables, or by other haemodynamic parameters. The maximum daily dose of 30 ml/kg should not have been exceeded. If patients were still hypotensive during IP administration, they could also have received vasoactive/inotropic drugs, if regarded necessary due to the clinical condition. Since HES preparations may rarely cause allergic reactions, the first 10-20 ml of the solution should have been infused slowly. In case of an allergic reaction, the infusion had to be stopped immediately, and appropriate treatment given. IP: Investigational product

    Arm title
    Ionolyte
    Arm description
    Started = Number of patients randomised for this arm
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Ionolyte solution for infusion
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Dosing of IP was individualised to the patient’s volume needs and at the discretion of the treating physician. It could have been guided, e.g., by a volume algorithm based on mean arterial pressure or dynamic circulatory variables, or by other haemodynamic parameters. The maximum daily dose of 30 ml/kg should not have been exceeded. If patients were still hypotensive during IP administration, they could also have received vasoactive/inotropic drugs, if regarded necessary due to the clinical condition.

    Number of subjects in period 1 [1]
    Volulyte Ionolyte
    Started
    120
    118
    Completed
    100
    97
    Not completed
    20
    21
         Adverse event, serious fatal
    3
    5
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    -
    1
         Other
    -
    2
         Randomised but not treated with IP
    4
    5
         Lost to follow-up
    13
    8
    Notes
    [1] - The number of subjects reported to be in the baseline period are not the same as the worldwide number enrolled in the trial. It is expected that these numbers will be the same.
    Justification: The number of subjects reported in the baseline period is the number of randomised patients, whereas under ‘population of trial subjects’ all patients enrolled (including screen failures) are mentioned.

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Volulyte
    Reporting group description
    Started = Number of patients randomised for this arm

    Reporting group title
    Ionolyte
    Reporting group description
    Started = Number of patients randomised for this arm

    Reporting group values
    Volulyte Ionolyte Total
    Number of subjects
    120 118 238
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    0
        From 65-84 years
    0
        85 years and over
    0
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    37.8 ± 17.0 37.4 ± 16.7 -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    20 19 39
        Male
    100 99 199
    Subject analysis sets

    Subject analysis set title
    Safety analysis set (SAF)
    Subject analysis set type
    Safety analysis
    Subject analysis set description
    All patients who had at least one application of IP, independent of the administered amount

    Subject analysis set title
    Full analysis set for the primary endpoint (FAS‑pEP)
    Subject analysis set type
    Full analysis
    Subject analysis set description
    All patients from the SAF, who reached the post-traumatic period and were monitored at least once with respect to components of primary composite endpoint of 90-day mortality and 90-day renal failure, i.e., with respect to mortality or renal function (serum creatinine concentration or initiation of renal replacement therapy).

    Subject analysis set title
    Full analysis set for efficacy analyses (FAS‑Eff)
    Subject analysis set type
    Full analysis
    Subject analysis set description
    All patients from the SAF providing any efficacy data after IP start

    Subject analysis set title
    Per protocol set (PPS)
    Subject analysis set type
    Per protocol
    Subject analysis set description
    All patients from the FASpEP, who did not have any major protocol deviations with regard to the primary endpoint

    Subject analysis sets values
    Safety analysis set (SAF) Full analysis set for the primary endpoint (FAS‑pEP) Full analysis set for efficacy analyses (FAS‑Eff) Per protocol set (PPS)
    Number of subjects
    229
    229
    229
    216
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
        Newborns (0-27 days)
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
        Children (2-11 years)
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
        Adults (18-64 years)
        From 65-84 years
        85 years and over
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    37.8 ± 16.9
    37.8 ± 16.9
    37.8 ± 16.9
    36.7 ± 16.2
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    39
    39
    39
    36
        Male
    190
    190
    190
    180

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Volulyte
    Reporting group description
    Started = Number of patients randomised for this arm

    Reporting group title
    Ionolyte
    Reporting group description
    Started = Number of patients randomised for this arm

    Subject analysis set title
    Safety analysis set (SAF)
    Subject analysis set type
    Safety analysis
    Subject analysis set description
    All patients who had at least one application of IP, independent of the administered amount

    Subject analysis set title
    Full analysis set for the primary endpoint (FAS‑pEP)
    Subject analysis set type
    Full analysis
    Subject analysis set description
    All patients from the SAF, who reached the post-traumatic period and were monitored at least once with respect to components of primary composite endpoint of 90-day mortality and 90-day renal failure, i.e., with respect to mortality or renal function (serum creatinine concentration or initiation of renal replacement therapy).

