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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A randomized phase III study to compare Bortezomib, Melphalan, Prednisone (VMP) with High Dose Melphalan followed by Bortezomib, Lenalidomide, Dexamethasone (VRD) consolidation and Lenalidomide maintenance in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2009-017903-28
    Trial protocol
    NL   IS   BE   DK   AT   SE   IT   CZ   SK   GR   PT   FI   HU   LU  
    Global end of trial date
    18 Oct 2024

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    11 May 2025
    First version publication date
    11 May 2025
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    HO95
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    -
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    HOVON
    Sponsor organisation address
    Dr. Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, Netherlands,
    Public contact
    HOVON, HOVON, hovon@erasmusmc.nl
    Scientific contact
    HOVON, HOVON, hovon@erasmusmc.nl
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    02 Nov 2020
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    29 Oct 2020
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    18 Oct 2024
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    - To assess the efficacy of VMP versus high-dose therapy and stem cell transplantation (HDT) in patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma, as measured by the progression free survival. - To evaluate the effect of consolidation with VRD followed by Lenalidomide maintenance with no consolidation but Lenalidomide maintenance alone on progression free survival.
    Protection of trial subjects
    Monitoring and Insurance
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    21 Jan 2011
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Netherlands: 356
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Norway: 29
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Portugal: 5
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Sweden: 53
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Austria: 20
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Belgium: 29
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Czechia: 80
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Denmark: 54
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Greece: 37
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Iceland: 2
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Italy: 718
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Luxembourg: 1
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Australia: 17
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Türkiye: 60
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Switzerland: 42
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    1503
    EEA total number of subjects
    1384
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    1417
    From 65 to 84 years
    86
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    -

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    All subjects gave written informed consent and were screened according to the inclusion- and exclusion criteria

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall period
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Arm title
    Experimental
    Arm description
    -
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    lenalidomide
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    REVLIMID®
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Capsule, hard
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    The recommendations for initial starting doses of REVLIMID® for patients with MM are as follows while maintaining a 21 out of 28 day treatment cycle: Renal Function (CrCL) | Multiple Myeloma Dose Mild Renal Impairment (90 > CrCL ≥ 60 mL/min) | 25 mg (Normal Dose) Every 24 hours Moderate Renal Impairment (30 ≤ CrCL < 60 mL/min) | 10 mga Every 24 hours Severe Renal Impairment (CrCL < 30 mL/min, not requiring dialysis) |15 mg Every 48 hours End Stage Renal Disease (CrCL < 30 mL/min, requiring dialysis) | 5 mg Once daily. On dialysis days the dose should be administered following dialysis The dose may be escalated to 15 mg every 24 hours after 2 cycles if patient is not responding to treatment and is tolerating the drug.

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Bortezomib
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    VELCADE
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Powder for solution for injection
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous bolus use
    Dosage and administration details
    The recommended starting dose of bortezomib is 1.3 mg/m2 body surface area twice a week for two weeks (administration on days 1, 4, 8 and 11), followed by a 10-day rest period (days 12-21). This three-week period is considered one treatment cycle. There must be at least 72 hours between successive doses of VELCADE. It is recommended that patients with proven complete remission be treated with 2 additional VELCADE cycles after establishing complete remission. It is also recommended that responding patients who do not achieve complete remission be treated with a total of 8 VELCADE cycles. Few data are currently available on re-treatment with VELCADE.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Experimental
    Started
    1503
    Completed
    0
    Not completed
    1503
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    68
         Adverse event, non-fatal
    309
         Other
    424
         Unknown (Early consent withdrawal)
    3
         Lack of efficacy
    699

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Overall period
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group values
    Overall period Total
    Number of subjects
    1503 1503
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Adults (18-64 years)
    1417 1417
        Adults (65 years)
    86 86
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        median (full range (min-max))
    58 (28 to 66) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    634 634
        Male
    869 869

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Experimental
    Reporting group description
    -

    Primary: Primary endpoint

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    End point title
    Primary endpoint [1]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    See publication
    Notes
    [1] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: see attached chart/documents for results
    End point values
    Experimental
    Number of subjects analysed
    1503
    Units: Whole
    1503
    Attachments
    Statistical data section from publication
    List of reported SAEs
    List of reported non-SAEs
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) will be reported from the first study-related procedure until 30 days following the last dose of any drug from the protocol treatment schedule or until the start of subsequent systemic therapy for the disease under study.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    CTCAE
    Dictionary version
    v4
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Experimental group
    Reporting group description
    -

