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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of adjunctive ganaxolone treatment in female children with protocadherin 19 (PCDH19)- related epilepsy followed by long-term open-label treatment

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2018-004496-12
    Trial protocol
    FR   NL   PL   HU   GB   IT  
    Global end of trial date
    20 Jun 2022

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    20 Oct 2023
    First version publication date
    20 Oct 2023
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    1042-PCDH19-3002
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    ISRCTN00000000
    US NCT number
    NCT03865732
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Marinus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    Sponsor organisation address
    5 Radnor Corporate Center, 100 Matsonford Rd, Suite 500, Radnor, United States, PA 19087
    Public contact
    Safety Department, Marinus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 001 4846792138, clinicaltrials@marinuspharma.com
    Scientific contact
    Safety Department, Marinus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 001 4846792138, clinicaltrials@marinuspharma.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    20 Jun 2022
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    19 Jan 2021
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    20 Jun 2022
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To assess the efficacy of Ganaxolone (GNX) compared with Placebo, in biomarker-positive subjects, as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of seizures in children with genetically-confirmed PCDH19-related epilepsy at the end of the 17-week double-blind (DB) phase.
    Protection of trial subjects
    At the first visit, prior to initiation of any study-related procedures, the parent(s) or legal guardian(s) of the subjects gave their written consent to participate in the study after having been informed about the nature and purpose of the study, participation / termination conditions, and risks and benefits. Before the informed consent document was signed, the investigator, or a person designated by the investigator, provided the subject or the subject's legally acceptable representative ample time and opportunity to inquire about details of the trial and to decide whether or not to participate in the trial. All questions about the trial were answered to the satisfaction of the subject or the subject's legally acceptable representative.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    17 May 2019
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Netherlands: 4
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Poland: 2
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Hungary: 1
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Italy: 2
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United States: 12
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    21
    EEA total number of subjects
    9
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    19
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    2
    Adults (18-64 years)
    0
    From 65 to 84 years
    0
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    This was a global, biomarker-stratified, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of adjunctive ganaxolone treatment of seizures in female children with a confirmed pathogenic or likely pathogenic PCDH19 mutation.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    A total of 21 participants were enrolled in the study.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall Study (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator, Carer, Assessor

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Placebo
    Arm description
    Placebo suspension 3x's/day for 17 weeks
    Arm type
    Placebo

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Placebo
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Suspension for oral suspension
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Participants were administered with inactive Placebo as oral suspension.

    Arm title
    Ganaxolone
    Arm description
    Ganaxolone suspension (50 mg/ml) 3x's /day for 17 weeks
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Ganaxolone
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Suspension for oral suspension
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Participants were administered with 50 mg/ml Ganaxolone as oral ssuspension.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Placebo Ganaxolone
    Started
    11
    10
    Completed
    11
    9
    Not completed
    0
    1
         Adverse event, non-fatal
    -
    1

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Placebo suspension 3x's/day for 17 weeks

    Reporting group title
    Ganaxolone
    Reporting group description
    Ganaxolone suspension (50 mg/ml) 3x's /day for 17 weeks

    Reporting group values
    Placebo Ganaxolone Total
    Number of subjects
    11 10 21
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0 0 0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0 0 0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0 0 0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0 0 0
        Children (2-11 years)
    10 9 19
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    1 1 2
        Adults (18-64 years)
    0 0 0
        From 65-84 years
    0 0 0
        85 years and over
    0 0 0
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    11 10 21
        Male
    0 0 0
    Race
    Units: Subjects
        American Indian or Alaska Native
    0 1 1
        Black or African American
    1 0 1
        White
    10 7 17
        More than one race
    0 1 1
        Unknown or Not Reported
    0 1 1

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Placebo suspension 3x's/day for 17 weeks

    Reporting group title
    Ganaxolone
    Reporting group description
    Ganaxolone suspension (50 mg/ml) 3x's /day for 17 weeks

    Primary: Summary of 28-day Seizure Frequency Through 17 Week Post-Baseline Phase (Median Percent Change)

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    End point title
    Summary of 28-day Seizure Frequency Through 17 Week Post-Baseline Phase (Median Percent Change) [1]
    End point description
    Summary of 28-day Seizure Frequency for Seizure Types for Subjects in the Biomarker-positive Stratum through 17 weeks (Median Percent Change). Intent-to-Treat Population comprises all randomized subjects who received at least one dose of study drug and had at least one post-Baseline efficacy assessment.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    End of the double-blind 17 week treatment period
    Notes
    [1] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Per protocol, statistical analysis was not planned for this endpoint.
    End point values
    Placebo Ganaxolone
    Number of subjects analysed
    11
    10
    Units: Median % Change in Number of Seizures
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    -23.97 (-88.24 to 4.89)
    -61.52 (-95.85 to -33.40)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Summary of 28-day Seizure Frequency for Subjects in the Biomarker-positive Stratum (Median Percent Change)

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    End point title
    Summary of 28-day Seizure Frequency for Subjects in the Biomarker-positive Stratum (Median Percent Change)
    End point description
    Summary of 28-day Seizure Frequency for Seizure Types for Subjects in the Biomarker-positive Stratum through 17 weeks (Median Percent Change). Intent to treat Population (ITT) Population specific to subjects in the Biomarker-positive Stratum.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    End of the double-blind 17 week treatment period
    End point values
    Placebo Ganaxolone
    Number of subjects analysed
    7
    6
    Units: Median % Change in Number of Seizures
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    -18.71 (-85.74 to 70.73)
    -35.90 (-86.48 to -24.32)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: 50% Primary Seizure Reduction

