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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Multi-centre, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint assessed, trial of corticosteroids plus intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin, versus IVIG and aspirin for prevention of coronary artery aneurysms in Kawasaki disease (KD-CAAP: Kawasaki Disease Coronary Artery Aneurysm Prevention trial)

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2019-004433-17
    Trial protocol
    GB   BE   EE   SE   FI   ES   DE   NL   IT   AT   CZ  
    Global end of trial date
    21 Oct 2024

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    01 Aug 2025
    First version publication date
    01 Aug 2025
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    124210
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    ISRCTN71987471
    US NCT number
    -
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    University College London
    Sponsor organisation address
    90 High Holborn , London, United Kingdom,
    Public contact
    Clinical Trial Manager, MRC CTU at UCL, mrcctu.kdcaap@ucl.ac.uk
    Scientific contact
    Clinical Trial Manager, MRC CTU at UCL, mrcctu.kdcaap@ucl.ac.uk
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    02 Dec 2024
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    21 Oct 2024
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    21 Oct 2024
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    Does the combination of corticosteroid and IVIG/aspirin reduce the rate of heart complications in children/adolescents with Kawasaki disease across Europe compared with IVIG/aspirin alone?
    Protection of trial subjects
    Inclusion/exclusion criteria and follow-up visits were carefully chosen to minimise the risk to trial subjects. Participants were closely monitored including daily assessments from days 1-5. The clinical examination explicitly prompted for symptoms related to possible drug toxicities. Rescue treatment was permitted at any time at the clinician's discretion and investigators were prompted to consider rescue at day 5 if temperature and CRP were still high.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    02 Jan 2021
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    France: 8
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Netherlands: 7
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Spain: 5
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Sweden: 15
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United Kingdom: 47
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Belgium: 7
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Estonia: 4
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Finland: 5
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Germany: 2
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Italy: 3
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    103
    EEA total number of subjects
    56
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    35
    Children (2-11 years)
    67
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    1
    Adults (18-64 years)
    0
    From 65 to 84 years
    0
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    -

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    106 screened.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Main trial (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded
    Blinding implementation details
    Echocardiograms were reviewed centrally by a paediatric echocardiographer blinded to treatment group.

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Control
    Arm description
    Standard of care IVIG and aspirin.
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    IVIG
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    2mg/kg given as per local standard of care. A second dose may be given on day 2.

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Aspirin
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Dispersible tablet, Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    40mg/kg/day administered orally until child is afebrile for at least 48 hours, reducing to 3-5mg/kg/day until at least 21 days after the resolution of fever.

    Arm title
    Experimental
    Arm description
    Standard of care IVIG and aspirin as in the control arm, plus corticosteroids (prednisolone or methylprednisolone).
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Prednisolone
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Soluble tablet, Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Initial dose of 2mg/kg/day. Tapering allowed from day 5 onwards providing there is resolution of fever, and should be completed over 15 days in 5 day steps from 2 to 1 to 0.5mg/kg/day, and then to 0.

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Methylprednisolone
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Powder for solution for injection/infusion, Solvent for...
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    If oral prednisolone is not tolerated, IV methylprednisolone may be given at equivalent doses (intial dose of 1.6mg/kg/day).

    Investigational medicinal product name
    IVIG
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    2mg/kg given as per local standard of care. A second dose may be given on day 2.

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Aspirin
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Dispersible tablet, Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    40mg/kg/day administered orally until child is afebrile for at least 48 hours, reducing to 3-5mg/kg/day until at least 21 days after the resolution of fever.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Control Experimental
    Started
    53
    50
    Completed
    50
    48
    Not completed
    3
    2
         Withdrawn
    2
    -
         Missed final visit
    -
    1
         Lost to follow-up
    1
    1

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Control
    Reporting group description
    Standard of care IVIG and aspirin.

    Reporting group title
    Experimental
    Reporting group description
    Standard of care IVIG and aspirin as in the control arm, plus corticosteroids (prednisolone or methylprednisolone).