    Subject analysis set title
    Full analysis set for efficacy analyses (FAS‑Eff)
    Subject analysis set type
    Full analysis
    Subject analysis set description
    All patients from the SAF providing any efficacy data after IP start

    Subject analysis set title
    Per protocol set (PPS)
    Subject analysis set type
    Per protocol
    Subject analysis set description
    All patients from the FASpEP, who did not have any major protocol deviations with regard to the primary endpoint

    Primary: Composite of 90-day mortality and 90-day renal failure

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    End point title
    Composite of 90-day mortality and 90-day renal failure
    End point description
    The primary endpoint of this study was a composite of 90-day mortality and 90-day renal failure reflected by a biomarker increase and defined by AKIN stage ≥2, or RIFLE injury or failure stage, or need for RRT (including haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, haemofiltration, and renal transplantation) at any time during the first 3 months after surgery AKIN: Acute Kidney Injury Network RIFLE: Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of kidney, and End-stage renal kidney disease (classification system for acute kidney injury) RRT: Renal replacement therapy
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    From IP treatment start (T1) to Day 90 (±14 days) after randomisation (T4)
    End point values
    Volulyte Ionolyte
    Number of subjects analysed
    110 [1]
    99 [2]
    Units: cases
    5
    4
    Notes
    [1] - PPS, N missing=3
    [2] - PPS, N missing=4
    Statistical analysis title
    Analysis of the Primary Endpoint
    Statistical analysis description
    Primary hypothesis was that treatment with Volulyte is non-inferior to treatment with Ionolyte regarding the primary composite endpoint of 90-day mortality and 90-day renal failure considering a non-inferiority margin (NIM) defined as a risk difference of Δ = 15% (adjusted for dichotomised age and gender). The NIM on the odds ratio scale corresponds to the odds ratio between the risk of the control group plus non-inferiority margin on the risk difference scale & the risk of the control group.
    Comparison groups
    Volulyte v Ionolyte
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    209
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    non-inferiority [3]
    Method
    Parameter type
    Odds ratio (OR)
    Point estimate
    1.08
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.28
         upper limit
    4.18
    Notes
    [3] - In the PPS, the odds ratio was 1.08 (95% CI= 0.28; 4.18) and the non-inferiority margin on the odds ratio scale was 4.87. Since the upper limit of the 95% CI (4.18) was lower than the non-inferiority margin on the odds ratio scale (4.87), non-inferiority of Volulyte versus Ionolyte was significantly demonstrated in the PPS.

    Secondary: Cystatin C-based minimal estimated glomerular filtration rate during post-traumatic days 1 to 3

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    End point title
    Cystatin C-based minimal estimated glomerular filtration rate during post-traumatic days 1 to 3
    End point description
    The lowest cystatin C-based eGFR during post-traumatic days (PTD) 1 to 3 was calculated from the highest cystatin C level during PTDs 1 to 3.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Post-traumatic days 1 to 3
    End point values
    Volulyte Ionolyte
    Number of subjects analysed
    105 [4]
    101 [5]
    Units: ml/min/1.73 m2
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    -4.21 ± 17.664
    -2.17 ± 19.650
    Notes
    [4] - SAF, N missing = 11
    [5] - SAF, N missing = 12
    Statistical analysis title
    Analysis of Key Secondary Endpoint
    Comparison groups
    Volulyte v Ionolyte
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    206
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    other [6]
    P-value
    = 0.3882
    Method
    ANCOVA
    Parameter type
    LS Mean
    Point estimate
    -2
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -6.562
         upper limit
    2.561
    Notes
    [6] - Model-adjusted change from baseline between the treatment groups. The ANCOVA model with treatment (Volulyte, Ionolyte) and baseline as covariate. Least squares (LS) mean value is the difference in LS means beween groups.

