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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A Double-blind, Randomized, Multi-center, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Study to Determine the Effects of Evolocumab (AMG 145) Treatment on Atherosclerotic Disease Burden as Measured by Intravascular Ultrasound in Subjects Undergoing Coronary Catheterization

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2012-004208-37
    Trial protocol
    IT   NL   BE   SE   CZ   HU   ES   DE   GR   FI   NO   IE   DK   IS  
    Global end of trial date
    29 Jul 2016

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    04 Aug 2017
    First version publication date
    04 Aug 2017
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    20120153
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT01813422
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Amgen Inc.
    Sponsor organisation address
    One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States, 91320
    Public contact
    IHQ Medical Info-Clinical Trials, Amgen (EUROPE) GmbH, MedInfoInternational@amgen.com
    Scientific contact
    IHQ Medical Info-Clinical Trials, Amgen (EUROPE) GmbH, MedInfoInternational@amgen.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    29 Jul 2016
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    No
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    29 Jul 2016
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    This study evaluated whether low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) lowering with evolocumab (AMG 145) resulted in greater change from baseline in percent atheroma volume (PAV) at week 78 than placebo in adults with coronary artery disease taking lipid lowering therapy.
    Protection of trial subjects
    This study was conducted in accordance with International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) Good Clinical Practice (GCP) regulations/guidelines. All subjects provided written informed consent before undergoing any study-related procedures, including screening procedures. The study protocol, amendments, and the informed consent form (ICF) were reviewed by the Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) and Independent Ethics Committees (IECs). No subjects were recruited into the study and no investigational product (IP) was shipped until the IRB/IEC gave written approval of the protocol and ICF and Amgen received copies of these approvals.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    18 Apr 2013
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Canada: 59
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United States: 115
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Belgium: 28
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Czech Republic: 32
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    France: 19
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Germany: 5
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Greece: 10
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Hungary: 145
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Iceland: 7
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Ireland: 1
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Israel: 3
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Italy: 29
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Netherlands: 148
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Norway: 14
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Poland: 95
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Russian Federation: 69
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Spain: 38
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Sweden: 15
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Switzerland: 2
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United Kingdom: 4
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Argentina: 13
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Brazil: 4
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Chile: 8
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Mexico: 6
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Australia: 34
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Korea, Republic of: 9
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Malaysia: 10
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Singapore: 1
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    South Africa: 45
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Taiwan: 2
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    970
    EEA total number of subjects
    590
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    661
    From 65 to 84 years
    308
    85 years and over
    1

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    This study was conducted at 163 centers in 30 countries in Europe, North America, Asia Pacific, and Latin America. The first participant was enrolled on 18 April 2013 and the last participant enrolled on 12 January 2015.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    Participants who met all entry criteria were randomized 1:1 to receive evolocumab 420 mg once monthly (QM) subcutaneous (SC) or placebo QM SC for 76 weeks. Randomization was stratified by region.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall Study (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Placebo
    Arm description
    Participants received placebo to evolocumab administered by subcutaneous injection once a month for 76 weeks.
    Arm type
    Placebo

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Placebo
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for injection in pre-filled pen
    Routes of administration
    Subcutaneous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Administered by subcutaneous injection once a month

    Arm title
    Evolocumab
    Arm description
    Participants received 420 mg evolocumab administered by subcutaneous injection once a month for 76 weeks.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Evolocumab
    Investigational medicinal product code
    AMG 145
    Other name
    Repatha
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for injection in pre-filled pen
    Routes of administration
    Subcutaneous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Evolocumab 420 mg administered by subcutaneous injection once a month

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Placebo Evolocumab
    Started
    486
    484
    Received Treatment
    484
    484
    Completed
    466
    468
    Not completed
    20
    16
         Adverse event, serious fatal
    2
    3
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    14
    8
         Sponsor Decision
    2
    1
         Lost to follow-up
    2
    4

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Participants received placebo to evolocumab administered by subcutaneous injection once a month for 76 weeks.

    Reporting group title
    Evolocumab
    Reporting group description
    Participants received 420 mg evolocumab administered by subcutaneous injection once a month for 76 weeks.

    Reporting group values
    Placebo Evolocumab Total
    Number of subjects
    486 484 970
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
    Age Continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    59.8 ( 8.8 ) 59.8 ( 9.6 ) -
    Gender, Male/Female
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    135 135 270
        Male
    351 349 700
    Race/Ethnicity, Customized
    Units: Subjects
        American Indian or Alaska Native
    2 0 2
        Asian
    17 14 31
        Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
    0 1 1
        Black or African American
    5 4 9
        White
    453 456 909
        Multiple
    6 7 13
        Other
    3 2 5
    Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
    Units: Subjects
        Hispanic or Latino
    24 34 58
        Not Hispanic or Latino
    462 450 912
        Unknown or Not Reported
    0 0 0
    Stratification Factor: Geographical Region
    Units: Subjects
        North America
    88 86 174
        Europe
    332 332 664
        Latin America
    16 15 31
        Asia Pacific
    50 51 101

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Participants received placebo to evolocumab administered by subcutaneous injection once a month for 76 weeks.