    Reporting group values
    Control Experimental Total
    Number of subjects
    53 50 103
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0 0 0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0 0 0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0 0 0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    20 15 35
        Children (2-11 years)
    33 34 67
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0 1 1
        Adults (18-64 years)
    0 0 0
        From 65-84 years
    0 0 0
        85 years and over
    0 0 0
    Age continuous
    Age at last birthday
    Units: years
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    2 (1 to 3) 2 (1 to 4) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    22 21 43
        Male
    31 29 60
    Type of Kawasaki disease
    Complete or incomplete Kawasaki disease
    Units: Subjects
        Complete
    49 47 96
        Incomplete
    4 3 7
    Bilateral non purulent conjunctivitis
    Bilateral non purulent conjunctivitis present at randomisation
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    50 49 99
        No
    3 1 4
    Cervical lymphadenopathy
    Cervical lymphadenopathy present at baseline
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    40 39 79
        No
    13 11 24
    Polymorphous skin rash
    Polymorphous skin rash present at baseline
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    53 47 100
        No
    0 3 3
    Changes in lips or mucosa
    Changes in lips or mucosa (strawberry tongue, red cracked lips, diffuse erythematous oropharynx) present at baseline
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    52 47 99
        No
    1 3 4
    Extremity changes
    Extremity changes (erythema, oedema of palms and soles in initial phase, and at convalescent stage skin peeling) present at baseline
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    39 41 80
        No
    14 9 23
    Duration of fever at randomisation
    Units: day
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    7 (6 to 9) 7 (6 to 8) -
    Weight
    Units: kilogram(s)
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    14 (11 to 17) 15 (13 to 18) -
    Heart rate
    Data available for 102 participants.
    Units: beats per minute
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    124 (107 to 142) 133 (115 to 146) -
    Temperature
    Units: celsius temperature
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    38.4 (36.9 to 39.1) 38.3 (37.4 to 38.8) -
    CRP
    C-reative protein at baseline. Data available for 102 participants.
    Units: mg/L
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    112 (70 to 194) 148 (86 to 220) -
    Sodium
    Data avialable for 97 participants.
    Units: mmol/L
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    135 (133 to 137) 136 (133 to 138) -
    Potassium
    Data available for 90 participants.
    Units: mmol/L
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    4.1 (3.9 to 4.6) 4.2 (3.8 to 4.5) -
    Height/length
    Units: centimetre
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    92 (82 to 104) 98 (87 to 110) -
    Albumin
    Data available for 90 participants.
    Units: gram(s)/litre
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    30 (25 to 34) 29 (24 to 31) -
    Haemoglobin
    Data available for 96 participants.
    Units: gram(s)/litre
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    104 (96 to 112) 101 (96 to 113) -
    White cell count
    Data available for 96 participants.
    Units: thousand cells/microlitre
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    14 (10 to 17) 13 (9 to 15) -
    Platelet count
    Data available for 95 participants.
    Units: thousand cells/microlitre
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    388 (296 to 421) 322 (270 to 463) -
    Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
    Datta available for 57 participants.
    Units: millimetres/hour
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    88 (56 to 110) 81 (51 to 106) -
    Maximum measurement of luminal diameter
    Maximum measurement of LAD, LMCA, or RCA artery. Baseline echocardiograms were optional but data collected where performed. Data available for 58 participants.
    Units: millimetre(s)
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    2.3 (2.0 to 2.6) 2.4 (2.0 to 2.5) -
    Maximum z-score of luminal diameter
    Maximum z-score of RCA, LAD or LMCA artery based on Lopez formula. Baseline echocardiograms were optional but data collected where performed. Data available for 58 participants.
    Units: z-score
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    1.5 (0.9 to 2.2) 0.7 (0.2 to 1.5) -
    Systolic blood pressure
    Data available for 99 participants.
    Units: mmHg
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    100 (91 to 108) 98 (93 to 104) -
    Diastolic blood pressure
    Data available for 99 participants.
    Units: mmHg
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    60 (52 to 68) 60 (54 to 67) -

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Control
    Reporting group description
    Standard of care IVIG and aspirin.

    Reporting group title
    Experimental
    Reporting group description
    Standard of care IVIG and aspirin as in the control arm, plus corticosteroids (prednisolone or methylprednisolone).