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    The reporting period for adverse events (AEs) started at baseline (T0) and ended at Day 90 after randomisation (T4)
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    Only treatment-emergent adverse events included
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    25.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Volulyte
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group title
    Ionolyte
    Reporting group description
    -

    Serious adverse events
    Volulyte Ionolyte
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    12 / 116 (10.34%)
    14 / 113 (12.39%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    4
    5
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    Surgical and medical procedures
    Hospitalisation
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 116 (0.86%)
    0 / 113 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Bronchospasm
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 116 (0.00%)
    1 / 113 (0.88%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Delirium tremens
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 116 (0.86%)
    0 / 113 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Confusional state
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 116 (0.00%)
    1 / 113 (0.88%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Gun shot wound
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 116 (0.00%)
    1 / 113 (0.88%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Skin laceration
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 116 (0.00%)
    1 / 113 (0.88%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Stab wound
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 116 (0.00%)
    1 / 113 (0.88%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Myocardial infarction
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 116 (0.86%)
    0 / 113 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Pericarditis
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 116 (0.86%)
    0 / 113 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac arrest
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 116 (0.00%)
    1 / 113 (0.88%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Nervous system disorders
    Ischaemic cerebral infarction
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 116 (0.86%)
    0 / 113 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Seizure
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 116 (0.86%)
    1 / 113 (0.88%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cerebrovascular accident
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 116 (0.00%)
    1 / 113 (0.88%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Haemorrhage intracranial
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 116 (0.00%)
    1 / 113 (0.88%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Subarachnoid haemorrhage
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 116 (0.00%)
    1 / 113 (0.88%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 116 (0.00%)
    1 / 113 (0.88%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Abdominal pain upper
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 116 (0.86%)
    0 / 113 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ileus paralytic
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 116 (0.00%)
    1 / 113 (0.88%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Intestinal obstruction
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 116 (0.00%)
    1 / 113 (0.88%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Peptic ulcer haemorrhage
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 116 (0.00%)
    1 / 113 (0.88%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Cholecystitis
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 116 (0.86%)
    0 / 113 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Renal failure
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 116 (0.86%)
    0 / 113 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Bursitis
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 116 (0.00%)
    1 / 113 (0.88%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Cellulitis
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 116 (0.86%)
    0 / 113 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 116 (0.86%)
    1 / 113 (0.88%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Post procedural cellulitis
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 116 (0.86%)
    0 / 113 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sepsis
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 116 (0.86%)
    1 / 113 (0.88%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
    Wound sepsis
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 116 (0.86%)
    0 / 113 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Dehydration
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 116 (0.86%)
    0 / 113 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Volulyte Ionolyte
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    84 / 116 (72.41%)
    84 / 113 (74.34%)
    Investigations
    Blood creatine decreased
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 116 (5.17%)
    5 / 113 (4.42%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    6
    C-reactive protein increased
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    61 / 116 (52.59%)
    54 / 113 (47.79%)
         occurrences all number
    79
    67
    Cardiac disorders
    Tachycardia
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 116 (4.31%)
    6 / 113 (5.31%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    6
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    17 / 116 (14.66%)
    17 / 113 (15.04%)
         occurrences all number
    21
    21
    Thrombocytopenia
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 116 (3.45%)
    10 / 113 (8.85%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    10
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Pyrexia
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 116 (5.17%)
    5 / 113 (4.42%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    5
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Respiratory acidosis
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    12 / 116 (10.34%)
    13 / 113 (11.50%)
         occurrences all number
    13
    16
    Respiratory alkalosis
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    59 / 116 (50.86%)
    46 / 113 (40.71%)
         occurrences all number
    106
    81
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Hypocalcaemia
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    17 / 116 (14.66%)
    15 / 113 (13.27%)
         occurrences all number
    20
    16
    Hypokalaemia
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    15 / 116 (12.93%)
    7 / 113 (6.19%)
         occurrences all number
    17
    8
    Hyponatraemia
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    16 / 116 (13.79%)
    16 / 113 (14.16%)
         occurrences all number
    21
    18
    Metabolic acidosis
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    40 / 116 (34.48%)
    32 / 113 (28.32%)
         occurrences all number
    53
    42
    Metabolic alkalosis
    Additional description: Treatment-emergent
         subjects affected / exposed
    21 / 116 (18.10%)
    14 / 113 (12.39%)
         occurrences all number
    24
    17