    Reporting group title
    Evolocumab
    Reporting group description
    Participants received 420 mg evolocumab administered by subcutaneous injection once a month for 76 weeks.

    Primary: Change from Baseline in Percent Atheroma Volume at Week 78

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    End point title
    Change from Baseline in Percent Atheroma Volume at Week 78
    End point description
    Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was used to visualize the extent of atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary artery lumen. The extent of atherosclerosis was expressed as percent atheroma volume (PAV) in a ≥ 40 mm segment of one targeted (imaged) coronary artery, calculated as the percentage of the total vessel volume occupied by atheroma. This endpoint was analyzed in randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug, with a baseline IVUS and an IVUS measurement conducted after week 52 (IVUS analysis set).
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline and week 78
    End point values
    Placebo Evolocumab
    Number of subjects analysed
    423
    423
    Units: percent atheroma volume
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.053 ( 0.189 )
    -0.955 ( 0.19 )
    Statistical analysis title
    Primary Analysis of Change from Baseline in PAV
    Comparison groups
    Placebo v Evolocumab
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    846
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.0001 [1]
    Method
    ANCOVA
    Parameter type
    LS Mean Treatment Difference
    Point estimate
    -1.007
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -1.375
         upper limit
    -0.64
    Variability estimate
    Standard error of the mean
    Dispersion value
    0.187
    Notes
    [1] - ANCOVA model included terms for the treatment group, the geographic region stratification factor, and baseline PAV.

    Secondary: Change from Baseline in Total Atheroma Volume at Week 78

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    End point title
    Change from Baseline in Total Atheroma Volume at Week 78
    End point description
    Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was used to visualize the extent of atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary artery lumen. Total atheroma volume (TAV) in a ≥ 40 mm segment of the targeted coronary artery was calculated as the average plaque area over the number of images that were evaluated by IVUS multiplied by the median vessel length to compensate for differences in segment length between participants. This endpoint was analyzed in randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug, with a baseline IVUS and an IVUS measurement conducted after week 52 (IVUS analysis set).
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline and week 78
    End point values
    Placebo Evolocumab
    Number of subjects analysed
    423
    423
    Units: mm³
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.91 ( 1.214 )
    -5.799 ( 1.216 )
    Statistical analysis title
    Analysis of Change from Baseline in TAV
    Comparison groups
    Placebo v Evolocumab
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    846
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.0001 [2]
    Method
    ANCOVA
    Parameter type
    LS Mean Treatment Difference
    Point estimate
    -4.889
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -7.247
         upper limit
    -2.531
    Variability estimate
    Standard error of the mean
    Dispersion value
    1.201
    Notes
    [2] - ANCOVA model included terms for the treatment group, the geographic region stratification factor, and baseline TAV.

    Secondary: Percentage of Participants with Regression in Percent Atheroma Volume

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    End point title
    Percentage of Participants with Regression in Percent Atheroma Volume
    End point description
    Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was used to visualize the extent of atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary artery lumen. The extent of atherosclerosis was expressed as percent atheroma volume (PAV) in a ≥ 40 mm segment of one targeted (imaged) coronary artery, calculated as the percentage of the total vessel volume occupied by atheroma. Regression in PAV was defined as any reduction from baseline in PAV. This endpoint was analyzed in randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug, with a baseline IVUS and an IVUS measurement conducted after week 52 (IVUS analysis set)
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline and week 78
    End point values
    Placebo Evolocumab
    Number of subjects analysed
    423
    423
    Units: percentage of participants
        number (confidence interval 95%)
    47.3 (42.6 to 52)
    64.3 (59.6 to 68.7)
    Statistical analysis title
    Analysis of Regression in PAV
    Comparison groups
    Placebo v Evolocumab
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    846
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.0001 [3]
    Method
    Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel
    Parameter type
    Treatment Difference
    Point estimate
    17
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    10.3
         upper limit
    23.5
    Notes
    [3] - Based on CMH test stratified by geographic region.