    Primary: Number of children developing coronary artery aneurysm by week 12

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    End point title
    Number of children developing coronary artery aneurysm by week 12
    End point description
    CAA is defined as any of - luminal diameter >3.0 mm in a child <5 years - luminal diameter >4.0 mm in a child/adolescent ≥5 years - internal diameter of a segment at least 1.5 times that of an adjacent segment or when a luminal contour is clearly irregular - luminal internal diameter Z-score of ≥2.5 Z-scores are calculated based on the Lopez method.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Any CAA identified up to 12 weeks from randomisation, on scheduled echocardiograms (weeks 1, 2, 6 and 12) or additional unscheduled scans.
    End point values
    Control Experimental
    Number of subjects analysed
    53
    50
    Units: Number of children
        CAA
    12
    12
        No CAA
    41
    38
    Statistical analysis title
    Bayesian model with uninformative prior
    Statistical analysis description
    Difference in risk of developing a CAA estimated from Bayesian logistic regression with uninformative prior for treatment effect. Adjusted for randomisation stratification factors (age in categories <1, >=1 year; sex; country).
    Comparison groups
    Experimental v Control
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    103
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority [1]
    Method
    Parameter type
    Risk difference (RD)
    Point estimate
    1.1
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -13.8
         upper limit
    16.1
    Notes
    [1] - Note: there is no confidence interval, the interval reported is a 95% equal-tailed credible interval.
    Statistical analysis title
    Bayesian model with enthusiastic prior
    Statistical analysis description
    Difference in risk of developing a CAA estimated from Bayesian logistic regression with enthusiastic prior for treatment effect (based on expected reduction of 12% in experimental arm). Adjusted for randomisation stratification factors (age in categories <1, >=1 year; sex; country).
    Comparison groups
    Control v Experimental
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    103
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority [2]
    Method
    Parameter type
    Risk difference (RD)
    Point estimate
    -6.8
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -17.4
         upper limit
    3.8
    Notes
    [2] - Note: there is no confidence interval, the interval reported is a 95% equal-tailed credible interval.
    Statistical analysis title
    Bayesian model with skeptical prior
    Statistical analysis description
    Difference in risk of developing a CAA estimated from Bayesian logistic regression with a skeptical prior for treatment effect (centred around no difference). Adjusted for randomisation stratification factors (age in categories <1, >=1 year; sex; country).
    Comparison groups
    Control v Experimental
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    103
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority [3]
    Method
    Parameter type
    Risk difference (RD)
    Point estimate
    0.6
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -10.1
         upper limit
    11.3
    Notes
    [3] - Note: there is no confidence interval, the interval reported is a 95% equal-tailed credible interval.
    Statistical analysis title
    Unadjusted Bayesian model with uninformative prior
    Statistical analysis description
    Difference in risk of developing a CAA estimated from unadjusted Bayesian logistic regression with uninformative prior for treatment effect.
    Comparison groups
    Control v Experimental
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    103
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority [4]
    Method
    Parameter type
    Risk difference (RD)
    Point estimate
    1.4
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -14.8
         upper limit
    17.8
    Notes
    [4] - Note: there is no confidence interval, the interval reported is a 95% equal-tailed credible interval.
    Statistical analysis title
    Frequentist model
    Statistical analysis description
    Difference in risk of developing a CAA estimated from logistic regression. Adjusted for age in categories <1, >=1 year, and sex.
    Comparison groups
    Control v Experimental
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    103
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.87
    Method
    Regression, Logistic
    Parameter type
    Risk difference (RD)
    Point estimate
    1.3
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -14.3
         upper limit
    16.8