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    End point title
    50% Primary Seizure Reduction
    End point description
    Percent of subjects experiencing a greater than or equal to 50% reduction in 28-day primary seizure frequency relative to the 12-week baseline.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    End of the double-blind 17 week treatment period
    End point values
    Placebo Ganaxolone
    Number of subjects analysed
    11
    10
    Units: Participants
    4
    5
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    Screening through Week 17
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    22
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Placebo suspension 3x's/day for 17 weeks

    Reporting group title
    Ganaxolone
    Reporting group description
    Ganaxolone suspension (50 mg/ml) 3x's /day for 17 weeks

    Serious adverse events
    Placebo Ganaxolone
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 11 (45.45%)
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    Nervous system disorders
    Febrile Convulsion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 0
    Seizure
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 11 (27.27%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 0
    Seizure cluster
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 11 (18.18%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Psychogenic seizure
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 0%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Placebo Ganaxolone
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 11 (90.91%)
    7 / 10 (70.00%)
    Investigations
    Alanine aminotransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    2 / 10 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Protein urine present
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Eye injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Skin laceration
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Nervous system disorders
    Somnolence
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 11 (27.27%)
    4 / 10 (40.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    4
    Ataxia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Lethargy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Seizure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Fatigue
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 11 (18.18%)
    2 / 10 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    2
    Gait disturbance
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 11 (18.18%)
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    1
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 11 (18.18%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Abdominal pain upper
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Dental caries
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Eructation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Rash
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 11 (18.18%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Dermatitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Papule
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Psychiatric disorders
    Aggression
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    2 / 10 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    2
    Agitation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    2 / 10 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Behaviour disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Irritability
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Restlessness
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Disinhibition
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Insomnia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Pollakiuria
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Arthralgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Infections and infestations
    Upper respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Impetigo
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Pharyngitis streptococcal
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Vulvovaginal candidiasis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Decreased appetite
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
    2 / 10 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    05 Mar 2019
    Updated to redefine the primary seizure types used to determine participant eligibility and conduct the primary/secondary endpoint analyses.
    01 Jul 2019
    Updated total enrollment from 50-70 to approximately 70 participants; Updated total number of sites up to 45 sites; Added: Acceptable historical seizure data must include at least 12 consecutive weeks prior to the Screening visit of documenting seizure type and frequency (also noting seizure-free days); Added: If a participant must be abruptly discontinued from investigational product, (e.g., severe rash), careful attention should be paid for possibility of withdrawal symptoms such as increase in seizure number or severity. Consideration should be made by the investigator for providing another GABA-A medication for 1-2 weeks such as clobazam to mitigate the potential risk of withdrawal from a positive modulator of GABA-A; Added: Adverse event in which the character, severity or frequency is new in comparison to the participant’s existing risk profile with the exception of somnolence and seizures. Added: An Adverse Event that is associated with non-reversible target organ dysfunction, with the associated laboratory abnormalities as defined in exclusion criteria 11, 12 or 13. An allowance may be made for continued treatment if the abnormality is not medically significant; Added: A laboratory abnormality or vital sign change that is irreversible and considered medically significant, associated with use of the investigational product; Added: The Sponsor’s Medical Monitor does not have to be contacted to initiate unblinding in the IWRS system; Added: Baseline Visit – Randomization (Visit 2, Week 0 + 6 days) The following study procedures/assessments to be completed, the results received, and the investigator must ensure the participant meets all inclusion and exclusion criteria prior to IP administration. The 8 weeks between Screening and Randomization can be no less than 56 days and no more than 62 days.
    16 Aug 2019
    Added: Exclusion Criteria - participants with ≤ 3 primary seizures during the 12- week baseline period; Added: If a participant fails to qualify because of Exclusion Criteria #4 (≤ 3 primary seizures during the 12-week baseline period), she will not be randomized. However, she can be rescreened after collecting another 12 or more weeks of seizure history that satisfies all eligibility criteria including Inclusion Criteria #5 and Exclusion Criteria #3. Each participant is allowed a maximum of 1 rescreening visit.
    30 Jun 2020
    Added: As enrollment in the study was discontinued early due to administrative reasons, and only 15 biomarker-positive participants are expected to be randomized, the study is not considered to have adequate power for formal testing of the statistical hypotheses. Since the reason for stopping enrollment is external to the study, the statistical analysis will be performed as planned. All p-values produced as part of the pre-specified analysis would therefore be considered as nominal; Added: In the event of unforeseen circumstances, in-person study visit assessments may not be able to be performed. To conduct the study according to protocol while preserving patient safety, operational alternatives such as those listed below can be employed as long as the site’s actions are in compliance with the institution’s IRB/EC policies and regulations: Telemedicine visits (video and/or audio communication methods); In-home visits; Local physician visits; Use of local and/or off-site laboratories; Site-to-patient IP distribution. Added: Retrospective entry of diary events (seizure and medication) can be completed by the caregiver up to 5 days later and proxy entry by the site is also available to the site staff (greater than 5 days), but neither method is encouraged.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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