    Serious adverse events
    Experimental group
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    714 / 1493 (47.82%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    686
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Neoplasm benign, malignant and unspecif. (inc. cysts/polyp)
    Additional description: combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    101 / 1493 (6.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    75 / 113
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    6 / 12
    Vascular disorders
    Vascular disorders
    Additional description: combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    39 / 1493 (2.61%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    23 / 41
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 3
    Surgical and medical procedures
    Surgical and medical procedures
    Additional description: combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    12 / 1493 (0.80%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 12
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Additional description: combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    164 / 1493 (10.98%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    90 / 218
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    5 / 26
    Immune system disorders
    Immune system disorders
    Additional description: Combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 1493 (0.47%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    4 / 7
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Reproductive system and breast disorders
    Reproductive system and breast disorders
    Additional description: combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 1493 (0.27%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Additional description: combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    75 / 1493 (5.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    50 / 85
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    3 / 16
    Psychiatric disorders
    Psychiatric disorders
    Additional description: combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    12 / 1493 (0.80%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    7 / 12
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    Investigations
    Investigations
    Additional description: combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    17 / 1493 (1.14%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    22 / 24
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Additional description: combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    32 / 1493 (2.14%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    3 / 32
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Congenital, familial and genetic disorders
    Congenital, familial and genetic disorders
    Additional description: Combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 1493 (0.13%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Cardiac disorders
    Additional description: Combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    33 / 1493 (2.21%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    17 / 33
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 5
    Nervous system disorders
    Nervous system disorder
    Additional description: combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    67 / 1493 (4.49%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    29 / 79
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Additional description: Combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    52 / 1493 (3.48%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    38 / 53
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 7
    Eye disorders
    Eye disorders
    Additional description: Combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 1493 (0.33%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 5
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Additional description: combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    97 / 1493 (6.50%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    59 / 107
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 7
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Additional description: Combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    14 / 1493 (0.94%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    3 / 14
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Additional description: combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    16 / 1493 (1.07%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    9 / 16
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Additional description: combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    25 / 1493 (1.67%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    12 / 25
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 5
    Endocrine disorders
    Endocrine disorders
    Additional description: Combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 1493 (0.13%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Additional description: combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    45 / 1493 (3.01%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    7 / 48
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Infections and infestations
    Additional description: combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    240 / 1493 (16.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    186 / 329
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    5 / 13
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Additional description: combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    32 / 1493 (2.14%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    14 / 32
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 0%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Experimental group
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    1436 / 1493 (96.18%)
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Other toxicity
    Additional description: Combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    678 / 1493 (45.41%)
         occurrences all number
    1335
    Vascular disorders
    Vascular disorders
    Additional description: Combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    193 / 1493 (12.93%)
         occurrences all number
    279
    Cardiac disorders
    Cardiac disorders
    Additional description: Combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    111 / 1493 (7.43%)
         occurrences all number
    143
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
    Additional description: Combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    941 / 1493 (63.03%)
         occurrences all number
    2563
    Neutropenia
    Additional description: Combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    978 / 1493 (65.51%)
         occurrences all number
    2290
    Thrombocytopenia
    Additional description: Combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    913 / 1493 (61.15%)
         occurrences all number
    2053
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    GI & Hepatic disorders
    Additional description: Combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    891 / 1493 (59.68%)
         occurrences all number
    1727
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Respir, thor, medias disorders
    Additional description: Combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    299 / 1493 (20.03%)
         occurrences all number
    353
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Skin & subcutaneous disorders
    Additional description: Combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    482 / 1493 (32.28%)
         occurrences all number
    716
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Renal & urin. disorders
    Additional description: Combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    102 / 1493 (6.83%)
         occurrences all number
    121
    Infections and infestations
    Infection & Febrile neut
    Additional description: Combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    666 / 1493 (44.61%)
         occurrences all number
    998
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Invest. & metab. disorders
    Additional description: Combined
         subjects affected / exposed
    452 / 1493 (30.27%)
         occurrences all number
    869

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    28 Jun 2011
    AM 1 Italy
    03 Jan 2012
    AM 2 The change(s) in this amendment relates to the addition of ROD2 JIT label Lenalidomide.
    26 Mar 2012
    AM 1 nordic
    30 Nov 2012
    AM 3 addition Quality of life substudy - addition Iron deficiency substudy - addition substudy Evaluation PET scan in young MM patients - duration of follow-up period - criteria measurable disease - modification schedule VCD induction - addition dose adjustments during VCD, VMP and VRD treatment - change in information molecular substudies - addition reporting of Second Primary Malignancies
    13 May 2013
    AM 4 (protocol v5) The changes in this amendment relate to - removing the 7.5mg and 2.5mg doses of Lenalidomide for dose reduction during the VRD course in case of toxicities - changing the dose reduction schedule of Cyclophosphamide during VCD (removal day 15).
    12 Mar 2014
    AM5 (= protocol v 6) change in the duration of a course of Lenalidomide maintenance treatment from 28 days to 21 days change in eligibility criteria of stem cell mobilization clarification of the timelines of randomization relative to the start of VRD/maintenance treatment addition of FISH analysis at progression correction response evaluation clarification of precautions during Bortezomib treatment and Lenalidomide maintenance treatment clarification of dose adjustments of Bortezomib addition of the possibility of crossover from the VMP arm to the HDM arm in case of Bortezomib toxicity during VMP clarification of timelines of bone marrow punctures and response evaluations addition of additional information about the MRD substudy addition of side effects of Bortezomib correction dose of cyclophosphamide and CRAB criteria change local investigator in specified sites
    28 Nov 2014
    AM06 Switzerland
    06 May 2019
    AM07 (Brexit preparations) Change in marketing authorization holder Addition of EU IMP release site
    12 Feb 2020
    AM08 (= protocol v 7) -Lenalidomide maintenance treatment is given until progression of disease (previously until relapse/progression) -All patients are followed up to 10 years after registration instead of 7 years - Administrative changes
    02 Jul 2021
    AM09 (= protocol v 8) Lenalidomide maintenance treatment is given as an investigational treatment for 10 years. Patients who continue to benefit from this treatment after 10 years continue their maintenance regimens outside of study settings. - - - - Additional patient information letter Change of local investigator or independent physician Merger/renaming of hospitals

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported

    Online references

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34774221
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    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
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