    Primary: Average maximum z-score of RCA or LAD across weeks 1, 2 and 6

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    End point title
    Average maximum z-score of RCA or LAD across weeks 1, 2 and 6
    End point description
    An average estimate across weeks 1, 2, and 6 of the maximum of the Z-score of the internal diameters of the proximal right coronary artery or left anterior descending coronary artery, adjusted for rescue treatment.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Averaged across week 1, 2, and 6.
    End point values
    Control Experimental
    Number of subjects analysed
    53
    50
    Units: z-score
        arithmetic mean (confidence interval 95%)
    0.6 (0.4 to 0.9)
    0.7 (0.4 to 0.9)
    Statistical analysis title
    GEE with time-updated IPTW
    Statistical analysis description
    Mean difference calculated from generalised estimating equation with independent correlation structure, adjusting for rescue treatment using weights based on baseline (age, CRP, temperature) and time-updated factors (CRP, temperature). Model also adjusts for randomisation stratification factors (age in categories <1, >=1; sex; country), and maximum z-score as baseline (grouped as below median, above median, or missing). Z-scores transformed ln(x+1.40) for normality prior to analysis.
    Comparison groups
    Control v Experimental
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    103
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.72
    Method
    Generalised estimating equation
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (final values)
    Point estimate
    0
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -0.2
         upper limit
    0.2
    Statistical analysis title
    GEE with baseline IPTW
    Statistical analysis description
    Mean difference calculated from generalised estimating equation with independent correlation structure, adjusting for rescue treatment using weights based on baseline factors only (age, CRP, temperature). Model also adjusts for randomisation stratification factors (age in categories <1, >=1; sex; country), and maximum z-score as baseline (grouped as below median, above median, or missing). Z-scores transformed ln(x+1.40) for normality prior to analysis.
    Comparison groups
    Control v Experimental
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    103
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.58
    Method
    Generalised estimating equation
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (final values)
    Point estimate
    -0.1
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -0.2
         upper limit
    0.1
    Statistical analysis title
    Intention to treat estimate
    Statistical analysis description
    Mean difference calculated from generalised estimating equation with independent correlation structure, with no adjustment for rescue treatment. Model adjusts for randomisation stratification factors (age in categories <1, >=1; sex; country), and maximum z-score as baseline (grouped as below median, above median, or missing). Z-scores transformed ln(x+1.40) for normality prior to analysis.
    Comparison groups
    Control v Experimental
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    103
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.61
    Method
    Generalised estimating equation
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (final values)
    Point estimate
    0.1
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -0.2
         upper limit
    0.3

    Secondary: Number of children developing CAA with stricter definition of luminal internal diameter z-score >=2.5

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    End point title
    Number of children developing CAA with stricter definition of luminal internal diameter z-score >=2.5
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to week 12.
    End point values
    Control Experimental
    Number of subjects analysed
    53
    50
    Units: number
    10
    8
    Statistical analysis title
    Logistic regression
    Statistical analysis description
    Percentage and difference between arms estimated from margins following logistic regression, adjusted for randomisation stratification factors (except country due to small numbers).
    Comparison groups
    Control v Experimental
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    103
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.66
    Method
    Regression, Logistic
    Parameter type
    Risk difference (RD)
    Point estimate
    -3
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -17
         upper limit
    11

    Secondary: Number of children receiving rescue treatment

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    End point title
    Number of children receiving rescue treatment
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From randomisation to week 12.
    End point values
    Control Experimental
    Number of subjects analysed
    53
    50
    Units: participants
        Received rescue treatment
    17
    8
        No rescue treatment
    36
    42
    Statistical analysis title
    Logistic regression
    Statistical analysis description
    Percentage and difference between arms estimated from margins following logistic regression, adjusted for randomisation stratification factors (except country due to small numbers).
    Comparison groups
    Control v Experimental
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    103
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.04
    Method
    Regression, Logistic
    Parameter type
    Risk difference (RD)
    Point estimate
    -16
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -32
         upper limit
    0

    Secondary: Number of children receiving second dose of IVIG

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    End point title
    Number of children receiving second dose of IVIG
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From randomisation to week 12.
    End point values
    Control Experimental
    Number of subjects analysed
    53
    50
    Units: participants
        Received second IVIG dose
    20
    9
        No second IVIG dose
    33
    41
    Statistical analysis title
    Logistic regression
    Statistical analysis description
    Percentage and difference between arms estimated from margins following logistic regression, adjusted for randomisation stratification factors (except country due to small numbers).
    Comparison groups
    Control v Experimental
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    103
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.02
    Method
    Regression, Logistic
    Parameter type
    Risk difference (RD)
    Point estimate
    -20
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -37
         upper limit
    -3