    Secondary: Percentage of Participants with Regression in Total Atheroma Volume

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    End point title
    Percentage of Participants with Regression in Total Atheroma Volume
    End point description
    Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was used to visualize the extent of atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary artery lumen. Total atheroma volume (TAV) in a ≥ 40 mm segment of the targeted coronary artery was calculated as the average plaque area over the number of images that were evaluated by IVUS multiplied by the median vessel length to compensate for differences in segment length between participants. Regression in TAV was defined as any reduction from baseline in TAV. This endpoint was analyzed in randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug, with a baseline IVUS and an IVUS measurement conducted after week 52 (IVUS analysis set).
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline and week 78
    End point values
    Placebo Evolocumab
    Number of subjects analysed
    423
    423
    Units: percentage of participants
        number (confidence interval 95%)
    48.9 (44.2 to 53.7)
    61.5 (56.7 to 66)
    Statistical analysis title
    Analysis of Regression in TAV
    Comparison groups
    Placebo v Evolocumab
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    846
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.0002 [4]
    Method
    Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel
    Parameter type
    Treatment Difference
    Point estimate
    12.5
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    5.8
         upper limit
    19.1
    Notes
    [4] - Based on CMH test stratified by geographic region.

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    From first dose of study drug until week 80
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    19.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Participants received placebo to evolocumab administered by subcutaneous injection once a month for 76 weeks.

    Reporting group title
    Evolocumab
    Reporting group description
    Participants received 420 mg evolocumab administered by subcutaneous injection once a month for 76 weeks.