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    19 Dec 2016
    The main reasons for this amendment* were the following: - Adjustment of “duration per patient” - Clarification that (serious) adverse events/reactions are recorded and processed on T4 - Addition of discontinuation criteria related to the study site and to the patient - Explanation of actions in case of a breach against the data protection - Further definition of sample size estimation T4: Day 90 (±14 days) after randomisation (i.e., Day 90 Visit) * Depending on the ethics committees' and national authorities’ feedback and on timepoint of initial submission the number of amendments, the amendment dates, as well as the changes to the protocol may differ between the participating countries. The content and the date of this amendment refers to Germany, as representative information.
    10 Jul 2017
    The main reasons for this amendment* were the following: - Clarification of performance of pregnancy test - Correction of table on secondary variables compared to tabular overview and study schedule - Further details on statistical methods * Depending on the ethics committees' and national authorities’ feedback and on timepoint of initial submission the number of amendments, the amendment dates, as well as the changes to the protocol may differ between the participating countries. The content and the date of this amendment refers to Germany, as representative information.
    27 Feb 2018
    The main reasons for this amendment* were the following: - To reflect the referral procedure in relation to risk-benefit-assessment - Addition of subgroup analysis regarding ‘Hemodynamics’ - Clarification of T0 (baseline parameters can be assessed until IP treatment start) and harmonisation of T1 thereof - Clarification regarding the definition of the exclusion criterion ‘Renal impairment‘ in related sections T0 (Baseline): Hospital/emergency room until start of IP administration T1: First 24 hours after IP treatment start * Depending on the ethics committees' and national authorities’ feedback and on timepoint of initial submission the number of amendments, the amendment dates, as well as the changes to the protocol may differ between the participating countries. The content and the date of this amendment refers to Germany, as representative information.
    01 Aug 2019
    The main reason for this amendment* was to reflect sponsor transfer from B. Braun to Fresenius Kabi. * Depending on the ethics committees' and national authorities’ feedback and on timepoint of initial submission the number of amendments, the amendment dates, as well as the changes to the protocol may differ between the participating countries. The content and the date of this amendment refers to Germany, as representative information.
    07 Nov 2019
    The main reasons for this amendment* was to adapt MAP-guided volume algorithm and inclusion criteria MAP: Mean arterial pressure * Depending on the ethics committees' and national authorities’ feedback and on timepoint of initial submission the number of amendments, the amendment dates, as well as the changes to the protocol may differ between the participating countries. The content and the date of this amendment refers to Germany, as representative information.
    13 Aug 2021
    The main reasons for this amendment* was to add explanatory text to address standard of care at the hospitals in South Africa * Depending on the ethics committees' and national authorities’ feedback and on timepoint of initial submission the number of amendments, the amendment dates, as well as the changes to the protocol may differ between the participating countries. The content and the date of this amendment refers to South Africa, as representative information.
    27 Jan 2022
    The main reasons for this amendment* was to allow treatment of a minimum of 109 patients per treatment group independent from the perioperative study HC-G-H-1504 (PHOENICS). Different sections were modified * Depending on the ethics committees' and national authorities’ feedback and on timepoint of initial submission the number of amendments, the amendment dates, as well as the changes to the protocol may differ between the participating countries. The content and the date of this amendment refers to South Africa, as representative information.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported

    Online references

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35655234
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