    Secondary: Duration of fever after enrolment

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    End point title
    Duration of fever after enrolment
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From randomisation until week 12.
    End point values
    Control Experimental
    Number of subjects analysed
    53
    50
    Units: day
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    1 (1 to 2)
    1 (1 to 1)
    Statistical analysis title
    Duration of fever after enrolment
    Statistical analysis description
    Subhazard ratio and p-value from competing risks model with death as competing risk (prespecified in SAP; although there were no deaths)
    Comparison groups
    Control v Experimental
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    103
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.001
    Method
    Competing risks model
    Parameter type
    Subhazard ratio
    Point estimate
    1.4
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    1.1
         upper limit
    1.7

    Secondary: Mean CRP across day 1 - week 2

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    End point title
    Mean CRP across day 1 - week 2
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Averaged across day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and week 1 and week 2 visits.
    End point values
    Control Experimental
    Number of subjects analysed
    52
    50
    Units: milligram(s)/litre
        arithmetic mean (confidence interval 95%)
    15 (14 to 16)
    13 (12 to 14)
    Statistical analysis title
    Mean CRP across day 1-week 2
    Statistical analysis description
    Mean CRP across day 1-week 2 estimated using GEE with independent correlation structure, adjusted for stratification factors (age in categories <1, >=1; sex; country). CRP values transformed log 2 before analysis.
    Comparison groups
    Control v Experimental
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    102
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.06
    Method
    Generalised estimating equation
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (final values)
    Point estimate
    -0.2
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -0.4
         upper limit
    0

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    From randomisation to 12 weeks
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    Details of adverse events were recorded at each follow up visit. SAEs, grade 3/4 AEs, AEs of any grade that lead to change in IVIG, aspirin or prednisolone/methylprednisolone, and clinical AEs of any grade judged definitely/probably/possibly related to IVIG, aspirin or prednisolone/methylprednisolone were recorded.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    23.1
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Control
    Reporting group description
    Standard of care IVIG and aspirin.

    Reporting group title
    Experimental
    Reporting group description
    Standard of care IVIG and aspirin as in the control arm, plus corticosteroids (prednisolone or methylprednisolone).