    Serious adverse events
    Placebo Evolocumab
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    142 / 484 (29.34%)
    135 / 484 (27.89%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    2
    3
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Acoustic neuroma
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Adenocarcinoma of colon
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Basosquamous carcinoma of skin
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Benign pancreatic neoplasm
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bladder cancer
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bladder cancer stage I, with cancer in situ
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Breast cancer
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cervix carcinoma stage 0
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Chemodectoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Endometrial adenocarcinoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal tract adenoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatic neoplasm
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Lung adenocarcinoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Lung adenocarcinoma metastatic
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Lung carcinoma cell type unspecified stage III
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Lung neoplasm malignant
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Malignant melanoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Prostate cancer
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Rectal adenocarcinoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Rectal cancer
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal cancer
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal cell carcinoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Skin cancer
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Transitional cell carcinoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ureteral neoplasm
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Uterine leiomyoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vascular disorders
    Aortic aneurysm
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Arteriosclerosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 484 (0.83%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypotension
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    3 / 484 (0.62%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Peripheral arterial occlusive disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Peripheral artery thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Peripheral vascular disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Raynaud's phenomenon
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vasoconstriction
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vessel perforation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Surgical and medical procedures
    Coronary arterial stent insertion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Coronary revascularisation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hip arthroplasty
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Mammoplasty
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Chest discomfort
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Malaise
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Non-cardiac chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 484 (1.24%)
    11 / 484 (2.27%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 7
    0 / 11
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Oedema peripheral
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Puncture site haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sudden death
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
    Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vascular stent restenosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
    3 / 484 (0.62%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vascular stent stenosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vessel puncture site haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Immune system disorders
    Drug hypersensitivity
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Reproductive system and breast disorders
    Benign prostatic hyperplasia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cervical polyp
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Uterine haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Asthma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    4 / 484 (0.83%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Dyspnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Dyspnoea exertional
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Epistaxis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia aspiration
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pulmonary embolism
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    1 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pulmonary hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sleep apnoea syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Anxiety disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Depression
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    3 / 484 (0.62%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Mental status changes
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Paranoia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Product issues
    Device leakage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Investigations
    Alanine aminotransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    2 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Arteriogram coronary
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood creatinine increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood pressure increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Liver function test increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Cervical vertebral fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Contusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Fall
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Head injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Humerus fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Joint dislocation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Laceration
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Limb traumatic amputation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Lumbar vertebral fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Post procedural haematoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Post procedural haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Procedural dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Road traffic accident
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Skeletal injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Subdural haematoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vascular pseudoaneurysm
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Acute coronary syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 484 (0.62%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Acute myocardial infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 484 (1.03%)
    6 / 484 (1.24%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 5
    0 / 6
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Angina pectoris
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 484 (2.27%)
    17 / 484 (3.51%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 12
    2 / 17
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Angina unstable
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 484 (1.45%)
    8 / 484 (1.65%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 7
    0 / 14
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Aortic valve stenosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Arteriosclerosis coronary artery
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 484 (1.03%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 5
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Atrial fibrillation
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 484 (0.83%)
    6 / 484 (1.24%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    1 / 8
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Atrial flutter
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Atrioventricular block
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Atrioventricular block complete
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Atrioventricular block second degree
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bradycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac failure chronic
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac failure congestive
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac tamponade
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Coronary artery disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 484 (2.69%)
    7 / 484 (1.45%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 13
    1 / 7
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Coronary artery dissection
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Coronary artery occlusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    3 / 484 (0.62%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Coronary artery stenosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 484 (1.03%)
    3 / 484 (0.62%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 5
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Left ventricular dysfunction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Mitral valve incompetence
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Myocardial infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 484 (0.83%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Myocardial ischaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 484 (0.62%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Palpitations
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pericarditis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sinoatrial block
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Supraventricular tachycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ventricular arrhythmia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ventricular fibrillation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ventricular tachycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Carotid artery stenosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cerebral ischaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cerebrovascular accident
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Epilepsy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Facial paresis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Intracranial aneurysm
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Loss of consciousness
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sciatica
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sensory disturbance
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Syncope
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    3 / 484 (0.62%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Transient ischaemic attack
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Tremor
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ear and labyrinth disorders
    Vertigo
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Eye disorders
    Amaurosis fugax
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cataract
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Diabetic retinopathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Retinopathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Diverticular perforation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Dysphagia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Erosive duodenitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastric ulcer
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastric ulcer haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ileal perforation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Inguinal hernia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Large intestine polyp
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Oesophagitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pancreatitis acute
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Small intestinal obstruction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Cholecystitis acute
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cholelithiasis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gallbladder enlargement
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Skin ulcer
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Acute kidney injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bladder prolapse
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Chronic kidney disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nephrolithiasis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    3 / 484 (0.62%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal artery stenosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal colic
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Stress urinary incontinence
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ureteric obstruction
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Urinary retention
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Arthralgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Back pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 484 (0.62%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bursitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Costochondritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Intervertebral disc degeneration
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Intervertebral disc protrusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Joint effusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Myalgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    2 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Osteoarthritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 484 (0.83%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Osteochondrosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Osteoporosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Rheumatoid arthritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    3 / 3
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Spinal column stenosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Spinal osteoarthritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Spinal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Spondylitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Spondylolisthesis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vertebral foraminal stenosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Abdominal abscess
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Appendicitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Brain abscess
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bronchitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bursitis infective staphylococcal
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Clostridium difficile colitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Diverticulitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Eye infection toxoplasmal
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastroenteritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastroenteritis viral
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Kidney infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 484 (1.03%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 6
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Postoperative wound infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pyelonephritis acute
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pyonephrosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sinusitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Staphylococcal sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vestibular neuronitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Diabetes mellitus
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
    2 / 484 (0.41%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypokalaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Obesity
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 484 (0.21%)
    0 / 484 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Placebo Evolocumab
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    120 / 484 (24.79%)
    114 / 484 (23.55%)
    Vascular disorders
    Hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    34 / 484 (7.02%)
    29 / 484 (5.99%)
         occurrences all number
    36
    32
    Cardiac disorders
    Angina pectoris
         subjects affected / exposed
    32 / 484 (6.61%)
    21 / 484 (4.34%)
         occurrences all number
    37
    24
    Nervous system disorders
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    29 / 484 (5.99%)
    19 / 484 (3.93%)
         occurrences all number
    34
    21
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    26 / 484 (5.37%)
    33 / 484 (6.82%)
         occurrences all number
    31
    35
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Myalgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    27 / 484 (5.58%)
    34 / 484 (7.02%)
         occurrences all number
    31
    39

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    30 Apr 2013
    Major changes included: •added known hemorrhagic stroke and personal or family history of hereditary muscular disorders to exclusion criteria •added clarification to the criteria for the target coronary artery for IVUS •added an alert threshold for elevated triglycerides •updated the criteria for withholding investigational product to include criteria for withholding atorvastatin •updated the serious adverse event reporting window •updated the prohibited treatments section •implemented minor clarifications and error corrections
    20 Dec 2013
    Major changes included: •modified inclusion criteria to allow additional statins beyond atorvastatin (simvastatin, rosuvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin, and pitastatin); statin intolerant subjects (limit up to 10%); niacin and ezetimibe background therapy, provided it was stable for 4 weeks prior to screening •added inclusion criteria that subjects had be on a stable, optimized background therapy and on an effective statin dose of at least atorvastatin 20mg daily or equivalent •added exclusion of subjects on mipomersen or lomitapide in the last 12 months prior to LDL-C screening •clarified definition of regression by PAV and TAV for secondary endpoints •updated safety sections per the new Amgen template •changed dosing nomenclature from Q4W to QM •added device language to allow subjects to use the 3.5 mL personal injector when available •implemented other clarifications to inclusion/exclusion criteria

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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