    Serious adverse events
    Control Experimental
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 53 (5.66%)
    7 / 50 (14.00%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    Investigations
    Staphylococcus aureus test positive
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 53 (0.00%)
    1 / 50 (2.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vascular disorders
    Kawasaki's disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 53 (0.00%)
    2 / 50 (4.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Aneurysm of coronary vessels
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
    0 / 50 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Coronary artery aneurysm
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 53 (0.00%)
    1 / 50 (2.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Myocardial depression
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
    0 / 50 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Haemolytic anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
    0 / 50 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Fever
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
    1 / 50 (2.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 53 (0.00%)
    1 / 50 (2.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Tachypnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 53 (0.00%)
    1 / 50 (2.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Kawasaki's disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
    0 / 50 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Parvovirus B19 infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 53 (0.00%)
    1 / 50 (2.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Upper respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 53 (0.00%)
    1 / 50 (2.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infection susceptability increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 53 (0.00%)
    1 / 50 (2.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 2%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Control Experimental
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    27 / 53 (50.94%)
    18 / 50 (36.00%)
    Investigations
    Alanine aminotransferase high
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 53 (5.66%)
    3 / 50 (6.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    3
    Albumin low
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 53 (5.66%)
    3 / 50 (6.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    3
    Aspartate aminotransferase high
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 53 (3.77%)
    0 / 50 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Aspartate aminotransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
    0 / 50 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    CRP increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 53 (0.00%)
    1 / 50 (2.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Creatinine high
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 53 (7.55%)
    2 / 50 (4.00%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    2
    Haemoglobin low
         subjects affected / exposed
    14 / 53 (26.42%)
    5 / 50 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    15
    6
    Phosphate low
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 53 (3.77%)
    4 / 50 (8.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    4
    Vascular disorders
    Nose bleed
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 53 (1.89%)
    1 / 50 (2.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    2
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 53 (3.77%)
    0 / 50 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    05 Feb 2020
    Addition of the word ‘additional’ oral steroids to the experimental group, Clarification that ‘clinical’ adverse events of any grade related to IVIG, aspirin or corticosteroids should be collected, Removal the following sentence related to IVIG and aspirin ‘They are supplied to the trial participants according the protocol but are NOT under investigation.’, Update to the Funders grant agreement number, Clarification that Echocardiograms and ECGs completed on a scheduled visit should be collected although they are not mandatory for the trial, Clarification that IVIG can be infused dependent as per standard of care within the member state, Typographical error for reason that randomisation will be stratified, should be country rather than site.
    15 May 2020
    Addition of the ISRCTN number, Amendment to the trial compliance statement to allow local national law requirements to be met in EU countries and clarification that in terms of confidentiality GDPR will be followed, Updates to Trial Administration – addition of CTU Data Manager and amendment to the address for the Nursing co-investigator, Amendment of the duration of aspirin given to participants to at least 21 days, Clarification of the 48 hour assessment should be performed within the day 2 assessment, Clarification that the maximum daily temperature will be collected from Day 5 until discharge or until the child/adolescent is afebrile for 2 calendar days, Clarification on the documents required at site assessment, Clarification of the inclusion criteria that the child/adolescent must be below the age of country specific consent for the duration of the trial, Minor typographical amendments to make the wording consistent within the inclusion criteria, Removal of randomisations being completed by the CTU over the phone, Information on the timing of the first dose of corticosteroids, Amendment to the trial IMP dispensing and accountability requirements, Clarification of the data collected for treatment of KD, Addition that adherence to aspirin will be collected using standardised diaries in the control and experimental group, Clarification that echocardiograms collected from any unscheduled timepoints will be centrally assessed, Clarification that only overdose of IMP which results in clinical symptoms of any grade is a notifiable event, Addition of detail regarding the use of IVIG and aspirin during pregnancy, Amendment to the TMG membership.
    07 Apr 2021
    Addition of details where queries should be sent relating to the sponsorship of the trial, Update to the details within Trial Administration include the addition of the emergency contact details for Paul Brogan and Despina Eleftheriou, addition of a trial manager to the CTU Staff and Affiliates, update to the address and contact details for Cardiology co-investigator Professor Robert Tulloh, Addition that visits maybe conducted via telephone, Clarification that the dose of aspirin should not be reduced until the participant has been afebrile for at least 48 hours, EudraCT# added, Update to the wording ancillary studies to substudies, Addition of urine or blood pregnancy test for adolescents who are menstruating, and exclusion criteria as pregnant or breastfeeding, Removal of LDL and HbA1c collection, Update to the volume of research blood samples collected, Update to the time points weight is collected at, Update to remove collection of temperature from the axilla throughout the protocol, Clarification that if the CHU9D is not available in the local language it does not have to be completed, Clarification that the recommendations for the volume of blood collected relate to the research specific bloods, Addition of Section 1.6 related to the benefit-risk assessment for the trial, Addition of ‘or known phenylketonuria to aspartame used in a formulation in an infant less than 12 weeks.’ to exclusion 7. criteria, Rationale for collecting date of birth added, The details regarding collection of weight for dosing has been moved from 5.3.1 to 5, Clarification that there are no trial specific temperature monitoring requirements for the IMP, Inclusion of a +/- 20% flexibility in the dosing of IVIG and aspirin, Removal of wording surrounding the regular weight collection included in error, Clarification that enough IMP should be dispensed to reach the participants next visit or to allow the completion their duration of corticosteroids, Addition of mitigation for provision o
    22 Oct 2021
    EudraCT number added to cover and general information, Addition of (Fortaleza, Brazil, October 2013) to the Declaration of Helsinki meeting which the trial is run in accordance with, Update to MRC CTU staff, Update to exclusion criteria 10 to include active influenza infection, Removal or wording ‘In particular, the investigator must ensure that the children’s anonymity will be maintained and that their identities are protected from unauthorised parties.’, Update from a Standard Operating Procedure to Guidance, Update wording in section 9.4 to make it consistent with the wording changed in Protocol v4.0, Oversight and Trial Committees Section

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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